Tesis

Consta o presente, de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre aspectos controversos das relações de consumo quando diante da detecção de vícios redibitórios em produtos adquiridos via Internet. Almeja o entendimento das implicações que esse meio de contratação traz para a sociedade em suas relações comerciais nas quais, por tal razão, o Direito, consequentemente, também precisa tutelar. Discutem-se, aqui, as conseqüências das relações de consumo, com destaque aos vínculos estabelecidos entre consumidor e vendedor, em meios eletrônicos, mostrar-se-ão as diferenças entre o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e o Código Civil, com destaque para a postura que deve ser assumida para se conseguir a tutela processual por via das ações edilícias diante dos vícios redibitórios em casos de contratos de caráter consumerista. A metodologia repousará no alicerce da doutrina sem esquecer de analisar os modernos meios de informações disponíveis. Para aprofundar a análise adequada da realidade e dos contratos realizados por meio dos que praticam o comércio eletrônico / Is in the present, a literature survey on controversial aspects of the relations of consumption when faced with the prohibitive detection of defects in goods purchased via the Internet. Aims to understand the implications that this method of procurement brings to society in their trade relations in which, for this reason, the law, therefore, also needs to protect. We discuss here the consequences of consumer relations, with emphasis on links established between consumer and seller, electronic media show will be the differences between the Code of Consumer Protection and the Civil Code, with emphasis on posture should be taken to achieve the procedural protection by the actions of defects before edilicias prohibitive in cases of contracts consumerist character. The methodology will rest on the foundation of the doctrine without forgetting to consider the modern means of information available. To deepen the analysis of reality and appropriate contracts made by means of practicing ecommerce

The master’s thesis focuses on marketing in the relatively new spere specifically marketing on the Internet. Specifies the specific deficiencies shop and proposes a number of essential steps for the advanced operation of an existing Internet business. Contains several design solutions that help increase visits in online store, and consequently also increase sales shop.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-10-13T17:49:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_adriano_fabio.pdf: 906201 bytes, checksum: 9af45c534a156c226767cfc7b6220c55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T17:50:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_adriano_fabio.pdf: 906201 bytes, checksum: 9af45c534a156c226767cfc7b6220c55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 / Is in the present, a literature survey on controversial aspects of the relations of consumption when faced with the prohibitive detection of defects in goods purchased via the Internet. Aims to understand the implications that this method of procurement brings to society in their trade relations in which, for this reason, the law, therefore, also needs to protect. We discuss here the consequences of consumer relations, with emphasis on links established between consumer and seller, electronic media show will be the differences between the Code of Consumer Protection and the Civil Code, with emphasis on posture should be taken to achieve the procedural protection by the actions of defects before edilicias prohibitive in cases of contracts consumerist character. The methodology will rest on the foundation of the doctrine without forgetting to consider the modern means of information available. To deepen the analysis of reality and appropriate contracts made by means of practicing ecommerce. / Consta o presente, de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre aspectos controversos das relações de consumo quando diante da detecção de vícios redibitórios em produtos adquiridos via Internet. Almeja o entendimento das implicações que esse meio de contratação traz para a sociedade em suas relações comerciais nas quais, por tal razão, o Direito, consequentemente, também precisa tutelar. Discutem-se, aqui, as conseqüências das relações de consumo, com destaque aos vínculos estabelecidos entre consumidor e vendedor, em meios eletrônicos, mostrar-se-ão as diferenças entre o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e o Código Civil, com destaque para a postura que deve ser assumida para se conseguir a tutela processual por via das ações edilícias diante dos vícios redibitórios em casos de contratos de caráter consumerista. A metodologia repousará no alicerce da doutrina sem esquecer de analisar os modernos meios de informações disponíveis. Para aprofundar a análise adequada da realidade e dos contratos realizados por meio dos que praticam o comércio eletrônico.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om prisreducering, julhandel, känslor och erfarenheter på den svenska online-marknaden följer tidigare påvisat konsumtionsmönster i fysiska butiker kring Black Friday. Metod: Tvärsnittsstudien har utförts bestående av en enkätundersökning för att identifiera mönster och samband för Generation Z:s konsumentbeteende under Black Friday i förhållande till de fyra faktorerna. Totalt deltog 119 st studenter från Högskolan i Borås i enkätundersökningen från ett bekvämlighetsurval. Resultat: Studien visar på ett etablerat samband mellan vikten av prisreduceringar och julklappshandel. Vidare visade resultatet på en positiv relation mellan associationen av positiva känslor och tidigare positiva erfarenheter där stockout, tidseffektivitet och spontanshopping hade en större påverkan. Slutligen gick det även att observera en positiv relation mellan associationen av negativa känslor och tidigare negativa erfarenheter. Dock kunde ett undantag identifieras då tidseffektivitet visade på ett negativt samband där erfarenheten inte ökar associationen av negativa känslor. Originalitet/Värde: Då utformningen av marknadsföringen är vital för att generera en ökad försäljning blir det också viktigare att förstå vad som driver konsumenten till köp. Tidigare studier undersöker primärt den fysiska marknaden men då internet utgör en stor del av vardagen för Generation Z blir online shopping mer och mer relevant. Online-handeln i Sverige fortsätter att växa kontinuerligt och konkurrensen ökar avsevärt varje år. Studien har därför bidragit med en ökad förståelse för hur exempelvis företag, marknadsförare och e-handelsbutiker ska kunna anpassa marknadsföringen under Black Friday och liknande prispromotionshögtider för att möta konsumentens behov. / Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate whether price reduction, Christmas shopping, emotions and experiences in the Swedish online market follow previously demonstrated consumption patterns in brick and mortar stores around Black Friday. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted consisting of a survey study to identify patterns and relationships for Generation Z's consumer behavior during Black Friday in relation to the four factors. A total of 119 students from the University of Borås participated in the survey from a convenience sample. Findings: The study shows an established connection between the importance of price promotions and Christmas gift shopping. Furthermore, the results showed a positive relationship between the association of positive feelings and previous positive experiences where stockout, time efficiency and spontaneous shopping had a greater impact. Finally, a positive relationship between the association of negative feelings and previous negative experiences was established. However, an exception could be identified due to time efficiency showing a negative relationship where the experience does not increase the association of negative feelings. Originality / Value: As the design of marketing is vital for generating increased sales, it also becomes more important to understand what drives the consumer to make a purchase. Previous studies primarily examine the physical market, but as the internet forms a large part of everyday life for Generation Z, online shopping is becoming more and more relevant. Online commerce in Sweden grows continuously and competition increases significantly every year. The study has therefore contributed to an increased understanding of how for example companies, marketers and e-commerce stores can adapt marketing during Black Friday and similar price promotion holidays to meet consumer needs.This thesis is written in Swedish.

This research explores the peculiarity of doing business in modern China. The author focuses on the country's cultural characteristics, specifics of Chinese communication and management styles, subtleties of business etiquette and negotiations as well as development of online commerce and other aspects of business dealings in China in the context of cross-cultural interaction. / В работе рассматриваются особенности ведения бизнеса в современном Китае. Автор акцентирует внимание на характерных чертах культуры страны, специфике китайского стиля делового общения и менеджмента, тонкостях бизнес-этики и деловых переговоров, а также на развитии интернет-торговли и других аспектах деловой культуры Китая в контексте межкультурного взаимодействия.

Cette thèse est une collection de trois articles en économie de l'information. Le premier chapitre sert d'introduction et les Chapitres 2 à 4 constituent le coeur de l'ouvrage. Le Chapitre 2 porte sur l’acquisition d’information sur l’Internet par le biais d'avis de consommateurs. En particulier, je détermine si les avis laissés par les acheteurs peuvent tout de même transmettre de l’information à d’autres consommateurs, lorsqu’il est connu que les vendeurs peuvent publier de faux avis à propos de leurs produits. Afin de comprendre si cette manipulation des avis est problématique, je démontre que la plateforme sur laquelle les avis sont publiés (e.g. TripAdvisor, Yelp) est un tiers important à considérer, autant que les vendeurs tentant de falsifier les avis. En effet, le design adopté par la plateforme a un effet indirect sur le niveau de manipulation des vendeurs. En particulier, je démontre que la plateforme, en cachant une partie du contenu qu'elle détient sur les avis, peut parfois améliorer la qualité de l'information obtenue par les consommateurs. Finalement, le design qui est choisi par la plateforme peut être lié à la façon dont elle génère ses revenus. Je montre qu'une plateforme générant des revenus par le biais de commissions sur les ventes peut être plus tolérante à la manipulation qu'une plateforme qui génère des revenus par le biais de publicité. Le Chapitre 3 est écrit en collaboration avec Marc Santugini. Dans ce chapitre, nous étudions les effets de la discrimination par les prix au troisième degré en présence de consommateurs non informés qui apprennent sur la qualité d'un produit par le biais de son prix. Dans un environnement stochastique avec deux segments de marché, nous démontrons que la discrimination par les prix peut nuire à la firme et être bénéfique pour les consommateurs. D'un côté, la discrimination par les prix diminue l'incertitude à laquelle font face les consommateurs, c.-à-d., la variance des croyances postérieures est plus faible avec discrimination qu'avec un prix uniforme. En effet, le fait d'observer deux prix (avec discrimination) procure plus d'information aux consommateurs, et ce, même si individuellement chacun de ces prix est moins informatif que le prix uniforme. De l'autre côté, il n'est pas toujours optimal pour la firme de faire de la discrimination par les prix puisque la présence de consommateurs non informés lui donne une incitation à s'engager dans du signaling. Si l'avantage procuré par la flexibilité de fixer deux prix différents est contrebalancé par le coût du signaling avec deux prix différents, alors il est optimal pour la firme de fixer un prix uniforme sur le marché. Finalement, le Chapitre 4 est écrit en collaboration avec Sidartha Gordon. Dans ce chapitre, nous étudions une classe de jeux où les joueurs sont contraints dans le nombre de sources d'information qu'ils peuvent choisir pour apprendre sur un paramètre du jeu, mais où ils ont une certaine liberté quant au degré de dépendance de leurs signaux, avant de prendre une action. En introduisant un nouvel ordre de dépendance entre signaux, nous démontrons qu'un joueur préfère de l'information qui est la plus dépendante possible de l'information obtenue par les joueurs pour qui les actions sont soit, compléments stratégiques et isotoniques, soit substituts stratégiques et anti-toniques, avec la sienne. De même, un joueur préfère de l'information qui est la moins dépendante possible de l'information obtenue par les joueurs pour qui les actions sont soit, substituts stratégiques et isotoniques, soit compléments stratégiques et anti-toniques, avec la sienne. Nous établissons également des conditions suffisantes pour qu'une structure d'information donnée, information publique ou privée par exemple, soit possible à l'équilibre. / This thesis is a collection of three essays in economics of information. Chapter 1 is a general introduction and Chapters 2 to 4 form the core of the thesis. Chapter 2 analyzes information dissemination on the Internet. Online platforms such as Amazon, TripAdvisor or Yelp are now key sources of information for modern consumers. The proportion of consumers consulting online reviews prior to purchasing a good or a service has grown persistently. Yet, sellers have been accused of hiring shills to post fake reviews about their products. This raises the question: Does the presence of shills make reviews less informative? I show that the answers to this question depend on the way the platform presents and summarizes reviews on its website. In particular, I find that withholding information by garbling the reviews benefits information dissemination by inducing the seller to destroy less information with manipulation. Next, I show that the platform's choice regarding how to present reviews hinges on its revenue source. Indeed, a platform that receives sales commissions optimally commits to publishing information differently from a platform that receives revenues from advertisements or from subscription fees. Incidentally, such platforms have contrasting impacts on the amount of information that is transmitted by reviews. Chapter 3 is co-authored with Marc Santugini. In this chapter, we study the impact of third-degree price discrimination in the presence of uninformed buyers who extract noisy information from observing prices. In a noisy learning environment, it is shown that price discrimination can be detrimental to the firm and beneficial to the consumers. On the one hand, discriminatory pricing reduces consumers’ uncertainty, i.e., the variance of posterior beliefs upon observing prices is reduced. Specifically, observing two prices under discriminatory pricing provides more information than one price under uniform pricing even when discriminatory pricing reduces the amount of information contained in each price. On the other hand, it is not always optimal for the firm to use discriminatory pricing since the presence of uninformed buyers provides the firm with the incentive to engage in noisy price signaling. Indeed, if the benefit from price flexibility (through discriminatory pricing) is offset by the cost of signaling quality through two distinct prices, then it is optimal to integrate markets and to use uniform pricing. Finally, Chapter 4 is co-authored with Sidartha Gordon. In this chapter, we study a class of games where players face restrictions on how much information they can obtain on a common payoff relevant state, but have some leeway in covertly choosing the dependence between their signals, before simultaneously choosing actions. Using a new stochastic dependence ordering between signals, we show that each player chooses information that is more dependent on the information of other players whose actions are either isotonic and complements with his actions or antitonic and substitutes with his actions. Similarly, each player chooses information that is less dependent on the information of other players whose actions are antitonic and complements with his actions or isotonic and substitutes with his actions. We then provide sufficient conditions for information structures such as public or private information to arise in equilibrium.