Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-02-22T16:57:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5988631 bytes, checksum: 314b39bf2aa105504037fab5a55b30a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T16:57:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5988631 bytes, checksum: 314b39bf2aa105504037fab5a55b30a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A palma é uma espécie muito cultivada no Nordeste brasileiro para fins de alimentação animal, em especial no semiárido, onde a baixa disponibilidade hídrica, alta temperatura e solos com pouca fertilidade dificultam o cultivo de outras plantas forrageiras. O seu bom desempenho, nesses ambientes, deve-se ao metabolismo fotossintético MAC (Metabolismo Ácido das Crassuláceas), que induz a planta a modificações morfológicas e de trocas de massa e energia ao longo do ano como resultado das condições meteorológicas, afetando, assim, a interação planta-ambiente. No presente estudo, investigou-se os processos e padrões dos fluxos de radiação, energia e água, e suas partições no sistema solo-palma-atmosfera em resposta à variação sazonal do regime hídrico e evolução do crescimento da espécie Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. O experimento foi conduzido no período de 10 de dezembro de 2015 a 09 de dezembro de 2016, no município de Floresta, no estado de Pernambuco. Uma torre micrometeorológica foi montada para coleta de dados a partir de sensores eletrônicos. Os fluxos de calor latente (LE) e sensível (H) foram estimados pelo método do balanço de energia com base na razão de Bowen e o controle da evapotranspiração analisado por de água no solo (CAS) e seu o escoamento foram obtidos para mensuração do balanço de água no solo (BWS). Dados biométricos e o índice de área do cladódio (IAC, m 2 m -2 ) foram obtidos. Os dados experimentais foram agrupados e analisados em períodos denominados: "seco", "chuvoso", "transição seco-chuvosos" e "transição chuvoso-seco". Consstatou-se que a sazonalidade da maioria dos componentes dos balanços de radiação e energia esteve retenção de energia no sistema, com uma elevada média do saldo de radiação (13,38 MJ m -2 dia -1 ) e baixa taxa da radiação refletida (2,77 MJ m -2 dia -1 ), resultando em um baixo valor de albedo (14%). O IAC influenciou significativamente na dinâmica da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa que chega abaixo da cultura (RFAb), proporcionando a menor média desse componente (2,29 MJ m -2 dia -1 ) quando houve a maior taxa desse índice, o que aumentou, nessa época, a fração da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (73%). A baixa disponibilidade hídrica da região e os distintos valores de IAC das diferentes épocas de disponibilidade hídrica fizeram com que a maior parte da energia disponível do balanço de energia fosse para o calor sensível (50%), vindo em sequência o calor latente (38%), o calor no solo (10%) e o estoque de energia na biomassa e armazenamento no dossel da cultura, além do armazenamento no dossel da cultura (1%). Além disso, o CAS acompanhou o comportamento da precipitação, com média 0,06 m 3 m -3 . Esse fator influenciou no comportamento dos componentes do BAS, uma vez que a água disponível foi mais utilizada para o armazenamento no solo e consumo pela cultura, apresentando taxas de evapotranspiração real (ETr) baixas (272,4 mm ano -1 e 0,74 mm dia -1 ). Já para os mecanismos controladores da evapotranspiração, verificou- se que os valores da resistência de superfície (r s ) apresentaram-se elevados nas épocas de menores níveis pluviométricos e o contrário para a resistência aerodinâmica (r a ). O fator de de precipitação, a cultura estava mais mais próximos de um. Em contraste, apresentou valores próximos de zero nas demais épocas, indicando que a cultura estava "acoplada com a atmosfera". / Cactus pear is a very cultivated species in the Brazilian Northeast for animal feeding purposes, especially in the semi-arid region, where low water availability, high temperature and low fertility soils make it difficult to grow other forage plants. Its good performance in these environments is due to the photosynthetic metabolism CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism), which induces the plant to morphological changes and exchanges in mass and energy throughout the year as a result of meteorological conditions, thus affecting the interaction between plant-environment. In the present study, the processes and patterns of radiation, energy and water fluxes and their partitions in the soil-palm-atmosphere system were investigated in response to the seasonal variation of the water regime and the evolution of the growth of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. The experiment was conducted in the period from December 10, 2015 to December 9, 2016, in the municipality of Floresta, in the state of Pernambuco. A micrometeorological tower was set up to collect data from electronic sensors. The latent (LE) and sensible (H) fluxes were estimated based on the energy balance method based on the Bowen ratio, and the evapotranspiration control was analyzed using the measure the soil water budget (SWB). Biometric data and the cladode area index (CAI, m 2 m -2 ) were obtained. The experimental data were grouped and analyzed in periods called "dry", "rainy", "dry-rainy transition" and "rainy-dry transition". It was verified that the seasonality of most of the components of the radiation and energy balances was associated with water availability and CAI. In the "rainy" period there was high energy retention in the system, with a high mean radiation balance (13.38 MJ m -2 day -1 ) and low reflected radiation rate (2.77 MJ m -2 day -1 ), proceeding at a low albedo value (14%). The CAI significantly influenced the dynamics of photosynthetically active radiation arriving below the culture (RFAb), giving the lowest mean of this component (2.29 MJ m -2 day -1 ) when there was the highest rate of this index, increasing in this period the fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (73%). The low water availability of the region and the different CAI values of the different times of water availability influenced in a way that most of the available energy in the energy balance was for sensible heat (50%), followed by the latent heat (38 %), soil heat (10%) and energy storage in biomass and storage in the canopy of the crop, besides storage in the canopy of the crop (1%). In addition, the SWC was affected by the precipitation behavior, with an average of 0.06 m 3 m -3 , factor that influenced the behavior of the SWB components, since the available water was more used for soil storage and crop consumption, presenting low real evapotranspiration rates (ETr) (272.4 mm year -1 and 0.74 mm day -1 ). As for the control mechanisms of evapotranspiration, it was verified that the values of the surface resistance (r s ) were elevated in times of lower rainfall levels and the opposite for the aerodynamic resistance (r a periods of higher levels of rainfall, the culture was more "decoupled to the atmosphere", with values closer to one, presenting in the other periods values close to zero, indicating that the culture was "coupled to the atmosphere".

Opuntia species have been poorly studied ecologically and taxonomically in the eastern United States. This study deals with the ecology of Opuntia species in the mid-south United States and covers not only the high degree of morphological variation exhibited by taxa, but also the taxonomy and distributions of the group for Mississippi. The taxa in the mid-south have distinct habitat preferences and can be separated based on habitat characterization. Information from this work provides valuable data useful in predicting possible routes that an invasive species, Cactoblastis cactorum (the cactus moth), might use in its potential westward migration. Phenotypic plasticity exhibited by Opuntia pusilla subjected to experimental conditions exemplifies the care that should be taken when making species delineations. Spine production in certain species is more a function of abiotic environmental pressures than genetic heritage. Two taxa that previously were put into synonymy with other species are recognized from this work.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-15T18:11:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-30T17:48:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-30T17:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utiliza??o de cact?ceas nativas e ex?ticas ao n?vel de 50% na MS de inclus?o na dieta total, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, ingest?o de ?gua, produ??o e composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do leite, com cabras em lacta??o. Foram utilizadas 5 cabras Saanen plur?paras (50?4 kg) alocadas em quadrado latino de acordo com cact?ceas fornecidas nas dietas, constando de cinco per?odos de 17 dias, sendo 10 dias de adapta??o e 7 para coleta de dados, cinco tratamentos com as seguintes cact?ceas: xiquexique, mandacaru, facheiro, palma mi?da e palma orelha de elefante mexicana. O consumo de mat?ria seca variou de 1.967,58 a 2.602,46 (g/dia) entre as cact?ceas e teve uma m?dia de 2.251,84 (g/dia). Observou-se que o consumo de mat?ria seca CMS (g/kg0,75) variou de 102,75 ? 136,78 entre as cact?ceas estudadas. O consumo de mat?ria seca (%PV) variou de 3,84 ? 5,11 com m?dia de 4,47. A produ??o de leite em (g/dia) variou de 1.692,60 a 2.090,40. O consumo de ?gua oferecida variou entre 4.549g (xiquexique) a 8.749 (palma mi?da). As cabras alimentadas com palma mi?da apresentaram-se com as maiores produ??es de leite (g/dia) com valores m?dio de 2.091. N?o houve diferen?a na composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do leite estando os teores de gordura, prote?na bruta, lactose e s?lidos totais a cima do m?nimo permitido pela legisla??o para leite de cabra no Brasil. A utiliza??o de cact?ceas ao n?vel de 50% MS na inclus?o da dieta total proporcionou consumo de nutrientes suficientes para atender as exig?ncias dos animais para a produ??o de leite sem alterar a sua composi??o f?sico-qu?mica. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the production of dairy goats fed different species of cactus. Pluriparous five Saanen goats were used, with nine weeks of lactation, and average live weight of 50 kg ? 4 kg. The animals were distributed in latin square design (5x5) with 5 diets and 5 periods. No differences (P>0,05) were observed in the DM of the experimental diets by getting average values of 2.251,84 g dia-1 , 4,46 %PV e 118,91g kg0,75 . The DM contents of the diets were 50,55 to 55,92% by presenting a maximum variation of 10% between them. A significant difference (P<0,05) water consumption way tendered, between diets with different cactus species. The treatments cactus ?Orelha de Elefante Mexicana? and Facheiro had lower water consumption compared to cactus ?Palma Mi?da. For milk yield no significant difference (P> 0,05) between diets formulated with cactus species, with an average of 1,90 kg/day treatments. The analysis of variance show a significant difference (P<0,05) among treatments for milk corrected to 4% fat and fat production. There was an effect (P<0,05) of the diets with different cactus on the crude protein (CP) and lactose in milk. All treatments with different cactus species can be used for dairy goats in view consumption have afforded sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements for milk nutrients, besides presenting the higher than levels of physical and chemical composition to minimum levels established by current legislation