Mellan åren 2005-2007 bedrev den svenska organisationen Posten en omfattande förändringsprocess som gick under namnet On-side. Anledningen till förändringen var att organisationens marknadsposition var hotad i samband med nya marknadsförutsättningar. Förändringen innebar att organisationen skulle specialisera sina olika verksamheter genom att bilda separata bolag för vart marknadssegment där högre kundfokus skulle uppnås. Organisationen förflyttade sig från att ha varit en funktionsorganisation till att bli en bolagiserad divisionsorganisation. Denna uppsats utgår från ett ledningsperspektiv där förändringsprocessen analyseras utifrån Kotters åtta-stegsmodell. Uppsatsen söker därav att undersöka huruvida On-side genomgick de steg som modellen ifråga förespråkar. Slutsatsen dras att On-side genomgick sju av de åtta stegen.

This work deals with communication over the AWGN channel with additive discrete interference, where the sequence of interference symbols is known causally at the transmitter. We use Shannon's treatment for channels with side information at the transmitter as a framework to derive ``optimal precoding" and ``channel code design criterion" for the channel with known interference at the transmitter. Communication over Shannon's state-dependent discrete memoryless channel where the state sequence is known causally at the transmitter requires encoding over the so-called \emph{associated} channel which has exponential input alphabet cardinality with respect to the number of states. We show that by using at most linearly many input symbols of the \emph{associated} channel, the capacity is achievable. In particular, we consider $M$-ary signal transmission over the AWGN channel with additive $Q$-ary interference where the sequence of i.i.d. interference symbols is known causally at the transmitter. We investigate the problem of maximization of the transmission rate under the uniformity constraint, where the channel input given any current interference symbol is uniformly distributed over the channel input alphabet. For this setting, we propose the general structure of a communication system with optimal precoding. We also investigate the extension of the proposed precoding scheme to continuous channel input alphabet. We also consider the problem of channel code design with causal side information at the encoder. We derive the code design criterion at high SNR by defining a new distance measure between the input symbols of the Shannon's \emph{associated} channel. For the case of the binary-input channel, i.e., $M=2$, we show that it is sufficient to use only two (out of $2^Q$) input symbols of the \emph{associated} channel in encoding as far as the distance spectrum of code is concerned. This reduces the problem of channel code design for the binary-input AWGN channel with known interference at the encoder to design of binary codes for the binary symmetric channel where the Hamming distance among codewords is the major factor in the performance of the code.

This work deals with communication over the AWGN channel with additive discrete interference, where the sequence of interference symbols is known causally at the transmitter. We use Shannon's treatment for channels with side information at the transmitter as a framework to derive ``optimal precoding" and ``channel code design criterion" for the channel with known interference at the transmitter. Communication over Shannon's state-dependent discrete memoryless channel where the state sequence is known causally at the transmitter requires encoding over the so-called \emph{associated} channel which has exponential input alphabet cardinality with respect to the number of states. We show that by using at most linearly many input symbols of the \emph{associated} channel, the capacity is achievable. In particular, we consider $M$-ary signal transmission over the AWGN channel with additive $Q$-ary interference where the sequence of i.i.d. interference symbols is known causally at the transmitter. We investigate the problem of maximization of the transmission rate under the uniformity constraint, where the channel input given any current interference symbol is uniformly distributed over the channel input alphabet. For this setting, we propose the general structure of a communication system with optimal precoding. We also investigate the extension of the proposed precoding scheme to continuous channel input alphabet. We also consider the problem of channel code design with causal side information at the encoder. We derive the code design criterion at high SNR by defining a new distance measure between the input symbols of the Shannon's \emph{associated} channel. For the case of the binary-input channel, i.e., $M=2$, we show that it is sufficient to use only two (out of $2^Q$) input symbols of the \emph{associated} channel in encoding as far as the distance spectrum of code is concerned. This reduces the problem of channel code design for the binary-input AWGN channel with known interference at the encoder to design of binary codes for the binary symmetric channel where the Hamming distance among codewords is the major factor in the performance of the code.

Recovery of unattached offshore facilities or missing equipments is a challenging activity. Generally speaking, this activity involves a comprehensive procedure which includes: target characterization, searching, detection, verification, locating, reacquisition and salvage. Among them, target searching and detection are the most critical components of the whole procedure. The purpose of this investigation was dedicated in discussing the efficiency by the application of side-scan sonar, magnetometer and sub-bottom profiler simultaneously in searching, detecting, identifying and locating underwater stationary targets. Procedures of this research include: 1. Discussing the capabilities of instruments and verification cruises on target. 2. Discussing the salvage activity we conducted off Kaohsiung harbor on a depleted anchor. 3. Estimating the practicability of the methodology. According to the characteristics of these apparatus, the water depth, collected by echo sounder, is capable of expressing the relief of the seabed. Seabed sonographs, recorded by side-scan sonar, show that it is feasible to detect, verify and locate targets on the seabed. Sub-bottom profiler provides the sub-surface sedimentary information which can be used to detect buried targets. Magnetometer can detect environmental magnetic intensities, which can locate and determine the size of ferrous targets. Two depleted anchors were recorded off Kaohsiung harbor on the navigation chart. A recovery plan was then arranged which included 4 phases: collection of anchor characteristics, initial field survey and target detection, target verification and locating, target recovery. The underwater searching equipment employed in this activity include: side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, magnetometer, echo sounder, underwater positioning system (include GPS), remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and professional divers. The offshore working platform used in this activity was R/V Ocean Research#3. Results of the initial search phase by side-scan sonar indicated there was only one potential target in the searching area. Follow up verification cruises confirmed acoustically that the target was an anchor with a piece of chain clogged on a block. The results of this investigation included the information such as the dimensions and the location of the anchor. Furthermore, the reason which caused the anchor being abandoned on the seafloor was derived. For underwater ferrous targets, such as anchor and chain cable, all of the aforementioned apparatus, have good potential for their detection and verification. It can be concluded that, applying these apparatus simultaneously can more effectively conduct searching, detecting, identifying and locating underwater stationary targets than by the application of a single instrument such as side-scan sonar system. Optical verifications of this target by ROV were attempted, nevertheless, were not success due to the difficulties in maneuvering OR#3 into proper position. An attempt to recovery this target by divers was arranged. But due to bad weather and rough sea state, the divers were not even allowed to dive. However, according to the experiences collected, a target reacquisition and recovery facility was built to fulfill the necessity of guiding divers to the target and lift it.

The protein side chain prediction is an essential issue, in protein structure prediction, protein design, and protein docking problems. The protein side chain packing problem has been proved to be NP-hard. Our method for solving this problem is first to reduce it to the clique finding problem, and then we can apply the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve it. In knowledge-based methods, the rotamers are chosen from the rotamer library, which are based on the pair of dihedral angles, £r and £p, of backbones. We take the coordinate rotamer library as the template, so we do not need the complicated energy function to calculate the bond length and bond angle. We use a simple score function to evaluate the goodness of a solution of the ACO algorithm. The score function combines some factors, such as charge-charge interaction, intermolecular hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds and van der Waals interactions. The experimental results show that our score function is biologically sensible. We compare our computational results with the results of SCWRL 3.0 and the residue-rotamer-reduction (R3) algorithm. The accuracy of our method outperforms both SCWRL 3.0 and R3 methods.

In this research,we observed PAMA(poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)) and PAA(poly(n-alkyl acrylate)¡^side chain crystalline.We find side chain is longer and crystalize more easily,melting point is higher.In the result of DSC thermograms,the length of side chain is 6 carbons,we can't find any thermal transition.But the length of side chain is 12¡B18 carbons,we only found Tm.In PLM observation,we only get side chain crystalline's picture,and can't see any liquid crystalline yet. Although in X-ray's illustrative can find layer structure's diffraction peak,but i think this evidence can't prove the system that is liquid crystalline.It just can be said that the layed structure was formed by side chain crystallization.

Objective: To study midwives management, practice and reasoning regarding contraceptive counseling for women who are experiencing "mild" side effects of the pill Methods: Four focus groups, made up of three to five midwives per group, participated in focus group discussions. Qualitative design with the method “Think-Aloud” has been used to collect data and the material was analyzed using content analysis. Results: The study identified three categories, the first "How midwives practice regarding the side effects of the pill," shows that midwives have a systematic approach when meeting with women who are experiencing side effects of the pill. The next category "Using a holistic and professional approach for women" highlights that the midwives take women's side effects seriously and that midwives respect individual woman’s autonomy. Finally in the third category "Lack of evidence about side effects becomes a women's dilemma" here midwives describe varying ways of interpreting side effects as well as attitudes and socio-economic conditions in society that affect women's choice of contraception. Conclusion: The midwives express that side effects such as loss of libido, depression and weight gain are complex and often difficult to attribute solely to the pill. The midwives' work is characterized by a holistic approach. We see the benefits of sharing information in groups, therefor we suggest that midwives create mediums where they can learn from each other by sharing their valuable experience and knowledge.

This paper examines how many and the most common type of side stops a traveler or travel party makes during long-distance travel of over 100 miles or more. The research uses the 1995 American Travel Survey (ATS) because it is one of the few data sources that collects information on stops and side trips for long-distance trips. The paper utilizes two models to estimate side stop behavior: 1) an ordered probit formulation for modeling the number of side trips during long distance travel, and 2) a mixed multinomial logit formulation for modeling the most common side stop purpose during long-distance travel. A variety of variables, including trip and household characteristics, are considered in the model specification. The factors that play the largest role in determining side stop behavior are the primary purpose of the long-distance trip, whether the trip is a planned vacation or not, and the ethnicity of the travelers.

The following report documents the evolution of the script The Other Side of Shadow and the effects that extensive rewriting, character work, and story restructuring have had on the author. / text

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