This thesis is about the problem of searching an interval that enclose all op- timal values of the objective function in interval linear programming, so called the optimal value range. The solution to this problem is sometimes reduced to solving just a few linear programs but in general it is a hard problem. Af- ter we get familiar with interval arithmetics and when we extend it to linear programming, we define important sets and their properties, B-stability and other connected subproblems. We will extend B-stability to generalized interval linear programming and we will examine methods for computing the optimal value range and we will compare them numerically on random systems. The goal is to implement all mentioned methods in MATLAB/INTLAB and based on numerical results provide one function that will solve this problem, possible efficiently. 1

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tomio Ogassavara.pdf: 943190 bytes, checksum: 559c3e282d74eb3a6c608ba1cf10e073 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-21 / Due to the economies and markets globalization, the information technology has increased its participation in all areas of business, creating new challenges for business management. On this context the controller responsible for providing and managing the information systems control and performance evaluation of the company needs to increase his participation on investment management of information technology. IT Governance has become well known, especially after Sarbanes-Oxley law has been implemented by organizations in order to gain better IT control management and attend demands from control´s organizations. This study aims to verify how the controller evaluates and manages IT investments, as well as his uses IT governance structure outlined in VAL IT. The research methodology used was qualitative research and exploratory-descriptive type. The data collections were used questionnaires and interviews. In questionnaire was used the Maturity Model. The research was conducted in European conglomerate business located in Mercosur operating on segments like plastics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The literature revision procedures applied in this study used literature research, documents, materials published in books, magazines, specialized dictionaries, theses, dissertations and internet / Com a globalização das economias e mercados, a tecnologia da informação vem aumentado a sua participação em todas as áreas de negócios, criando novos desafios para os gestores das empresas. Neste contexto a Controladoria responsável pelo fornecimento e gestão dos sistemas de informações de controle e avaliação de desempenho da empresa precisa participar cada vez mais da gestão dos investimentos da tecnologia da informação das organizações. A Governança de TI que se tornou mais conhecida, principalmente após a Lei Sarbanes-Oxley, tem sido implementada por organizações que buscam obter melhor controle de gestão em TI, além de atender os órgãos de controle. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar como a controladoria analisa e faz gestão dos investimentos em TI, bem como se faz uso da estrutura de governança de TI preconizadas no VAL IT. A metodologia da pesquisa utilizada foi a qualitativa e o tipo de pesquisa exploratório-descritiva. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionário e entrevistas. No questionário utilizou-se o Modelo de Maturidade. A pesquisa foi efetuada em um conglomerado empresarial europeu atuante no Mercosul com participação no segmento plástico, químico e farmacêutico. Foi efetuada também uma revisão da literatura e se deu por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, materiais publicados em livros, revistas, dicionários especializados, teses, dissertações e em meio eletrônico

Objectives of thesis: 1.To evaluate the effect of pH and total hardness of water on the development of eggs in aquarium fish Corydoras paleatus, Corydoras paleatus albin, Tanichthys albonubes, Tanichthys albonubes gold, Aphyosemion gardneri, Aphyosemion gardneri gold. 2.Recommendation of optimal values of total hardness of water and pH for successful development of eggs for each monitored aquarium fish. Based on published data in available literature sources and on own experiments, it was evaluated how total water hardness (CM) and pH influences development of aquarium fish eggs of Aphyosemion gardneri, Aphyosemion gardneri gold, Tanichthys albonubes, Tanichthys albonubes gold, Corydoras paleatus, Corydoras paleatus albin.

Considering the rapid increase in the ICT (Information & Communication Technology) products in use, there is a risk of an increase in GHG emissions and electronic waste accumulation in the ICT sector. Therefore, it becomes important to account for the emissions in the ICT sector in order to take steps to mitigate them. There are several methods put forward under ETSI, ITU-T, GHG protocol, etc., which can be used to measure the emissions in the ICT sector. Two such methods are Product Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA) and Spend-based, which are used in this study to account for scope 3, category 1 emissions in the ICT sector. Scope 3, category 1 emissions are released during the raw material acquisition and part production phase of the ICT product’s life cycle and account for a major portion of the overall emissions. As the ICT sector is a very huge field of study in itself, two ICT products, namely smartphones and laptops, are considered in this study to calculate their overall scope 3, category 1 emissions. A list of influential components in smartphones and laptops is defined to be included in the Excel Management Life Cycle Assessment (EMLCA) tool to calculate the scope 3, category 1 emissions. A comprehensive comparison between PLCA and Spend-based methods is also studied during the process of calculating their emissions. These observations are then used to make critical analyses and compare the two methods under results and discussions based on various parameters described under them. Both the methods were found to be suitable for calculating the emissions, with some uncertainty, although the Spend-based method was a quicker approach to do so. The PLCA method, although more complex, was found to be more suitable for ICT product eco-design. Both methods required a different set of primary data and were sensitive to various components in smartphones and laptops. This study illustrates the parameters that affect PLCA and Spend-based methods and discusses the pros and cons of them depending on the situations they are used in.