Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerlaniaPS_DISSERT_1-45.pdf: 7534616 bytes, checksum: 3b9b82337add04d86bda0fd400333033 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Environmental Protection area sof Pitimbu river are important tools for planning and territorial land management. The Pitimbu river protection is aided in laws, so much of Federal stamp, as the Brazilian s Forest Code (Law No. 4771/1965), and in State s and City s Resolutions. So, this research begins in the State s Law No. 8426/2003interpretations, for being the most restrictive in the river's margin occupation and management. The objective is to analyze the applicability of the Environmental Protection areas of Pitimbu river, localized at the State of Rio Grande do Norte, considering environmental legislation and how to use this space by the man. Having specific goals for the discussion of the legislation s scope to this river; the identification of the types of soil s covering and evaluation the effectiveness of Law N?.8426/2003, as protection instrument and land management. The river is characterized by its ecological importance and for feeding the Jiqui pond, an important reservoir that supplies 30% of drinking water to the east, west and south population sof the capital of the State. Pitimbu river is passing by a process of environmental degradation, originating from actions as deforestations of its ciliary forests by intensive agricultural practices; introduction of urban and industrial effluents leading to its contamination; increase of the pluvial drainage; erosion, sedimentation and discharge of urban waste , along with pressure for urban settlements along its banks. Under the methodological point of view is part of theoretical planning and land management research, and from a vision of social and environmental spaces. It was produced a survey map of the soil s covering, with 16 classes. Divided into coverage and disturbed natural covering. Using the 300 meters spatial limits of the Environmental Protection Strip, according to the State Law. The survey highlighted a higher percentage of classes disturbed, indicating man s interference in the balance of that system, as well as the lack of environmental actions. Leading to the degradation of riparian areas, and lack of conservation of water resources. Finally, it was considered that the strips of environmental protection are not effective as the preservation and territorial ordination / As Faixas de Prote??o Ambiental do rio Pitimbu s?o importantes instrumentos para o planejamento e ordenamento do territ?rio. A prote??o do rio Pitimbu est? amparada em leis, tanto de cunho Federal, como o C?digo Florestal Brasileiro (Lei n? 4.771 de 1965) quanto por Resolu??es, Leis Estaduais e Municipais. Assim, esta pesquisa parte da interpreta??o da Lei Estadual n? 8.426 de 2003, por ser a mais restritiva quanto ao uso e ocupa??o das margens do rio. O objetivo geral da mesma ? analisar a aplicabilidade das faixas de Prote??o Ambiental no rio Pitimbu/RN considerando a legisla??o ambiental e as formas de uso desse espa?o pelo homem. Tendo por objetivos espec?ficos a discuss?o da abrang?ncia da legisla??o para esse rio; a identifica??o dos tipos de cobertura do solo; e a avalia??o da efic?cia da Lei n? 8.426 de 2003, como instrumento de prote??o e gest?o territorial. Esse rio ? caracterizado pela sua import?ncia ecol?gica e por alimentar a lagoa do Jiqui, importante reservat?rio que fornece 30% de ?gua pot?vel para popula??o das regi?es Leste, Oeste e Sul da capital Potiguar. O rio Pitimbu passa por um processo de degrada??o ambiental, proveniente de a??es como os desmatamentos de suas matas ciliares pelas pr?ticas agr?colas intensivas; lan?amento de efluentes urbanos e industriais levando a sua contamina??o; aumento do escoamento pluvial; eros?o; assoreamento e despejo de lixo urbano, al?m da press?o para ocupa??o urbana em suas margens. Sob o ponto de vista metodol?gico est? pesquisa parte de referenciais te?ricos de planejamento e ordenamento do territ?rio e de uma vis?o socioambiental dos espa?os naturais. Foi produzido na pesquisa um Mapa de Cobertura do Solo, com 16 classes. Divididas em cobertura antropizada e cobertura natural. Usando o limite da espacializa??o das Faixas de Prote??o Ambiental de 300 metros, conforme a Lei Estadual acima. A pesquisa destacou um maior percentual de classes antropizadas, indicando interfer?ncia do homem no equil?brio desse sistema, assim como a falta de a??es ambientais. Levando a degrada??o de suas matas ciliares, e a falta de conserva??o dos recursos h?dricos. Por fim, considerou-se que as faixas de prote??o ambiental n?o s?o eficazes quanto ? preserva??o e ao ordenamento desse territ?rio

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T22:53:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaMasciadriBalsamo_TESE.pdf: 6298196 bytes, checksum: 97104ffd2a9a7d76a1c8afd7e12b78b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-13T23:03:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaMasciadriBalsamo_TESE.pdf: 6298196 bytes, checksum: 97104ffd2a9a7d76a1c8afd7e12b78b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T23:03:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaMasciadriBalsamo_TESE.pdf: 6298196 bytes, checksum: 97104ffd2a9a7d76a1c8afd7e12b78b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / O aumento da produ??o e da intensidade do uso da terra ? uma das maiores press?es atuais sobre os ecossistemas e os servi?os ecossist?micos associados, especialmente com um forte crescimento na Am?rica Latina nas ?ltimas d?cadas. Pol?ticas de ordenamento territorial adequadas para equilibrar paisagens produtivas com a conserva??o da biodiversidade s?o necess?rias para alcan?ar as metas de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade, motivo de agenda em todos os pa?ses da regi?o. O sistema pol?tico precisa de ferramentas de f?cil aplica??o, e de encontrar formas de sustentabilidade rural e urbana. Canelones ? o Departamento uruguaio que abrange a capital de Montevid?u, e contem a maior concentra??o de ?reas de explora??o agr?cola em rela??o a outros departamentos. Deste modo, ? um dos departamentos com maior impacto sobre os ecossistemas naturais, devido ?s atividades antr?picas e ao crescimento populacional, atualmente com valores maiores ? m?dia nacional. Distinguiu se um estado de alerta ambiental com fortes press?es e amea?as ? biodiversidade, esp?cies extintas, amea?adas, vulner?veis , e v?rios tipos de polui??o. A necessidade de trazer ecologia ? gest?o territorial ? chave para alcan?ar a abordagem sustent?vel, e um grande desafio para conciliar a produ??o agr?cola com a conserva??o da biodiversidade e os servi?os ecossist?micos (SSEE). Assim, este trabalho prop?s os seguintes objetivos: 1. Gerar um modelo de gest?o territorial para Canelones, que maximize a conserva??o da biodiversidade em paisagens de produ??o, abordando diferentes escalas de paisagem, e propondo ferramentas para a gest?o ambiental, pol?tica e administrativa; 2. Indagar se a proje??o de terra produtiva proposta pelo Projeto 1.6 AGUT: Aptid?o Geral de Uso da Terra (2010), ? consistente com o modelo 10:20:40:30 (Cap. 1), e est? alinhada com os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustent?vel estabelecidos nas agendas ambientais do pa?s; 3. Avaliar atrav?s do valor de venda do terreno no mercado imobili?rio, os custos para obter a conserva??o da biodiversidade e servi?os ambientais nos cen?rios do modelo 10:20:40:30, de AGUT (2010), e do solo de SSEE de alta prioridade para a conserva??o. O Cap?tulo 1 checou se os usos da terra atuais mapeados em OPP (2010) s?o consistentes com o modelo proposto por Smith et al. (2013), que concebem um quadro geral para maximizar a reten??o da biodiversidade na paisagem produtiva agr?cola-pecu?ria: as guias 10:20:40:30. Um SIG foi elaborado que permitiu a compara??o dos usos do solo atual quanto ao modelo 10:20:40:30, oferecendo ferramentas aplic?veis ao planejamento territorial de Canelones, em escalas de paisagem definidas por limites pol?ticos de gest?o. O solo natural apresentou valores significativamente menores de 10%, refletindo a press?o sobre os ecossistemas naturais em todas as escalas de paisagem. O desafio urgente ? o aumento da superf?cie natural do solo. A potencialidade de gest?o em diferentes escalas permite que cada localidade possa aplicar suas estrat?gias para recuperar o solo natural, utilizando parques naturais, recupera??o de lagos artificiais, ou recupera??o de matas ciliares e ?reas ?midas associadas. Tamb?m fornece quadro de a??o para pol?ticas territoriais e administrativas. O Cap?tulo 2 comparou os usos produtivos da terra propostos no projeto AGUT (2010) reclassificados em intensivo, moderado, leve e natural, e concorda com o modelo (Cap. 1). Elaborou se um SIG para o planejamento territorial. Os resultados mostraram que a proje??o AGUT n?o assegura nenhuma sustentabilidade. As diferen?as entre os dois modelos resultaram significativas, e o m?nimo necess?rio de solo natural requerido para conserva??o da biodiversidade e dos SSEE associados n?o ? preservado. Aumentaria a press?o sobre os recursos h?dricos e os corredores biol?gicos da floresta fluvial e zonas ?midas ribeirinhas, intensificando o uso da terra em todo o territ?rio, levando a uma homogeneiza??o da paisagem produtiva por meio do uso do solo intenso e moderado, e eliminando as possibilidades de amortecimento e restaura??o ambiental, uma vez que nenhum terreno proposto utiliza sistemas leves e minimiza o solo natural. Com esta proposta de paisagem produtiva intensiva n?o seriam atingidos os objetivos de desenvolvimento produtivo e sustent?vel colocados pelo pr?prio projeto AGUT, nem as orienta??es para alcan?ar o mesmo objetivo das diretrizes departamentais, nem est? em linha com a legisla??o nacional ou acordos nacionais e internacionais que o Uruguai tem proposto como metas ambientais a serem alcan?ados nos objetivos do mil?nio. O Cap?tulo 3 teve a fim testar se a ?rea de SSEE, de m?xima e alta prioridade de conserva??o (Soutullo et al. 2012) concorda com o 10 % do modelo (Cap1.). Al?m disso, atrav?s do valor dos terrenos para venda no mercado, estimou se os custos para atingir os objetivos de conserva??o e sustentabilidade para Canelones, recuperando solo natural desde o cen?rio atual (Cap. 1), desde AGUT (2010) (Cap. 2), e de solo de SSEE. Nos cen?rios comparados, ao n?vel do estado, o solo de SSEE foi maior (16,2 %) que o 10% de solo natural, embora resultassem com varia??es nas outras escalas territoriais consideradas. A conserva??o de 10% de solo natural poderia surgir como um objetivo de conserva??o a curto e m?dio prazo. Al?m disso, atingir o solo de SSEE poderia ser um objetivo em longo prazo, aplicando medidas de manejo desse territ?rio de alta prioridade de conserva??o. A avalia??o econ?mica de solo natural de SSEE oferece oportunidades para internalizar e exibir os custos na economia. O custos estimado para atingir o 10% de solo natural a partir do cen?rio atual (OPP 2010), ? menor que o custo que desde o cen?rio de AGUT (2010), embora mais elevado que aquele para alcan?ar os objetivos de conserva??o do solo de SSEE. O equil?brio entre os sistemas produtivos e sustent?veis, a conserva??o da biodiversidade e dos recursos h?dricos em Canelones, deve considerar a inclus?o mais precisa nas pol?ticas territoriais um equil?brio entre estes. O modelo 10:20:40:30 propor uma otimiza??o dos objetivos de produ??o e de conserva??o, garantindo o m?nimo de solo natural, e uma percentagem de amortecimento do solo, moderada e leve, para manter a conectividade e reduzir a fragmenta??o (Cap.1). As escalas de paisagem analisadas oferecem oportunidades no planejamento territorial em diferentes ?reas administrativas, oferecendo mais variedade de situa??es para a gest?o do patrim?nio natural e cultural de Canelones. O cen?rio acad?mico e social ? muito favor?vel, e apesar de existirem conflitos de uso e impacto antr?pico, a sociedade est? cada vez mais receptiva ?s quest?es ambientais. A sua participa??o aparece como uma oportunidade fundamental e necess?ria para atingir as metas de sustentabilidade de longo prazo. / Increased production and land use intensification is one of the most important pressures on ecosystems and their goods and services, with great impact in Latin America in recent decades. Appropriate land management policies to balance production landscapes with biodiversity conservation contribute to achieve the goals of development and sustainability, also top of agendas in all countries of the region. Easily applicable tools are needed to find ways of rural and urban sustainability in the political system. Canelones department surrounds Montevideo ?Uruguay?s capital? and has the highest concentration of farming areas compared to other departments. Accordingly, it is one of the departments with the greatest impact on natural ecosystems, due to anthropic activities and population growth, currently higher than national average figures. A state of environmental warning and strong pressures and threats to biodiversity was recognized, which currently extinct, endangered, or vulnerable species and several types of contamination detected. The need to bring ecology closer to land management is a key to achieve a sustainable approach, and a great challenge to settle agricultural production with the conservation of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services (EESS). This thesis therefore proposed the following objectives: 1. Develop a territorial management model for Canelones that maximizes biodiversity conservation in production landscapes, addressing different landscape scales, and proposing appropriate environmental political and administrative management; 2. To investigate whether the productive land uses proposed by the Project AGUT: Fitness General Land Use (2010), are in accordance with the model 10:20:40:30 (Ch. 1), and if it is aligned with the objectives of sustainable development set out in the environmental agendas of the country; 3. Test if land surface of EESS mapped in Soutullo et al (2012) matches with the model, and estimate through the sale value of the land in the market, the cost to optimize the conservation of biodiversity and EESS in three scenarios: the model 10:20:40:30, AGUT (2010), and land surface of EESS of high conservation priority. Chapter 1 compared the current land uses (OPP 2010) with the model proposed by Smith et al. (2013), which suggests a general framework to maximize the retention of biodiversity in an agricultural landscape: the 10:20:40:30 guide. A GIS was elaborated offering tools to apply in land planning at Canelones, in landscapes scales defined by political management boundaries. The natural cover showed significant values lower the model, reflecting the pressure on natural ecosystems that exists in all landscape scales analyzed. The urgent challenge is increasing the natural soil surface. The potential management at different scales allows each locality to apply their strategies to recover natural soil, using natural parks, artificial lakes restoration, recuperation of riparian forests and wetlands. It also provides a planning framework for public and administrative policies. Chapter 2 compared productive land use projected by AGUT (2010) reclassified on intensive, moderate, low and natural, and test if it fits the model (Ch. 1). A GIS was developed as a tool for land planning. The results showed that the projection AGUT ensures no sustainability at all. The differences between both were significant, and the minimum of natural soil needed to promote conservation of biodiversity and associated EESS are not preserved. It would increase pressure on water resources and biological corridors of fluvial forest and riparian wetlands, intensifying land use in the entire territory, leading to a homogenization of the productive landscape through intensive and moderate land uses, and eliminating the possibilities of damping and environmental restoration, since no low land uses are proposed and natural cover is taken to a minimum. With this intensive productive landscape proposal, the objectives of productive and sustainable development posed by AGUT project would not be achieved, nor the guidelines to the same purpose planned by departmental guidelines in Canelones, and also is not in line with the national legislation or national and international agreements that Uruguay has assumed as environmental targets to be attained in the millennium development goals. Chapter 3 contrasted if the land area of EESS, with high priority conservation (Soutullo et al. 2012) matches the 10 % of natural cover of the model (Ch. 1). Moreover, through the market value of the land for sale, an assessment of costs was made to achieve the objectives of conservation and sustainability for Canelones, recovering it from the current scenario (Ch. 1), from AGUT (2010) (Ch. 2) and from EESS land cover. In the compared scenarios, at the departmental level, the EESS soil is greater (16,2%) than natural cover of the model (10%), although the results was wide-ranging in the other land scales analyzed. The 10% conservation of natural soil could arise as a conservation objective in the short and medium time. Moreover, reaching the EESS land cover could be a long-term goal, implementing management measures of that high priority surface to conserve. Economic valuation of natural cover of EESS provides opportunities to internalize and display costs in the economy. Indeed, cost estimates of achieving the objectives of 10% natural soil from the current scenario (OPP 2010), are less than the costs to get from the scenario posed by AGUT (2010), although higher are those to achieve the objectives of EESS land conservation. The balance between productive and sustainable systems, conservation of biodiversity and water resources of Canelones, should consider including more precisely in territorial policies a balance between them. The model 10:20:40:30 proposed an optimization of production and conservation objectives, ensuring minimal natural cover, and a percentage of buffer land cover, as moderate and low, to maintain connectivity and reduce fragmentation (Ch. 1). Analyzed landscape scales also offer opportunities in regional planning from different administrative areas, providing more variety of occasions for management of natural and cultural heritage of Canelones. Moreover, the academic and social scenario is very favorable, and although there are usage conflicts and anthropic impacts, society is increasingly receptive to environmental issues. Their participation is provided as fundamental and necessary to achieve sustainability goals in the long term.