Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers, 1993. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-109).

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-122). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11886

Background: Online victimisation during adolescence is associated with adverse outcomes across multiple domains. However, previous research has demonstrated that some adolescents are at greater risk of experiencing online victimisation than others. Literature on traditional peer victimisation has highlighted the importance of children’s early experiences and the family context but it is unclear how these factors relate to online victimisation. The first study reviews the evidence for associations between the phenomenon of cyber-victimisation (CV) and parenting behaviours, whereas the second study investigates online victimisation which includes experiences of online harassment and unwanted contact of a sexual or offensive nature. Aim: A systematic review was conducted to determine whether positive parenting behaviours protect against CV during adolescence. An empirical study investigated whether experiences of childhood maltreatment were associated with online victimisation and whether this relationship was mediated by attachment insecurity and risky electronic communication in an adolescent sample. Method: A systematic review of the literature identified seventeen studies which met inclusion criteria. Parenting behaviours were categorised into offline and online parenting behaviours and the findings from each study were reported. Studies were also assessed against 15 quality criteria. In the second study, 123 students aged 12- 16 were recruited. Five self-report questionnaires were administered measuring experiences of childhood maltreatment, attachment, risky electronic communication, electronic media use and online victimisation. Results: Offline parenting behaviours, particularly general monitoring, may reduce the likelihood of adolescents experiencing CV. There was greater variation in the findings relating to online parental mediation strategies, but in general these strategies did not consistently predict a significant increase nor a reduction in CV. The empirical study found that whilst attachment anxiety partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and online victimisation, attachment avoidance and risky electronic communication did not. However, childhood maltreatment and risky electronic communication were significant predictors of online victimisation. Conclusion: Parenting behaviours and early childhood experiences may play an important role in the victimisation of adolescents online. Interventions which promote positive parenting and attachment security may help to protect young people against online victimisation. However, more empirically rigorous and longitudinal studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the risk factors and the protective factors involved.

Organizational forms can become institutionalized in the sense that their existence and application is taken-for-granted and perceived as legitimate by stakeholders. Over time, new organizational forms can emerge that challenge perceived legitimacy of the established form. From this perspective, this dissertation examined institutionalization in the context of online business degree programs (OBDP) in higher education. Specifically, this dissertation examined OBDP as an emerging institutionalized form in relation to its cognitive legitimacy (taken-for-grantedness) and sociopolitical legitimacy (appropriateness) from the perspectives of four key stakeholder groups (students, faculty, academic administrators, and business practitioners). Survey results suggest that OBDPs are perceived as cognitively legitimate across each of the groups studied and socio-politically legitimate in each the four groups studied except for faculty. Furthermore, a conjoint experiment was conducted to determine the influence that four program related characteristics (accreditation, reputation, placement after graduation, and physical linkage) have on the legitimacy perceptions of OBDPs. Conjoint results indicate that each of the factors studied were significant predictors of legitimacy with accreditation being the most significant across each of the four groups. These findings provide a novel test of institutional theory as well as contributing to practice by offering strategic guidance to business schools either currently offering ODBPs or those planning to develop an online version of an existing program.

Nos últimos anos, muitos blogs ganharam notoriedade e se tornaram referências em determinados nichos. Estes blogs atraem tanto a atenção do público assim como de empresas querendo desenvolver ações promocionais junto a esta audiência. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento de serviços de publicidade online permitiu o surgimento de novos pequenos anunciantes, assim como novos pequenos veículos que dispostos a exibir anúncios. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, compreender a profissionalização dos blogs brasileiros a partir de uma investigação sobre as dinâmicas promocionais na blogosfera. A pesquisa busca discutir a relação entre a cultura participativa (Jenkins, 2006b) da Internet, a virtualização da economia e o papel dos blogueiros neste contexto. Para tal, foi conduzido um estudo netnográfico que consistiu em: a) acompanhar os cem blogs brasileiros de maior autoridade do ranking do indexador Blogblogs, onde investigou-se a presença e o gerenciamento de publicidade e buscou-se outros indícios da profissionalização do meio; b) realizar uma observação participante no I Fórum de Mídias Digitais e Sociais FMDS e no BlogCamp Paraná. / In recent years, many blogs have gained notoriety and have become authorities in certain niches. These blogs attract both the attention of the public as well as companies aiming to develop promotional campaigns targeting blogs audience. Moreover, the development of online advertising services allows the emergence of new small advertisers, in addition to new small vehicles willing to display ads. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the professionalization of Brazilian blogs through an investigation of the promotional dynamics in the blogosphere. The research discusses the relationship between the participatory culture (Jenkins, 2006b) of the Internet, the virtualization of the economy and the role of bloggers in this context. In order to achieve this work's goals, a netnographic study was conducted and it consisted of: a) following the 100 most authoritative Brazilian blogs ranked in the Blogblogs index to investigate the presence and management of advertising and to find other evidences of the professionalization of the medium; b) conducting a participant observation in the I Digital and Social Media Forum (FMDS) and in the BlogCamp Paraná.

Submitted by FABIANA SOUZA (souza.m.fabiana@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T13:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017 pdf with ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1522104 bytes, checksum: ae5f88ba601637a307b8ea2ea7ec9c03 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Fabiana, Já recebi sua submissão, mas será necessário alguns ajustes. *Título do seu trabalho deve estar em letra maiúscula. *Apenas seus título e seu nome em negrito nas páginas. *Após o agradecimento em inglês é necessário colocar o agradecimento em português. Com a conclusão destes ajustes tudo está certinho. Fazer novamente a postagem e aguardar a URL para assim fazer a submissão no aluno online. Qualquer dúvida estamos à disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa on 2017-03-20T13:36:23Z (GMT) / Submitted by FABIANA SOUZA (souza.m.fabiana@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T14:57:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017_final 14h55.pdf: 1527728 bytes, checksum: 54003154e3eecd0b2ea7326a1f8312dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-20T15:37:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017_final 14h55.pdf: 1527728 bytes, checksum: 54003154e3eecd0b2ea7326a1f8312dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T15:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017_final 14h55.pdf: 1527728 bytes, checksum: 54003154e3eecd0b2ea7326a1f8312dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / This thesis is a set of three studies concentrated on the antecedents and effects of users trust in online health groups on Facebook. People in Brazil are increasingly using these groups as a way to find health information and support from people who experience the same health challenges. There are several types of online groups addressing various topics of interest gathering together hundreds and thousands of individuals who can easily participate and interact with others. Their goal is to be able to improve their knowledge about their topic of interest, to manage their health condition better. Also many seek advice to better deal with the disease and alleviate its symptoms. Others are seeking support for behavior change to be healthier. The participation of people in such groups has the potential to address many health issues and positively influences health systems. So it is important to better understand about aspects that can contribute to the online group's sustainability and longevity, such as the activity of members, its inner workings and the relationship between members. These online groups are constituted by people who do not know each other personally. Thus, trust is an aspect that materializes from the interactions experienced and relationships constituted within the community. These experiences, result of the interaction of the individual with the other participants and the knowledge available, has the potential to increase or decrease their trust in the online groups. Which in turn impacts the way people engage in the community and contribute their knowledge as well as the adoption of knowledge available in the online group. The first study discusses aspects of the activity of members and the online group inner workings. These aspects imply the vitality of online communities, a crucial element for its success and development. Based on previous literature, we identified that there is no measure to assess the vitality of the community, although its dimensions have already been conceptualized. The main contribution of this paper is the development and validation of the Online Community Vitality scale, which can be measured by 20 items composed of five sub-dimensions: content quantity, content quality, interactivity, responsiveness, and atmosphere. The second study seeks to address the literature gap by exploring the determinants of individuals trust in online health groups. The main contribution of the second paper is the extension of the literature of trust in the context of social medias by testing and validating new variables as antecedents of trust: online community vitality, community support and perceived information credibility. The last study proposes that the participant's trust in online health groups have the potential to increase their engagement, knowledge adoption and contribution. Also, proposes that engagement positively influences the adoption of knowledge and knowledge contribution. The results support all prepositions. The findings contribute to the expand the literature about trust and engagement, considering the context of online health groups on Facebook. / Esta tese é um conjunto de três estudos sobre os fatores que impactam a confiança do indivíduo em grupos online de saúde no Facebook, bem como os efeitos da confiança nestes grupos. No Brasil as pessoas estão cada vez mais utilizando tais grupos como forma de acesso as informações de saúde e também para obter apoio de pessoas que enfrentam os mesmos desafios de saúde. Existem vários tipos de grupos online que tratam de temas diversos e reúnem centenas e milhares de pessoas, que facilmente participam e interagem com semelhantes. Estas pessoas buscam melhorar o seu conhecimento sobre o tópico de seu interesse, a fim de melhor administrar sua condição de saúde. Além disso, muitos procuram aconselhamento para melhor lidar com a doença e aliviar seus sintomas. Outros buscam suporte para que mudem seu próprio comportamento de modo a se tornarem mais saudáveis. A participação de pessoas em tais grupos tem potencial para ajudar na solução de muitos problemas de saúde e também influenciar positivamente os sistemas de saúde. Desta forma, é relevante a compreensão dos aspectos que podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade e longevidade do grupo online, tais como: as atividades dos membros, o funcionamento interno da comunidade e a relacionamento entre os membros. Os grupos on-line são constituídos por pessoas que geralmente não se conhecem pessoalmente, sendo assim, a confiança é um aspecto que se materializa a partir das interações vivenciadas e das relações constituídas dentro da comunidade. Essas experiências, resultado da interação do indivíduo com os outros participantes e do conhecimento disponível no grupo, têm potencial para aumentar ou diminuir sua confiança nos grupos on-line. O que por sua vez afeta a forma como as pessoas se engajam e contribuem com seus conhecimentos, bem como a adoção do conhecimento disponível no grupo on-line. O primeiro estudo discute aspectos relativos a atividade dos membros e o funcionamento do grupo online. Esses aspectos implicam a vitalidade da comunidade on-line, crucial para seu sucesso e desenvolvimento. Com base na literatura anterior, foi identificado que não há instrumento de medida para avaliar a vitalidade da comunidade, embora suas dimensões já tenham sido previamente conceituadas. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento e validação da escala de Vitalidade na Comunidade, que pode ser medida através de 20 itens distribuídos em cinco subdimensões: quantidade de conteúdo, qualidade do conteúdo, interatividade, capacidade de resposta e atmosfera. O segundo estudo trata de uma lacuna da literatura e explora os fatores determinantes da confiança dos indivíduos em grupos de saúde on-line. A principal contribuição do segundo artigo é a ampliação do arcabouço teórico de confiança no contexto das mídias sociais, por meio do teste e validação de novas variáveis como antecedentes de confiança, são elas: vitalidade da comunidade, suporte da comunidade e percepção de credibilidade da informação. O último estudo propõe que a confiança dos participantes em grupos on-line de saúde tem o potencial de aumentar seu engajamento, adoção e contribuição de conhecimento. Também propõe que o engajamento influencia positivamente a adoção de e contribuição de conhecimento. Os resultados suportam todas as proposições. Os achados contribuem para ampliar a literatura sobre confiança e engajamento, considerando o contexto dos grupos de saúde on-line no Facebook.

The study investigated the motivational factors among Saudi teachers and supervisors in using online professional development OPD in the Makkah School District. The motivational factors are convenience, collaboration, and technology. Quantitative design, which includes descriptive and comparative approaches, was was utilized to address the research questions. The selection of the sample, 421 participants, was also discussed and a description of the sample with respect to the demographic variables, including gender, position, level of degree, and teaching experience were given. After collecting data, descriptive and comparative approaches, themes, and codes were used in order to get the results. The results indicate that convenience, collaboration, and technology highly motivate Saudi teachers and supervisors to use OPD. The results also show other motivational factors, which are administrative support, the quality of OPD programs, and social motivation. The findings show that gender and position have no impact on the participants’ responses. However, teaching experience does make an impact with respect to convenience on teachers and supervisors who have more than 26 years experience in the profession. In addition, the level of education does make an impact regarding technology on teachers and supervisors who hold a master’s degree or above. The results also indicate barriers to OPD, which are technical issues, administrative issues, and personal concerns. Most significantly, results show that most participants prefer OPD over face-to-face PD. Implications were made and suggestions offered in order to enhancing the use of OPD programs in the Saudi context. The study closes with suggestions for future research by those who might be interested in this topic.

In modern applications, it is a big challenge that analyzing the order statistics about the most recent parts of the high-volume and high velocity stream data. There are some online quantile algorithms that can keep the sketch of the data in the sliding window and they can answer the quantile or rank query in a very short time. But most of them take the GK algorithm as the subroutine, which is not known to be mergeable. In this paper, we propose another algorithm to keep the sketch that maintains the order statistics over sliding windows. For the fixed-size window, the existing algorithms can’t maintain the correctness in the process of updating the sliding window. Our algorithm not only can maintain the correctness but also can achieve similar performance of the optimal algorithm. Under the basis of maintaining the correctness, the insert time and query time are close to the best results, while others can't maintain the correctness. In addition to the fixed-size window algorithm, we also provide the time-based window algorithm that the window size varies over time. Last but not least, we provide the window aggregation algorithm which can help extend our algorithm into the distributed system.

Nos últimos anos, muitos blogs ganharam notoriedade e se tornaram referências em determinados nichos. Estes blogs atraem tanto a atenção do público assim como de empresas querendo desenvolver ações promocionais junto a esta audiência. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento de serviços de publicidade online permitiu o surgimento de novos pequenos anunciantes, assim como novos pequenos veículos que dispostos a exibir anúncios. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, compreender a profissionalização dos blogs brasileiros a partir de uma investigação sobre as dinâmicas promocionais na blogosfera. A pesquisa busca discutir a relação entre a cultura participativa (Jenkins, 2006b) da Internet, a virtualização da economia e o papel dos blogueiros neste contexto. Para tal, foi conduzido um estudo netnográfico que consistiu em: a) acompanhar os cem blogs brasileiros de maior autoridade do ranking do indexador Blogblogs, onde investigou-se a presença e o gerenciamento de publicidade e buscou-se outros indícios da profissionalização do meio; b) realizar uma observação participante no I Fórum de Mídias Digitais e Sociais FMDS e no BlogCamp Paraná. / In recent years, many blogs have gained notoriety and have become authorities in certain niches. These blogs attract both the attention of the public as well as companies aiming to develop promotional campaigns targeting blogs audience. Moreover, the development of online advertising services allows the emergence of new small advertisers, in addition to new small vehicles willing to display ads. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the professionalization of Brazilian blogs through an investigation of the promotional dynamics in the blogosphere. The research discusses the relationship between the participatory culture (Jenkins, 2006b) of the Internet, the virtualization of the economy and the role of bloggers in this context. In order to achieve this work's goals, a netnographic study was conducted and it consisted of: a) following the 100 most authoritative Brazilian blogs ranked in the Blogblogs index to investigate the presence and management of advertising and to find other evidences of the professionalization of the medium; b) conducting a participant observation in the I Digital and Social Media Forum (FMDS) and in the BlogCamp Paraná.

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