Nichtlineare Frequenzumsetzung der niederenergetischen femtosekunden Laserpulsen wurde in den Festkörpermitteln nachgeforscht. Ramanumwandlung im weiss-Licht-freien Regime des impulsiven stimulierten Raman Streuungs wurde erzielt, indem man KGW-Kristall mit den Bessel-Lichtstrahl pumpte. Leistungs-fähiges Superkontinuumerzeugung wurde für die sub-microjule Pulse demonstriert, die in Mikrostrukturfaser fokussiert wurden. Anwendung von Vier-Wellen-Mischung Techniken zur Überwachung der Aufregenzustandsdynamik in den mehratomigen Molekülen wurde demonstriert. Zeitkonstanten der Prozesse, die auf Schwingungsenergiewiederverteilung nach dem ursprunglichen Photoanregung von Stilben-3 bezogen wurden, wurden mittels der Pump-CARS Technik festgestellt, in der CARS-Prozess als wirkungsvoller Modus-vorgewählter Filter diente. Spektrale sowie zeitliche Eigenschaften der elektronischen Entspannungbahnen in den Azulenderivats wurden erforscht, indem man vergänglichen-Bevölkerungs-Gittern und Pump-Probe vergänglichen Absorptions Techniken verwendete. / Nonlinear frequency conversion of low-energy fs laser pulses was investigated in solid-state media. Raman conversion in the white-light-free regime of impulsive stimulated Raman scattering was achieved by pumping KGW crystal with Bessel beam. Efficient supercontinuum generation was demonstrated for sub-microjule pulses focused into microstructure fiber. Application of four-wave mixing techniques to monitoring of the excited-state dynamics in polyatomic molecules was demonstrated. Time constants of the processes related to vibrational energy redistribution upon the initial photoexcitation of stilbene-3 were determined by means of pump-CARS technique, where CARS process served as an effective mode-selective filter. Spectral as well as temporal properties of electronic relaxation pathway in azulene derivatives were explored by using transient population gratings and pump-probe transient absorption techniques.

Since the surprising first detection of small carbon cluster dianions by Compton et al 1990, several studies have been made investigating their structure, fragmentation pathways and stability. As other carbon anions have been found in space, it is likely that these dianions exists as well and their ability to react with other molecules is therefore of interest. Previous studies have shown that they may survive on microsecond timescales, but it is still an open question whether they are metastable or thermodynamically stable. Therefore, this study utilizes the cyrogenic storage ring DESIREE to investigate the lifetime and stability of carbon cluster dianions Cn(2-) (n=7-10) in the new domains. Dianions were produced with a cesium ion sputtering source and their spontaneous decay Cn(2-) -> Cn(-) + e- was monitored for almost 100 ms by detection of the singly charged decay products. Also, the extra electron's tunneling probability through the repulsive coloumb barrier for C8(2-) was calculated and the lifetime for different energy states was estimated. Analyzing the DESIREE data, the lifetime of the dianions could be determined to exceed the previous concluded lifetimes of 10 us by a whole order of magnitude. The only way to detect stable ions after that would be if they collided with rest gas and due to good vacuum, this eventual signal is too low. Probably due to varying structures, an alternating pattern was found, dianions with even n decaying slower than their odd neighbours. The fitting of power laws to the data is consistent with that the dianions were produced with a broad internal energy distribution. Calculations for C8(2-) indicated that its electron affinity had to be at least -1eV in order to agree with the experimental results. Continuing the investigations, future studies could, after sufficient time, use DESIREE in an alternative way, allowing detection of possible stable dianions.

No description available.

Cavity enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy is a technique that allows for quick and sensitive measurements of molecular absorption spectra. Locking the comb lines of an optical frequency comb to the cavity modes of an enhancement cavity and then extracting the spectral information with a Fourier transform spectrometer grants easy access to wide segments of absorption spectra. One of the main obstacles complicating the analysis of the measurements is the inevitable dispersion occurring inside the cavity. In this project, absorption measurements of CO2 were performed using an existing and well established setup consisting of a near-infrared optical frequency comb locked to a Fabry- Pérot enhancement cavity using the Pound-Drever-Hall technique, and a Fourier transform spectrometer. The purpose was to improve theoretical models of the measured absorption spectra by creating and verifying a model for the cavity dispersion, stemming mostly from the cavity mirrors but also from the normal dispersion of the intracavity medium. Until now, the cavity dispersion has been treated as an unknown and was included as a fitting parameter together with the CO2 concentration when applying fits to the absorption measurements. The dispersion model was based on previously performed precise measurements of the positions of the cavity modes. The model was found to agree well with measurements. In addition, pre-calculating the dispersion drastically reduced computation time and seemed to improve the overall robustness of the fitting routine. A complicating factor was found to be small discrepancies between the locking frequencies as determined prior to the measurements and the values yielding optimum agreement with the model. These apparent shifts of the locking points were found to have a systematic dependence on the distance between the locking points. The exact cause of this was not determined but the results indicate that with the locking points separated by more than about 10nm the shifts are negligible.

Multilayered interference coatings based on titanium- and zirconium nitride and designed for solar control have been prepared using reactive d c magnetron sputtering. Preparation effects and degradation mechanisms were investigated. It was shown that the quality of the nitride strongly depends on the degree of crystallinity in the underlying oxide. It has been shown that the nitride layer partly oxidizes as the top oxide layer is deposited. The degradation is enhanced with temperature. A thin sacrificial layer of aluminium deposited between successive depositions of nitride and oxide is shown to improve the optical performance of the coating as preparedm as well as after accelerated ageing tests. The optical properties of opaque and semitransparent films of zirconium nitride have been studied. A thorough investigation of the influence of composition, deposition rate, substrate temperature and film thickness on the optical response of the film was performed. Both photometric and ellipsometric methods were used to determine thicknesses and the optical constants at wavelengths ranging from 0.23 to 25 μm. The resulting values of n and k, in the wavelength intervals where these independent methods are applicable, have been shown to agree extremely well. The results so far indicate an even larger potential for zirconium nitride based solar control coatings as compared to the titanium nitride based. Access to optical constants derived from films of zirconium nitride of variable quality made multilayer modelling a powerful tool in the design and analysis of solar control coatings.

This work deals with nonlinear optics with wavefront controlled ultra-short laser pulses. The effects studied are self-phase modulation due to filamentation of ultra-short laser pulses and high-order harmonic generation in a jet of noble gas. Additionally, a way to optimize the spectral brilliance of the high-order harmonic source is studied by measuring the spectrum and wavefront of the generated XUV beam. / Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit nichtlinearer Optik mit wellenfront-gesteuerten ultrakurzen Laserpulsen. Die untersuchten nichtlinearen Effekte sind die Selbstphasenmodulation in einem Filament und die Erzeugung von hohen Harmonischen in einem Edelgasjet. Weiterhin wird eine Methode zur Optimierung der spektralen Brillanz der Hohen-Harmonischen Quelle untersucht. Die spektrale Brillanz wird mit Hilfe des Spektrums und der Wellenfront des erzeugten XUV-Strahls bestimmt.

<p>The purpose of the diploma work is to investigate the possibilities to combine three different areas; reflectometry, microfluidics and laser ablation in a microstructured single-mode fiber, thus obtaining a controlled technique for positioning for ablation and collection of liquids from small inclusions.</p><p>Each of the three areas is thoroughly described in different sections of this report. The first part of the experiments in this diploma work consisted of combining reflectometry and microfluidics, the second part combining reflectometry with laser ablation and the final experiment setup consisted of a combination of all three areas. An artificial system for liquid collection was then designed for that purpose.</p><p>The results obtained from experiments and measurements clearly demonstrate that combining reflectometry, laser ablation and fluid collection in a single optical fiber is promising. Future work will include improvements of the technique towards a medical application for bone marrow transplantation.</p>

The purpose of the diploma work is to investigate the possibilities to combine three different areas; reflectometry, microfluidics and laser ablation in a microstructured single-mode fiber, thus obtaining a controlled technique for positioning for ablation and collection of liquids from small inclusions. Each of the three areas is thoroughly described in different sections of this report. The first part of the experiments in this diploma work consisted of combining reflectometry and microfluidics, the second part combining reflectometry with laser ablation and the final experiment setup consisted of a combination of all three areas. An artificial system for liquid collection was then designed for that purpose. The results obtained from experiments and measurements clearly demonstrate that combining reflectometry, laser ablation and fluid collection in a single optical fiber is promising. Future work will include improvements of the technique towards a medical application for bone marrow transplantation.

Zugl.: Potsdam, Universiẗat, Diss.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.