Le contexte empirique dans lequel s’inscrit ce travail concerne les changements à l’œuvre dans l’industrie du cinéma français liés à l’impact des NTIC. Nous y étudions la construction collective du processus de régulation entre les acteurs du secteur et le CNC (le Centre National du Cinéma l’Image Animée) de l’autre, c’est à dire la cogestion du secteur. Nous nous intéressons à deux phénomènes. Nous cherchons à comprendre le déroulé de différents débats dans la presse qui se constituent autour des années 2012–2014. Deuxièmement, nous menons une réflexion portant sur le type d’outils de gestion mobilisés par l’organisation en charge de la régulation du secteur, le CNC.Nous proposons de représenter le processus de régulation du secteur du cinéma français au travers de l’évolution des épreuves organisées par le CNC auxquelles les acteurs du secteur décident de participer. L’évolution de ces épreuves passe alors par le développement de critiques à l’égard de ces épreuves, venant des acteurs du secteur ou des équipes du CNC.La cogestion du secteur se construit alors à la fois de manière encadrée (les épreuves sont créées et organisées) et émergente au travers des activités de critiques des acteurs. Nous y étudions la place des outils de gestion, et en particulier celle des indicateurs statistiques.Nous construisons un modèle de cogestion par l’épreuve qui nous permet de mettre en avant les risques liés aux changements dans l’industrie. Le fonctionnement régulier de la cogestion, où les critiques viennent nourrir la cogestion tout en permettant son adaptation, permet l’intégration des retours des acteurs du secteur. Le risque lié aux NTIC se caractérise par la possibilité de remise en cause des principes d’évaluation à l’origine des épreuves. / The empirical context for this work concerns the changes in the movie industry due to the NTIC. We study the collective regulation process of the sector by industry stakeholders and the CNC (National Center for Cinema). We look at two phenomena. We study the debates in the press during the 2012-2014 period. Second, we look at the types of management tools used by the CNC as the organization in charge of regulating the French movie industry.We propose to represent the regulation process in the French movie industry as the organisation and evolution of trials to which actors of the sector participate.This co-regulation process is seen here as both framed and emergent. We study the role of management tools, especially statistical indicators in this co-regulation process.We build a co-regulation model based on the trial notion, allowing us to illustrate the risks linked to the changes occurring in the industry. In the regular functioning of the model, critics can be formulated an integrated to the trial system and allow for its adaptation. The risk linked to NTIC is characterized by the possibility of questioning the evaluation principles at the very foundation of the trial system.

This thesis examines the role of the former national screen agency in Scotland, which was in charge of distributing public funds for screen activity between 1997 and 2010. It examines how external factors such as cultural policy and internal factors such as individual approaches to film funding, affected the agency's perception and remit. The study draws on the institutional logics perspective (Thornton et al., 2012) to frame the interplay of two competing imperatives, one commercial, one creative, affecting the creative industries in Scotland and Scottish Screen's activities more specifically. However, it goes beyond this duality by examining more nuanced factors which significantly affected the organisation's trajectory and remit. Taking into account the predominant logic(s) throughout Scottish Screen's history and focusing on organisational responses during moments of transition or conflict, I use the analytical framework developed by Boltanski and Thévenot in On Justification (2006) to examine criticisms, justifications, and attempts at compromising expressed through official and non-official channels. The thesis outlines how opinions and decisions stemming from disparate views of what is “worthy” affected the agency's activity and funding decisions, as well as the dialogue with its stakeholders. The conclusions extracted from my findings inform existing literature on responses to plurality and challenge some claims made by institutional logic scholars: the first conclusion is that lack of conflict between logics does not necessarily translate into lack organisational conflict, as the latter often derives from different orders of worth which override the commercial-creative logic divide and are incompatible amongst themselves. The second conclusion, related to the first one, is that stability may be enhanced (at least temporarily) in a professional environment dominated by a plurality of logics as long as there is compatibility amongst the orders of worth set forth in pursuit of organisational goals. A third conclusion is related to the examination of some contributions to the orders of worth perspective and the study of plurality and instability in organisational practices, notably Boltanski and Chiapello's (2007) depiction of a seventh world of worth called the ‘projective city' (underpinned by the higher value of activity aimed at creating or maintaining ever-changing networks), and David Stark's (2009) study of plurality and ambiguity management in organisations. My findings suggest that organisational models based on pervasive, horizontal networks capable of transgressing traditional hierarchical structures were never fully deployed in Scottish Screen - traces of these practices are identified, but, overall, actors defended more traditional organisational scripts.

Detta är en fallstudie om svenska polisens kommunikation under och efter reformen som implementerades 1 januari 2015. Området som avhandlas är legitimitet och förtroende i relation till kommunikationsprocesser för organisationer inom den offentliga sektorn. Organisatoriska förändringar inom den offentliga sektorn sker kontinuerligt och påverkar samhället mer eller mindre drastiskt. Forskning visar att sättet dessa förändringar kommuniceras påverkar förutsättningar för förtroende samt legitim maktutövning. Ändå har kommunikationen i fallet med reformen inom Polismyndigheten präglats av intern splittring och icke konsekventa budskap vilket studier visar påverkar förutsättningar för förtroende negativt. För att komma åt polisens kommunikation har forskning om kommunikativa strategier samt rättfärdigande använts. Forskningen i studien cirkulerar kring kommunikativa strategier, ryktes-hantering, new public management samt uppsatsens använda teori för analysen Orders of worth som handlar om rationalitetsprinciper och rättfärdigande. Vilka principer och värden som betonas spelar en avgörande roll för polisens kommunikation och dess utfall. Fallstudien genomfördes via en kvalitativ textanalys av Polisförbundets ordförande Lena Nitz uttalanden och pressmeddelanden samt polisens kommunikationspolicy. Regeringens styr- och policydokument för polisen har använts som referenspunkt för kommunikationen och polisens mandat. Intervjuer med Lena Nitz samt politisk sakkunnig Johan Moström har bidragit till studien i form av kontext och förtydliganden. Resultatet av analysen visar hur polisen använder sig av flera olika kommunikativa strategier och principer vid sitt rättfärdigande. Kommunikationen går därmed att sammanfatta som icke-konsekvent och föränderlig. Mest framträdande är skillnaden från rättfärdigande i linje med det allmänt bästa till ett större fokus på rättfärdigande i linje med ryktes- och identitetshantering. Den röda tråden genom kommunikationen visar sig dock vara ett fokus på rättfärdigande genom de civilas princip (det allmänt bästa) vilket enligt använd teori skapar förutsättningar för förtroendeskapande samt legitim maktutövning.

A small proportion of people claim to live and consume in ways they consider more sustainable in social and environmental terms. As yet, we do not know how many exactly, but possibly no more than 5-10% of the population. The thesis intentionally focuses on this minority finding there are at least three reasons why it is interesting to do so. First because they are all but ignored in sociologies of practice in the context of sustainable consumption which considers this minority an insignificance and focuses almost exclusively on 'mainstream' majority which more closely maps onto the stereotype of 'consumer society'. Second because we think we can learn much from juxtapositioning this group empirically against the spectrum of theories of practice to devise more robust and appropriate theoretical explanation of how these subjects, in the context of everyday practice, negotiate the many interpretations and contradictions involved in trying to put 'sustainability' into practice. Third because by understanding them better we can reflect on theoretical, empirical and policy implications for nudging this minority of the population to a higher percentage. The thesis sits at one end of a spectrum of positions in theories of practice applied to consumption, and in particular with a normative interest in sustainable consumption. It aligns with those who seek to re-insert the reflexive agent into accounts of practice, with particular reference to the conceptual construct of the 'citizen-consumer' and the context of political consumption (Spaargaren & Oosterveer 2010). Referring to theories of consumption, the thesis adds perspectives on how people negotiate multiple domains of consumption simultaneously since everyday practice involves interactions across multiple domains (such as eating, mobility, householding); and yet typically in theories of practice these are artificially separated into single domains. The study therefore considers the implications which domains have on how particular practices are carried out, first separately (per domain) and then as they come together (in a cross-cutting domain perspective). The study then takes theories of practice as a springboard to develop a theoretical position and framework which better fits the narrated accounts of the 37 subjects who participated in this study. In iteratively co-developing a theoretical framework and multiple 'stages' of empirical research (using grounded theory methodology) the study seeks to explain theoretically how subjects justify their 'doings' (drawing on 'conventions' and 'orders of worth' (Boltanski & Thévenot 2006)); how they appear to muddle through as best they can (introducing 'bricolage' (Lévi-Strauss 1972)); and how subjects appear to devise decision short-cuts when approaching decisions characterised by the multiple contradictions of sustainable consumption and incomplete or 'too much' information (introducing heuristics (Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier 2011)). In joining calls to re-insert the reflexive agent to account for how, when and why subjects enact changes towards trajectories which they consider 'more sustainable' in their own terms, the study takes inspiration from Margaret Archer's morphogenesis approach (1998) and explores her model of multiple modes of reflexivity, announcing certain modes as 'better fitting' conditions of late modernity. The study finally finds that contrary to a notion of the un-reflexive agent, the citizen-consumer is able to articulate visions of the 'good life'. In addition she is able to fold these visions back onto everyday practices performed in the past, present and future, laying out normative guidelines and positive accounts of how to achieve personal or societal well-being and happiness. The overarching positioning of the study is much inspired by Andrew Sayer's (2011; 2000) 'normative turn' calling upon social sciences to re-instate research into the things about which people care. The study is therefore guided by the overarching question of how people translate their environmental and/or social concerns into the ways in which they live and consume.