The main aim of this research is to develop a list of principles relevant to the design of neighbourhoods and in particular neighbourhood centres in Tehran. The study embodies two main phases, a literature review and a survey. During the literature review various dimensions of a neighbourhood centre are explored among both 'prescriptive' and 'explanatory' theories in architecture and urban design. Attempts are made to extract the essence and concepts of individual projects among the prescriptive resources, while the investigations of explanatory resources are focused on finding concepts and ideas which are applicable to design. The characteristics of neighbourhood centres are then classified into three categories called functional, perceptual and operational. These categories embody different sections which are separately studied among the literature and design principles are derived out of the writings and presented at the end of each section. Finally, a provisional list of principles is developed as the result of the literature review. The survey is designed to examine the above principles in the real world in two contrasting neighbourhood centres in Tehran. Face-to-face interviews with the residents of the neighbourhoods, together with the observation of cases, comprise the research instruments. The interviews are based on qualitative open-ended questions in order to find out the characteristics of the centres which the residents mostly appreciated or disliked. A checklist is formulated to explore design factors out of the survey responses. The design principles resulting from the survey are then compared with the initial list. The outcome of the research is the final list of generic principles which draws together the results of the literature investigation and the survey. These principles are primarily aimed at those directly engaged in the design of neighbourhood centres such as architects and urban designers. It also includes information for the management body of the centres. For the ease of users the principles are classified into ten sections under the three main categories mentioned above. Along with the above results, there are some secondary findings about the respondents' differences in perception and evaluation of their neighbourhood centre which are presented in the concluding chapter of the thesis. The study intends to decrease the gap between theoretical research and practical work by presenting design principles, extracted from the conceptual theories, that can be easily used by designers. Based on both theoretical and empirical approaches, it also helps to draw attention to the importance of neighbourhood centres in enhancing the quality of day-to-day lives of the city inhabitants.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering. / In today’s business environment, increased competition, market globalisation, increased customer demands and accelerated technologies require organisations to focus on efficiency in every aspect of their operations. Many studies in operations management have focused on the improvement of operational performance, including reduction of process variability, increasing flexibility or implementing controls in operations. However, managing the risk in operations seems to have been neglected by researchers. Hence, there are two major objectives of this study. The first objective is to investigate the use of the operational risk management (ORM) systems in Australia and study the factors that have an impact on effective operational risk management. Then, based on the identified factors, the second objective is to develop an ORM system implementation model and guideline for Australian organisations. A review of the ORM systems and its implementation was conducted. As a result of this investigation, a definition of ORM system in this study was formulated and the factors of effective ORM system implementation were identified as a basis for the next stage of this study. An investigation of the factors of ORM system implementation was then carried out. An extensive questionnaire survey was used to collect empirical data from Australian organisations. Statistical analysis results and feedback from experts was used to develop an applicable model and guideline for ORM system implementation. The main outcome of this study is a proposed model and guideline for ORM system implementation in Australian organisations, which will assist the organisation to manage operational risks more effectively and provide motivation for carrying out further research in ORM.

Quality of life (QOL) has been chosen as an outcome measure by various agencies of the United States federal government and has been employed to an increasing extent by healthcare researchers when evaluating various courses of treatment or health promotion interventions. In light of the increasing ubiquitousness of QOL, one can conclude there exists a commonly employed and accepted conceptual understanding of its meaning. A systematic review of the literature focusing on quality of life published between January 1990 and January 2004 was conducted in an effort to discover this definition. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined in the study, a population of 503 articles was identified for potential inclusion. From this population a random sample of 50 articles was selected for further review, with an emphasis placed on the conceptual and operational definitions of quality of life employed in the various studies. Twenty of the articles contained some conceptual discussion of quality of life and 38 contained some operational discussion. Although many articles contained some discussion of the term, little agreement with regard to its meaning and measurement was found. The only acknowledged fact in the majority of the articles concerns the subjective, multi-faceted nature of quality of life and its inherent measurement difficulties. As a result of this work, and because of this lack of cohesion in the understanding of the conceptual issues involved, the following conceptual definition has been proposed. Quality of life is a measure of an individual??s ability to function physically, emotionally and socially within his/her environment at a level consistent with his/her own expectations.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att ta fram en modell för att attrahera innovationsmöjligheter till Munktell Science Park i Eskilstuna. Detta gjorde författarna genom att från befintliga teorier deducera fram en hypotetisk modell. Modellen används inte för att skapa innovationer utan för att hitta komplexa problem. Det är lösningarna på de komplexa problemen som i sin tur kan vara innovationerna. Därför har vi kallat de komplexa problemen för innovationsmöjligheter.

In order to cope with the operational risk resulting from drastic changes of financial market and diversified financial products (e.g. product design, training for sales personnel, risk management, etc.), Basel Committee on Banking Supervision¡]BCBS¡^decided that, under the minimum capital requirement, the banking groups are requested to increase the operational risk capital requirement, which will be implemented in the banking business by the end of 2006. The operational risk, defined by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision¡]BCBS¡^is ¡§the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events¡¨. Although the scope of the operational risk has been narrowed down, the definition is still ambiguous to the banking groups. The operational risk needs to be clearly distinguished from the credit risk and the market risk such that categorization and quantification of the banking business can be realized. In fact, besides the natural disasters and irresistible causes, most of operational risk results from the failure of internal control and policy execution rather than from causes of systemic risks. Therefore, it is inappropriate to apply the same risk coefficient to the banking groups without taking their operation quality and scale into consideration. It is also questionable that the capital requirement can entirely offset the financial loss caused by the operational risk. In order to minimize the loss from the operational risk, risk mitigation should be applied. The strategy is to collect the historical data and information to establish a database, which is commonly found in the following four approaches in performing the operational risk capital requirement¡GBasic Indicator Approach ¡]BIA¡^, Standardized Approach¡]SA¡^, Alternative Standardized Approach¡]ASA¡^, Advanced Measurement Approaches¡]AMA¡^. Hence, it is inevitable that the banking groups need to invest substantial amount of manpower and capital, which could become a huge burden to the banking groups but is the price to pay to arouse the banking groups¡¦ attention to reinforce the risk management and evaluation. Establishment of the systems and execution of the policies will not always be impeccable and there will always be room for discussion and modification. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal for the management is to well-operate the banking groups and maximize the shareholders benefit.

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Quality of life (QOL) has been chosen as an outcome measure by various agencies of the United States federal government and has been employed to an increasing extent by healthcare researchers when evaluating various courses of treatment or health promotion interventions. In light of the increasing ubiquitousness of QOL, one can conclude there exists a commonly employed and accepted conceptual understanding of its meaning. A systematic review of the literature focusing on quality of life published between January 1990 and January 2004 was conducted in an effort to discover this definition. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined in the study, a population of 503 articles was identified for potential inclusion. From this population a random sample of 50 articles was selected for further review, with an emphasis placed on the conceptual and operational definitions of quality of life employed in the various studies. Twenty of the articles contained some conceptual discussion of quality of life and 38 contained some operational discussion. Although many articles contained some discussion of the term, little agreement with regard to its meaning and measurement was found. The only acknowledged fact in the majority of the articles concerns the subjective, multi-faceted nature of quality of life and its inherent measurement difficulties. As a result of this work, and because of this lack of cohesion in the understanding of the conceptual issues involved, the following conceptual definition has been proposed. Quality of life is a measure of an individual??s ability to function physically, emotionally and socially within his/her environment at a level consistent with his/her own expectations.

No description available.

Studien omfattar ämnesområdena luftburen försörjning, logistikkoncept, operativ och taktisk logistik. Då försörjning av förband påverkas av insatsens operationsplan, den fysiska miljön och den hotbild som råder, är det en nödvändighet att det logistikkoncept som styr hur understödet genomförs är av en robust och adaptiv karaktär.Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad ett logistikkoncept vinner på att ha luftburen förnödenhetsförsörjning som en ingående parameter samt att undersöka hur Försvarsmaktens marktaktiska förband påverkas av att understödjas av ett sådant koncept.Studiens empiri utgår huvudsakligen från de svenska Försvarsmakts doktriner och dokument vilken kompletteras genom intervjuer samt utländsk stödlitteratur. Analysverktyget utgår ifrån Moshe Kress teori om Operational Logistics. I studien analyseras logistikkoncept som tillämpats vid tre olika insatser.Av studiens analys framgår att ett logistikkoncept svårligen kan vara av robust och adaptiv karaktär om konceptet saknar möjligheten att tillämpa luftburen försörjning som metod. En viktig slutsats är att metoden kan öka understödda förbands förmåga till uthållighet och verkan.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering. / In today’s business environment, increased competition, market globalisation, increased customer demands and accelerated technologies require organisations to focus on efficiency in every aspect of their operations. Many studies in operations management have focused on the improvement of operational performance, including reduction of process variability, increasing flexibility or implementing controls in operations. However, managing the risk in operations seems to have been neglected by researchers. Hence, there are two major objectives of this study. The first objective is to investigate the use of the operational risk management (ORM) systems in Australia and study the factors that have an impact on effective operational risk management. Then, based on the identified factors, the second objective is to develop an ORM system implementation model and guideline for Australian organisations. A review of the ORM systems and its implementation was conducted. As a result of this investigation, a definition of ORM system in this study was formulated and the factors of effective ORM system implementation were identified as a basis for the next stage of this study. An investigation of the factors of ORM system implementation was then carried out. An extensive questionnaire survey was used to collect empirical data from Australian organisations. Statistical analysis results and feedback from experts was used to develop an applicable model and guideline for ORM system implementation. The main outcome of this study is a proposed model and guideline for ORM system implementation in Australian organisations, which will assist the organisation to manage operational risks more effectively and provide motivation for carrying out further research in ORM.