Os conjuntos habitacionais verticais populares, implantados na metrópole paulistana, a partir da década de 1960 até a atualidade, por órgãos públicos como a Cohab-SP - Companhia Metropolitana de Habitação de São Paulo e a CDHU - Companhia do Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano e pelo Mercado Imobiliário, constituem em geral um espaço urbano diferenciado do restante da cidade. Idealizados com base nos princípios modernistas de padronização das edificações, repetição de tipos, abundância de espaços livres, setorização funcional e acessibilidade total, esses espaços se contrapõem de forma abrupta ao entorno de casas geminadas, densas com espaços livres reduzidos e fragmentados, e pela diversidade de usos existente nesses bairros. Apropriando-se equivocadamente do discurso da cidade modernista, apresentada pela Carta de Atenas no início do século XX, e do projeto concretizado em Brasília, tais conjuntos apresentam deficiências nos espaço propostos que são reincidentes na produção dos últimos 50 anos. A ideia inicial de constituição de um sistema de espaços livres contínuos, acessíveis e abundantes, nesses conjuntos, é enfraquecida pela inadequação dos projetos às características físicas das glebas utilizadas, às deficiências do projeto arquitetônico dos edifícios, à inexistência de projetos paisagísticos e à baixa legibilidade urbana desses espaços diante dos padrões vernaculares de ocupação que existem no imaginário popular. Observa-se que, com o passar das décadas e a mudança dos produtores desses conjuntos, apesar de algumas revisões que foram sendo feitas nos seus projetos, há a persistência de características espaciais implantadas nos primeiros conjuntos da Cohab-SP, na década de 1970, e o reforço de sua ruptura com o espaço urbano pré-existente. Observa-se ainda que tal padrão, antes exclusivo da produção pública, aparece de forma atenuada na produção do Mercado Imobiliário. A falta de critérios de qualidade espacial, que guiem essa produção, permeia esses conjuntos que, além de apresentarem deficiências na proposição de espaços urbanos que suportem o cotidiano de seus moradores, não possibilitam que tais projetos sejam integrados ao bairro onde se localizam. O trabalho proposto pretende, apoiando-se em estudos de caso da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, produzidos na última década, identificar as mudanças absorvidas no processo de implantação dos conjuntos de 1970 até 2010, sua forma urbana e sistema de espaços livres dela resultante, apresentando critérios de avaliação de qualidade dos espaços urbanos habitacionais e estabelecendo uma comparação entre a produção empreendida pelo Poder Público e a produção empreendida pelo Mercado Imobiliário. / The vertical projects for the lower income families implanted in São Paulo city since 1960 until the present day, by public departments such as COHAB SP- Companhia Metropolitana de Habitação de São Paulo and CDHU-Companhia do Desenvolvimento Habitacional Urbano and by the Real Estate Developers, are in general an urban space that stands up when looking at the rest of the city. Conceived from the modernist principles of standardizing builds, repetition of architectural types, abundance of open spaces, functional sectors and total accessibility; these spaces oppose themselves in an abrupt manner to the surroundings of dense geminate houses with reduced and fragmented open spaces and by the diversity of uses that exist in those neighborhoods. Wrongly using the speech of the modernist city, presented in the Athens Charter at the beginning of the XXth century and of the project that turned real in Brasilia, such urban projects present deficiencies space wise that are recurrent in the production of the last 50 years. The initial idea of constituting a system of continuous, accessible and abundant open spaces, in those urban projects is weakened by the inadequacy of the projects to the physical characteristics of the piece of land used, to the weaknesses of the architectural project of the buildings, to the non-existence of landscape projects, and to the low urban legibility of these spaces opposed to the vernacular standards of occupation existing in the minds of the population. One can notice that as decades go by and the changes of the producers of these urban projects, despite some revisions that were made to their projects, space characteristics that were implanted in the first urban projects by Cohab-SP in the 70s and the reinforcement of their separation from the pre-existing urban space still persist. It is also evident that such standard, that was exclusive to the public production before, now appears in an attenuated manner in the Real Estate Market. Lack of criteria for space quality to guide this production is all over these urban projects that besides showing deficiencies in presenting urban spaces that can support the daily lives of the people who live there, and also prevents those urban projects to integrate with the neighborhood where they stand. This paper intends to identify the changes that were absorbed in the process of implantation of the housing complexes projects from 1970 to 2010, their urban form and open spaces system that resulted from it, supported by case studies of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from the last decade; presenting criteria for the evaluation of quality of the urban projects and establish a comparison between the production in the hands of the Public Authority and the production in the hands of the Real Estate Developers.

No Abstract / MN (2016)

Esta dissertação trata do papel dos espaços livres públicos em Laranjeiras, cidade de interesse histórico no estado de Sergipe, com a finalidade de contribuir para a valorização da sua paisagem urbana. Entendendo que a identificação dos modos de ver um lugar pelas pessoas que nele habitam constitui tarefa primordial para a compreensão dos seus valores ambientais, parte-se da ideia de que, entre os passos importantes para direcionar ações que transformem um dado ambiente com base em valores da população local, estejam a identificação dos elementos e aspectos ambientais mais significativos considerados por quem vivencia o local, e o entendimento das formas de compreensão que expressem esses valores. Com o objetivo de entender e valorizar as relações entre os habitantes e a paisagem de Laranjeiras, buscou-se primeiramente conhecer sua história, desde a formação do núcleo colonial até a atualidade. Dirigiu-se em seguida o foco para os elementos da paisagem e para os espaços livres públicos que, segundo o olhar especializado do historiador e do paisagista, apresentam-se como os mais significativos. Em seguida, fez-se necessário cotejar este olhar mais especializado com os pontos de vista dos cidadãos comuns que vivenciam a cidade de Laranjeiras no seu cotidiano visando delimitar, por fim, um conjunto de elementos que justificam a atribuição de valor à paisagem da cidade e que conformam sua possível identidade paisagística. / This thesis deals with the role of public open spaces in Laranjeiras, city of historical interest, as an attempt to contribute to the revaluation process of its urban landscape. This research understands that the dweller\'s individual perception of its environment is very important to understanding of these environmental values. By identifying the elements and most significant environmental aspects from the view of who experience the place and the expression of its values, is one of the important steps to orientate actions in a given environment based in its local population values. Intending to understand and appreciate the relations between the Laranjeira\'s dwellers and its landscape, first of all, we\'ve search for its history, since the formation process of its colonial core until today. Then, the focus turns to the research of landscape elements and public open spaces - the most significant aspects according to the historian\'s and landscape architect\'s specialized point of view. Then, was reavealed the necessity of verifying this specialized look and the views of ordinary people who experience Laranjeiras quotidian, outlining, finally, a set of elements that justify the allocation of value to the landscape of the city and constitute its possible landscape identity.

Bibliography: leaves 61-67.

As the population of the earth expands the natural world shrinks in order to give space to our growing population. This is a problem since humans have a big part in the destruction of natural habitats. In Gretel Ehrlich’s The Solace of Open Spaces we find a close interaction between human culture and nature. The Solace of Open Spaces can be categorized as creative non fiction, and with this is mind I intend to employ a theoretical approach called ecocriticism when analyzing The Solace of Open Spaces. The following essay will examine how the narrator of The Solace of Open Spaces has depicted the relation between nature and culture. The study will be conducted by a close reading of The Solace of Open Spaces. Other than the close reading a series of important articles and websites have been consulted for further information regarding certain keywords and concepts. Important keywords which are found throughout the essay are: anthropocentrism, cowboy, culture, dualism, nature and sheepherder. My initial theory is that even though it might not be intended, a nature and culture dualism is present in The Solace of Open Spaces. I base the assumption on my belief that all humans objectify nature and see nature as a possession. The aim of the essay is to establish whether there is a nature and culture dualism present in The Solace of Open Spaces.

In vielen Städten wird zurzeit der Versuch unternommen, Staudenpflanzungen zur Steigerung der Qualität des Stadtbildes einzubringen. Die Pflanzungen sollen einem gewissen Qualitätsstandard genügen und gleichzeitig soll ihre Pflege möglichst geringe Kosten verursachen. In vorliegender Untersuchung wurden ästhetische und pflegerische Aspekte von Staudenpflanzun¬gen im Hinblick auf ihre Anwendung für das öffentliche Grün untersucht. Dabei ging es in erster Linie darum, das Verhältnis zwischen der ästhetischen Wirkung von Pflanzungen unterschiedlicher Artenzahl zum Pflegeaufwand zu ermitteln. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss eines zusätzlichen Rück-schnittes einzelner Arten im Sommer auf die genannten Faktoren untersucht. Um zu einem differenzierten Bild zu gelangen wurde außerdem eruiert, welche Rolle der Flächendeckungsgrad, die unerwünschte Beiflora sowie Krankheiten in diesem Kontext spielen.

<p>As the population of the earth expands the natural world shrinks in order to give space to our growing population. This is a problem since humans have a big part in the destruction of natural habitats. In Gretel Ehrlich’s The Solace of Open Spaces we find a close interaction between human culture and nature. The Solace of Open Spaces can be categorized as creative non fiction, and with this is mind I intend to employ a theoretical approach called ecocriticism when analyzing The Solace of Open Spaces. The following essay will examine how the narrator of The Solace of Open Spaces has depicted the relation between nature and culture. The study will be conducted by a close reading of The Solace of Open Spaces. Other than the close reading a series of important articles and websites have been consulted for further information regarding certain keywords and concepts. Important keywords which are found throughout the essay are: anthropocentrism, cowboy, culture, dualism, nature and sheepherder. My initial theory is that even though it might not be intended, a nature and culture dualism is present in The Solace of Open Spaces. I base the assumption on my belief that all humans objectify nature and see nature as a possession. The aim of the essay is to establish whether there is a nature and culture dualism present in The Solace of Open Spaces.</p>

Though Hong Kong has considerable green spaces, the enclosed, nice urban landscape is usually too symbolic for deep rest while the joyful natural park lacks setting for people to have long stay and deep enjoyment. I would like to take the opportunity of the thesis to research and discuss of a place where the landscape could be blurred with human intervention providing space for people to sustainable stay, enjoy nature and relax from the high density, high speed, and high-pressured urban life. Meanwhile, the local setting will be blurred in to the landscape as a feature that enhance the interaction between human and nature as well. It will be a space for people frequently and easier to be back to nature, a place for people to calm, clear, and pure their minds and heart, and a location to build a sustainable and harmonious relationship between people and nature. A meditation field is defined as such a place in my design. Blurring landscape is a new approach in this design where the blurring landscape layer turns the original site constrains into opportunity and sustainable human stay, and on the other hand, it enhances the interactive landscape feature for deep relax and completion through five senses. / published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design