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Research in the fields of molecular conductors and magnets over the past four decades has involved collaborative efforts of chemists and physicists whose common goal is to design useful materials composed of molecular building blocks. Of particular interest are materials whose properties can be tuned by electronic or steric changes in the molecular sub-units. The research on TCNQ derivatives described in this thesis was inspired by the observation that, although a vast amount of research has been directed at understanding binary M(TCNQ•-) materials, analogous compounds based on substituted TCNQ acceptors are surprisingly scarce. Single crystals of a new structure type for the M+(TCNQ)•- binary family were isolated from reactions of two dihalogenated TCNQ derivatives with Cu(I) ions, namely Cu(TCNQX2) (X = Cl, Br). The new 3-D compound Cu(TCNQCl2) exhibits the highest conductivity of the M+(TCNQ)•- series to date, despite the greater separation of TCNQCl2 units as compared to other derivatives. Compounds of lower dimensionality were also obtained, namely the 2-D Cu(TCNQBr2)(CH3CN) and 1-D Cu(TCNQI2)(CH3CN)2 phases. Several 2p-3d heterospin molecular magnets were also synthesized. For example a “magnetic sponge” material based on a 2-D hexagonal framework of composition {[Mn2(TCNQF4)(CH3OH)7.5(H2O)0.5]-(TCNQF4)2•7.5CH3OH}∞, as well as molecular magnets based on first row metal ions and TCNQF4 ligands of composition MII(TCNQF4)-•(TCNQF42-)0.5(CH3CN) (M = Mn, Co) were prepared. In addition, unprecedented isostructural 2-D frameworks based on combinations of first row metal ions with TCNQBr2 radicals of composition [M(TCNQBr2)2(H2O)2]∞ (M = Mn, Zn) were synthesized. Lanthanide chemistry is also described in this dissertation. A series of mononuclear Ln-TCNQF4 heterospin complexes of composition {MIII[TCNQF4]2[H2O]x}(TCNQF4)(3H2O) (M = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb) was also obtained which exhibit remarkable properties. In this family of compounds there exists an unprecedented subtle interplay between single molecule magnetic behavior and phonon bottleneck effect behavior for the Tb analogue. Magnetic ordering was observed for the Sm analogue. A homologous series of 1-D materials based on alternating lanthanide ions and hexacyanometallates of formula {[Ln(tptz)(H2O)4Fe(CN)6]•8H2O}∞ (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb) was obtained and a detailed magnetic study provided incontrovertible evidence that the SmIII-[FeIII(CN)6]3- compound exhibits ferromagnetic and not antiferromagnetic coupling as had been reported for related 1-D chains.

La découverte et l’étude de versions stables d'intermédiaires réactionnels, tels que les radicaux ou les carbènes stables, ont eu un impact profond sur la chimie moderne. Non seulement ces composés ont permis, sur le plan académique, l’émergence de nouveaux concepts et une compréhension plus approfondie d’importantes questions fondamentales, mais ils ont également ouvert la voie au développement d’applications pratiques originales et innovantes.Les oxyallyles sont des intermédiaires réactionnels typiques, postulés dans plusieurs transformations chimiques mais longtemps considérés comme non-isolables, voire non-observables. Cependant, des résultats préliminaires à nos travaux démontraient que la conception de versions stables était envisageable grâce à l’introduction de groupements donneurs aminés.Ce travail de thèse a porté sur le développement de méthodologies de synthèse de motif organiques de type 1,3-di(amino)oxyallyles. Le premier chapitre bibliographique résume 40 ans de tentatives d’observation d’oxyallyles transitoires ou de dérivés stabilisés.Le chapitre suivant décrit nos efforts pour synthétiser des dérivés 1,3-di(amino)oxyallyles par oxydation directe de sels de vinamidiniums. Cette approche a conduit à la génération du radical cation du tetrakis(dimethylamino)oxyallyle qui, malgré un faible encombrement stérique, est persistent plusieurs heures en solution aérée.La troisième partie explore une méthodologie alternative, basée sur l’utilisation de groupes protecteurs. Cette voie complémentaire a notamment permis la synthèse et la caractérisation de dérivés d’oxydes de pyrazolium, des colorants proposés et étudiés théoriquement, mais jamais synthétisés et dont la possible existence était mise en doute.Enfin la dernière partie se consacre à la conception de carbènes stables originaux et de leurs dérivés, avec en perspective leur utilisation comme ligands redox actifs. En particulier, nous décrivons la synthèse et l’étude du premier 1,3-pyrimidinium-2-ylidène stable, ainsi que l’oxyde correspondant : formellement un oxyallyle fusionné à un amidinium, mais parfaitement stable à l’air. / The discovery and the study of stable versions of reactive intermediates, such as radicals or carbenes, have had a deep impact on modern chemistry. Those compounds have not only allowed for the rise of new academic concepts and deeper understanding of fundamental questions, but they also paved the way for the development of innovative and original applications.Oxyallyls are typical elusive intermediates, postulated in several chemical reactions, though they had been considered as non-isolable, and even non-observable for a long time. However, preliminary results to our work demonstrated that enhanced stabilization could be achieved by introducing electron-donating amino groups.This work focused on the development of a methodology for the synthesis of organic 1,3-di(amino)oxyallyl patterns. The first chapter summarizes 40 years of attempts for the observation of transient oxyallyls and stabilized derivatives.The following chapter describes our efforts to synthesize 1,3-di(amino)oxyallyl derivatives by direct oxidation of vinamidinium salts. This approach afforded the generation of the tetrakis(dimethylamino)oxyallyl radical cation, which, despite a small steric hindrance is persistent for hours in aerated solutions.The third part explores an alternative methodology, based on the use of protective groups. It enabled the synthesis and the characterization of a pyrazolium oxyde derivative, which has been proposed theoretically, but never synthesized, and whose existence was even questioned.Finally, the last chapter describes the conception of original stable carbenes and their derivatives, with their use as redox non-innocent ligands in perspective. In particular, we report the synthesis and the study of the first stable 1,3-pyrimidinium-2-ylidene, as well as its corresponding oxide: formally an oxyallyl fused with an amidinium, but perfectly stable towards air.

Diploma thesis deals with preparation of peripherally functionalized polydentate Schiff ligands, suitable for metal coordination, such as Fe(III) or Co(III). The compounds, formed by this functionalization using organic molecule or stable organic radical, provide coordination site for another central atom. The compounds were synthesized for their potential biological activity. The organic ligands series was prepared, and these ligands were submitted to coordination reactions with selected transition metals. The prepared compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray structure analysis.

<div>Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful and versatile analytical tool, especially for identification and analysis of complex mixtures. Coupling to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) provides additional dimension for mixture analysis. MS manipulates ionized analytes and separates them based on their mass-to-charge (<i>m/z</i>) ratios. MS is capable of providing molecular weight (MW) information by generating pseudo-molecular ions of the analytes. Detailed elemental compositions can be also obtained if high resolution MS is used. MS can also provide extensive structural information of the analyte ions. One of the most commonly used technique is tandem mass spectrometry (MSⁿ). Ions of interest are isolated and subject to sequential reactions (reactions with other molecules or dissociation reactions) to generate product ions that can provide structural information. MS is also a powerful tool for generating and studying highly reactive reaction intermediates, such as organic polyradicals.</div><div><br></div><div>The research described in this dissertation mainly focuses on the generation and gas-phase reactivity studies of different organic biradicals. Their reactions with various organic reagents are studied, and the reactivity-controlling factors are discussed. For example, the reactivity of several substituted pyridine-based biradical cations with 2,6-topology are discussed (all with singlet ground states), and their special reactivity from their excited triplet states are illustrated. Besides, several quinoline-based biradicals and cyano-substituted pyridine-based <i>para</i>-benzyne cations are also discussed. Some of the radicals (or ions) described in this dissertation are generated for the first time, i.e. the quinoline-based oxenium cations. Their structural characterization and gas-phase reactivity toward some organic molecules are discussed in the dissertation. Further, an electrophilic anion, <i>closo</i>-[B₁₂X₁₁]^- (X = Cl, Br) and its application in the activation of C-H and C-C bonds in hydrocarbon molecules are described in the dissertation.</div>

No description available.

Dans une première partie, nous avons étudié quelques propriétés de molécules magnétiques impliquant des radicaux organiques (seuls ou conjointement avec des terres rares). Nous avons ainsi pu interpréter l'évolution de la susceptibilité magnétique et de l'aimantation en fonction de la température en évaluant par des approches ab initio fonctions d'onde les constantes d'échange ou le tenseur g au sein de ces matériaux. De plus, nous avons chercher à définir les conditions pour que des matériaux à base de radicaux organiques présentent simultanément des propriétés magnétiques et conductrices. Nous avons ainsi examiné différentes familles de composés et l'influence de la structure géométrique et chimique des radicaux organiques utilisés. Pour cette partie, nous avons extrait les intégrales physiques pertinentes par la méthode des Hamiltoniens effectifs.Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons utilisés ces quantités physiques (intégrale de saut, répulsion sur site, échange) pour décrire le phénomène de transport dans des jonctions pour lesquelles les effets de la corrélation électronique ne peuvent être écartés. Munis de ces paramètres ab initio, nous avons développé un modèle phénoménologique permettant de décrire la conduction moléculaire à l'aide d'un jeu d'équations maîtresses. Nous avons ainsi cherché à mettre en évidence l'intérêt des approches post Hartree-Fock empruntant une fonction d'onde corrélée et de spin adapté dans la description du transport électronique. Que ce soit dans le cas de transport polarisé en spin ou non, l'approche utilisée (mono ou multi-déterminentale) conditionne qualitativement et quantitativement la caractéristique courant/tension. / In a first part, we studied the magnetic properties of organic radicals (coupled with rare earth or between each other). We calculated the magnetic exchange and the g-tensor of these compounds to understand their magnetic susceptibility and thei magnetization curves via ab initio calculations based on the wave-function. We studied how the chemistry and the crystal stacking affect meaningful parameters linked to magnetism and conduction. Those parameters were extracted with the thory of effective Hamiltonians fo various families of organic radicals. From the observed trends for the different parameters, we predicted some ways to obtain multifunctional compounds. In a second part, we used the same parameters (hoping integral, coulombic repulsion, magnetic exchange) to describe transport properties through highly correlated molecular junctions. From the ab initio parameters, we developed a phenomenological model based on master equations to describe the electronic transport. We stressed the importance of a multiconfigurational description to reproduce properly the transport properties for spin unpolarized and spin polarized situations. In both cases, the mono- or multi-configurational description affects qualitatively and quantitatively the predicted conductance curve.