Au cours des dernières décennies, la complexité croissante des systèmes de production et de leur commande a rendu crucial le besoin d’utiliser les méthodes formelles pour faire face aux problèmes relatifs au contrôle, à la fiabilité, au diagnostic des fautes et à l’utilisation optimale des ressources dans les installations de production. Cela concerne en particulier les systèmes automatisés de production (SAP), caractérisés par des cycles technologiques complexes qui doivent s’adapter à des conditions changeantes. Les SAP modernes sont des sous-systèmes interconnectés tels que des machines à commande numérique, des stations d'assemblage , des véhicules guidés automatisés (AGV), des cellules robotisées, des convoyeurs et des systèmes de contrôle par ordinateur. Les fabricants utilisent des machines automatisées et des contrôleurs pour assurer des produits de qualité plus rapidement et plus efficacement. Aussi, ces systèmes automatisés peuvent fournir des informations essentielles pour aider les gestionnaires à prendre les bonnes décisions. Cependant, en raison de la grande flexibilité des SAP, des défaillances telles qu’un mauvais assemblage ou le dépôt d’une pièce dans un tampon inapproprié peuvent se produire lors du fonctionnement du système. De tels dysfonctionnements diminuent la productivité du système générant ainsi des pertes économiques et des effets perturbateurs sur le système. En conséquence, le problème de l’optimisation des performances des SAP est impératif.Cette thèse se focalise sur l’évaluation et l’optimisation des performances des systèmes de production automatisés via le modèle des réseaux de Pétri temporisés. / In the last decades, there has been a constant increase in the awareness of company management about the importance of formal techniques in industrial settings to address problems related to monitoring and reliability, fault diagnosis, and optimal use of resources, during the management of plants. Of particular relevance in this setting are the so-called Automated Manufacturing Systems (AMSs), which are characterized by complex technological cycles that must adapt to changing demands. Modern AMSs are interconnected subsystems such as numerically controlled machines, assembly stations, automated guided vehicles, robots, conveyors and computer control systems. Manufacturers are using automated machines and controls to produce quality products faster and more efficiently. Meanwhile, these automated systems can provide critical information to help managers make good business decisions. However, due to the high flexibility of AMSs, failures such as a wrong assembly or a part put in a wrong buffer may happen during the operation of the system. Such failures may decrease the productivity of the system which has an economical consequence and can cause a series of disturbing issues. As a result, the performance optimization in AMSs are imperative. This thesis focuses on the performance evaluation and performance optimization of automated manufacturing systems using timed Petri nets models.

Effective maintenance planning is essential and important in any organisation that is responsible for procuring and managing complex assets. In the marine shipping industry maintenance planning is very significant due to its complexity and the obligations on shipping organisations to comply with certain regulations and requirements. Moreover, improper planning can reduce the ship's availability, which may in turn, be reflected in the revenue of the company. Another issue that requires attention in this field is the cost of maintenance, since improper or inadequate planning could result in breakdowns that could increase the cost of maintenance.This research aims to identify the key factors that affect ship maintenance planning and to provide a framework that can help the decision maker to identify and choose optimum decisions regarding ship maintenance. The research is divided into four stages in order to achieve its objectives and to address the research problem.The first stage is the review of the literature to identify the need for maintenance and to select the key factors that affect maintenance planning. The findings indicate that: maintenance scheduling, selection of maintenance strategy, ship construction, crew compensation, and shipyard selection are the most important factors.The second stage is to evaluate maintenance performance measurements for the marine shipping industry by conducting case study and interviews with professionals involved in the mercantile industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six senior staff experts from three different organisations. The results show that: dry docking scheduling, maintenance costs and budgets, customer satisfaction, employees' satisfaction, classification requirements, and the ship's maintenance requirements are the main factors that have great influence on maintenance planning.The third stage is to develop new methodology to measure the maintenance performance in the marine shipping organisation which is the ship maintenance performance measurement (SMPM) framework. The developed method was validated to assist managers in making the right decisions in ship maintenance planning. The framework was developed based on ten thematic criteria that can be used as indicators for potential organisation growth, i.e., maintenance strategy; dry docking scheduling; budget and costs; the ship's equipment; customer satisfaction; employees; health, safety and environment; learning and growth; classification requirements; and the ship's operation and demands requirements. Interviews were conducted with key personnel from the Kuwait Oil Tanker Company (KOTC) to validate the framework.The fourth stage demonstrates that an optimised schedule for the dry docking of ships for routine maintenance has been constructed. This is accomplished on the basis of one measured criterion, dry docking scheduling, by using an integer programming model to maximise the ship's availability within the company fleet. The model is defined by three constraints: the maintenance window, maintenance completion, and the ship's limit. The model was validated using data from KOTC, and the results depict an optimum solution for maintenance scheduling, maximising the ship's availability to 100% and not less than 92%.

Cette étude se propose d’analyser le comportement du double rotor contra-rotatif caréné dans lecadre des échelles réduites des microdrones, pour exploiter le potentiel d’amélioration desperformances stationnaires des rotors libres. La demande d’une performance propulsive de hautniveau, alors que les échelles sont très réduites constitue un véritable défi scientifique. De façongénérale, par rapport au rotor libre, l’ajout de la carène permet de piloter la contraction del’écoulement et offre un potentiel de poussée de carène. La tuyère par sa condition d’adaptationpilote le débit entrant à puissance donnée. L’augmentation du débit massique, par comparaison ausystème de rotor libre, amplifie la poussée à travers la dépression distribuée sur toute la surface decaptation. Pour comprendre les lois de fonctionnement d’un système propulsif caréné, il a d’abord été proposé un modèle théorique simplifié basé sur une extension de la théorie de Froude pour les rotors libres: le système rotor est assimilé à un disque actuateur, générateur de débit dans une conduite à section variable. Une simulation Navier Stokes 2D axisymétrique a permis d’optimiser les paramètres de forme du carénage. Les simulations ont confirmé l’influence déterminante des sections d’entrée et de sortie, et relativisé l’impact des formes possibles, pourvu que les variations de sections limitent le décollement de la couche limite. Après conception d’un banc d’essai utilisant un doublet de rotor coaxial placé dans cette carène optimisée, l’étude expérimentale complète et confirme les performances globales du système et qualifie l’écoulement méridien. Enfin, une simulation 3D instationnaire a été entreprise pour compléter l’analyse de l’écoulement autour des rotors. / This study aims to analyze the behavior of shrouded, contrarotating coaxial rotor in the reducedMAVs’ scale in order to exploit its potential to improve the free rotor steady performance. The highhover ability under low operational Reynolds number is therefore, a scientific challenge. Generally,comparing with free rotor, the addition of the shroud decreases the flow contraction and gives thepotential to generate an extra thrust. A suitable nozzle can control the mass flow for a given power.The increased mass flow, comparing with free rotor, amplifies the thrust offered by the lowpressure formed at the air entrance. To understand the principals of shrouded propulsion system, a simplified theory model was first proposed through the extension of Froude theory for free rotors: the double rotor is initially treated as an actuator disk, generating the flow at varied sections through the shroud passage. A 2D simulation which accounts for an axial flow of viscous effects within the actual shroud profile, confirmed effects of all defined geometrical parameters. It further demonstrated that within the non-stalling region of the different crosssections, shroud shape and inlet shape do not have asignificant impact on performance. The experimental study, carried out with coaxial rotor, contributed to the confirmation of the overall performance and the approximation of the flow field through the shroud. Meanwhile, the 3D simulation, developed to better model the actual coaxial rotor in counter rotation, was validated to well solve the steady performance. It was applied to complement the analysis of the flow around the coaxial rotor.