Background Following the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing (a purposeful physical gap between individuals) was adopted as a sound preventative approach, necessitating remote working. Information Computer Technologies enables, to a large extent, employees to operate practically anywhere and at any time. This shift in working mode from proximity to remote has resulted in a significant and abrupt shift in how businesses operate. Furthermore, teleworking was inevitable, but the pandemic has made it mandatory. International NonGovernmental Organizations were among the organizations that have shifted partially or totally to remote work within their local teams. These organizations have a key, but not visited, role in the societies and have partnerships with business organizations. Yet, they are forgotten about researching the remote work phenomena evolved by the pandemic. Aim Our research aims to shed light on the elements of the remote work in the INGOs, including enablers and inhibitors of this phenomenon concerning INGOs management and leadership, as well as the opportunities and the challenges created as a result of it.  Methodology A phenomenological study to compose the expressions of the INGOs managers in working totally remotely in response to COVID/19. This study is conducted using an exploratory qualitative approach by interviewing five managers of Norwegian INGOs  Findings The research exposes areas in managing remote work, such as age in employees' isolation in virtual teams. The INGOs managers have very human-centered perspectives on managing work remotely. The deep human perspective is driven by the vision and goals of INGOs of helping people. The inputs of the INGOs leaders focused on the importance of trust, social relations, freedom, and the well-being of employees.  Contribution From a more helicopter view, the research is an inspiration for learning from INGOs in relation to research in remote work. Up to our research capacity, this research is the first to explore the phenomena of remote work in INGOs in general and certainly in Norway. Practically. Our research might encourage INGO managers to recognize the need to acknowledge the unique characteristics of remote work. Ultimately, the research might help them identify capacitybuilding training for managers and emerging leaders to lead their teams better and include remote work requirements in the proposals for the donors. The organization plans to assign funds for this purpose.  Limitations Cultural limitations as the study were conducted in one country. Limitations related to the data collection as the sample size is small and covers the managers' perception only. Not to mention the age of the managers, which should have an impact on their perspectives. As well as the superficial knowledge and consideration of management issues and remote leadership in INGOs led to difficulty in getting their perceptions. The limitations related to qualitative research and online interviews.

The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlights the great threats of climate change. The chemical industry, including the pharmaceutical sector, is one of the significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), representing nearly 7% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For this industry to reach net-zero emissions of CO2, measures beyond mitigation actions need to be taken. This thesis investigates the elimination of CO2 emissions in the Swedish pharmaceutical sector and evaluates the implementation of the rather new technology of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), using currently available amine-based post-combustion processes. This thesis presents a comprehensive assessment of different criteria based on the PESTLE (Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) framework and considers their relative importance from a company perspective. Two alternative scenarios based on the emissions goals set by the case company are developed and evaluated through this Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)-based PESTLE framework. BECCS deployment targeting net negative emissions would be preferable for the case company since it offers benefits in environmental, social and long-term economical aspects. From the economic aspect, the specific cost for capturing CO2 could be around 1281 SEK per tonne, higher than the present European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) price and typical investment cost for afforestation projects. Most opportunities are identified within the environmental and social aspects, but some economic, technological and regulatory challenges should be addressed to realise the BECCS implementation in the Swedish Pharmaceutical Industry. / Den senaste rapporten från Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change belyser de stora hoten med klimatförändringar. Den kemiska industrin, inklusive läkemedelssektorn, är en av de betydande bidragarna till de globala växthusgasutsläppen , som står för nästan 7 % av deglobala koldioxidutsläppen (CO2). För att denna industri ska nå nettonollutsläpp av CO2 måste åtgärder vidtas utöver begränsningsåtgärder. Detta examensarbete undersöker eliminering av CO2-utsläpp i den svenska läkemedelssektorn och utvärderarimplementeringen av den relativt nya teknologin, koldioxidlagring från biomassa, med hjälpav tillgängliga aminbaserade efterförbränningsprocesser. Detta examensarbete presenterar en omfattande bedömning av olika kriterier baserade på PESTLE (politiska, ekonomiska, sociala, tekniska, juridiska och miljömässiga) ramar och tar hänsyn till deras relativa betydelse ur ett företagsperspektiv. Två alternativa scenarier baserade på utsläppsmålen som ställts upp av företaget utvecklas och utvärderas genom detta multikriterie-baserade PESTLE-ramverket. Koldioxidlagring med inriktning på negativa utsläpp skulle vara att föredra för företaget eftersom det erbjuder fördelar i miljömässiga, sociala och långsiktiga ekonomiska aspekter. Ur den ekonomiska aspekten kan den specifika kostnaden för att fånga upp CO2 vara cirka 1 281 SEK per ton, högre än det nuvarande priset för Europeiska unionens utsläppshandelssystem (EU ETS) och den typiska investeringskostnaden för skogsplanteringsprojekt. De flesta möjligheter identifieras inom den miljömässiga och sociala aspekten, men vissa ekonomiska, tekniska och regulatoriska utmaningar bör lösas för att förverkliga implementeringen av koldioxidlagring i svensk läkemedelsindustri.