Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Instructional Systems Technology, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-03, Section: A, page: 1062. Adviser: Thomas M. Schwen. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2008).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4880. Adviser: Carroll L. Estes.

The Organizational Information Processing Theory (OIPT) was used as a tool to analyze the collected data. It was found that, when Information Processing Requirements (IPR) outweigh Information Processing Capacities (IPC), information overload can be the result. Organizational structure should be chosen to enable successful task execution, if that is the case information overload is unlikely to occur. Structural elements that were found to especially increase IPC and therefore reduce the likelihood of information overload are: clarity, transparency and adherence to definitions of job responsibilities or roles.

In spite of the ever-growing technology in information security, organizations are still vulnerable to security attacks due to mistakes made by their employees. To evaluate organizational security vulnerability and keep organizations alert on their security situation, in this dissertation, we developed a framework for measuring the security vulnerability of organizations based on online behaviours analysis of their employees. In this framework, the behavioural data of employees for their online privacy are taken as input, and the personal vulnerability profiles of them are generated and represented as confusion matrices. Then, by incorporating the personal vulnerability data into the local social network of interpersonal security influence in the workplace, the overall security vulnerability of each organization is evaluated and rated as a percentile value representing its position to all other organizations. Through evaluation with real-world data and simulation, this framework is verified to be both effective and efficient in estimating the actual security vulnerability status of organizations. Besides, a demo application is developed to illustrate the feasibility of this framework in the practice of improving information security for organizations. / Graduate

<p> This qualitative study investigated the information culture and beliefs within two United Church of Christ congregations in Northeast Ohio. One congregation was Open and Affirming (ONA), and one congregation was not. ONA refers to a congregation's decision to be listed as a place where LGBT individuals&mdash;in particular&mdash;are welcomed and accepted. Using a purposive sampling technique, 8 focus groups of 4-8 participants each were asked to discuss content derived from three research question areas: participant beliefs, information that participants used to inform these beliefs, and how this information was used.</p><p> Analysis found that both congregations espoused the superiority of their beliefs about inclusivity, thus creating a paradox whereby their inclusivity involved excluding beliefs of exclusion. Because the ONA congregation preferred a personal expression of belief, they were more comfortable with the potential divisions caused by this paradox than the non-ONA congregation, which preferred a communal expression of belief. </p><p> Analysis also found that most participants relied heavily and placed great authority in information from internal sources, e.g., prayer, meditation, and emotion. The ONA congregation reflected the presence of more unique information, indicating that they approached the Bible and other common religious information critically and with more freedom to come to different conclusions than fundamentalists and biblical literalists. </p><p> Despite these differences in belief expression and information type, the analysis found that both groups showed evidence of Chatman's Small Worlds theory. First, participants showed evidence of unmet information needs. Many lacked confidence in the ability to articulate personal beliefs. Second, participants noted the presence of long-term attendees who determined the relevancy of incoming information. Finally, participants tended to guard against disclosing information about personal problems to other congregants, preferring to anonymously seek out answers. </p><p> The research highlights the social nature of belief formation and the impact of religious tradition, pastoral sermons, and external information on these beliefs. It contains important implications for pluralistic communication and the social nature of organizational legitimization. It extends the literature on belief formation and information science by developing mid-range theories about the processes by which individuals in religious communities use information to form beliefs.</p>

Yes / Natural disasters are often unpredictable and therefore there is a need for quick and effective response to save lives and infrastructure. Hence, this study is aimed at achieving timely, anticipated and effective response throughout the cycle of a disaster, extreme weather and emergency operations management with the help of advanced technologies. This study proposes a novel, evidence-based framework (4-AIDE) that highlights the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud-based collaborative platforms in disaster, extreme weather and emergency situations. A qualitative approach underpinned by organizational information processing theory (OIPT) is employed to design, develop and conduct semi-structured interviews with 33 respondents having experience in AI and cloud computing industries during emergency and extreme weather situations. For analysing the collected data, axial, open and selective coding is used that further develop themes, propositions and an evidence-based framework. The study findings indicate that AI and cloud-based collaborative platforms offer a structured and logical approach to enable two-way, algorithm-based communication to collect, analyse and design effective management strategies for disaster and extreme weather situations. Managers of public systems or businesses can collect and analyse data to predict possible outcomes and take necessary actions in an extreme weather situation. Communities and societies can be more resilient by transmitting and receiving data to AI and cloud-based collaborative platforms. These actions can also help policymakers identify critical pockets and guide administration for their necessary preparation for unexpected, extreme weather, and emergency events. / This study has been supported by the Area of Excellence AI, Data Science & Business at NEOMA Business School, France under the fund number 416005.

Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-08T19:35:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alexandre Guedes.pdf: 976398 bytes, checksum: ba17340bee0719c3ba9783b01e73032b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2016-01-04T21:02:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alexandre Guedes.pdf: 976398 bytes, checksum: ba17340bee0719c3ba9783b01e73032b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T21:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alexandre Guedes.pdf: 976398 bytes, checksum: ba17340bee0719c3ba9783b01e73032b (MD5) / Buscou-se conhecer como ocorreu o desenvolvimento da indústria de software no Estado da Bahia, nos últimos anos, visando fortalecer e acelerar a disseminação da informação e do conhecimento. Foram traçados os seguintes objetivos específicos: identificar os principais marcos da evolução da Tecnologia da Informação no Brasil e no Estado da Bahia; identificar como a Tecnologia da Informação foi incorporada ao Estado da Bahia, considerando o papel do Governo deste Estado, a contribuição das empresas e dos seus respectivos colaboradores; e descrever o desenvolvimento da indústria de software na Bahia e o seu papel no favorecimento ao uso adequado da informação no meio empresarial, ressaltando os fatores políticos e econômicos que o influenciaram, as respectivas consequências, o estágio atual, além do prognóstico. Para alcançar estes objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, através de entrevistas com atores/personagens que atuaram e ainda atuam na área de informática neste Estado nos últimos 25 anos, especialmente na Capital. A pesquisa bibliográfica indicou que os conceitos de informação, hardware e software podem ser considerados equivalentes em termos funcionais, integrando a infraestrutura para disseminação da informação e do conhecimento através das redes e computadores digitais. As entrevistas com os protagonistas do desenvolvimento de software na Bahia reconstituíram a evolução desta atividade nos últimos 25 anos. A partir dos resultados, pretende-se contribuir para avaliações do desenvolvimento da informação no meio empresarial, formando competências na área e disponibilizando a informação adequada aos usuários, além de orientar a inserção definitiva desta indústria neste Estado e ampliar o mercado de trabalho para os profissionais recém egressos de cursos nesta área. / Abstract- This study is an attempt to investigate the way the software industry has developed in the state of Bahia over the last 25 years and aimed at reinforcing and speeding up information and knowledge dissemination. Its main objectives were: identify the primary landmarks of information technology evolution in Brasil and in the State of Bahia; verif how information technology was absorbed by the state, given its government's role, and the contribution of companies and their respective collaborators; describe the development of software industry in Bahia and its role in promoting the adequate use of information in the intrepreneurial scenery,with emphasis on its political and economic factors besides their respective consequences, its current stage and its prognostics as well.To acomplish such objectives, a descriptive-exploratory research was carried out through interviews with actors/characters who have been active in the information science arena in Bahia and especially in Salvador, it capital, for the last 25 years, The literature review showed that information, hardware and software concepts can be considered equivalent in functional terms,integrating an infrascture for the dissemination of both information and knowledge through digital computers and networks. Interviews with some persons responsible for the development of software in Bahia yielded an account of how this activity evolved.The findings are intended as a contribution to the assessment of software industry development in Bahia, adding value to the use of information in the entrepreneurial arena, wich will result in enriched practices of information use, in the building of competencies in the area and in guaranteed adequate information to users. The results will furthermore provide guidelines for a definitive insertion of the industry in this state and an enlargement on the job market for new professionals.

ABSTRACT EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUPPLY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION SHARING AND PERFORMANCE By MARCIA DALEY August 2008 Committee Chair: Dr. Subhashish Samaddar Major Department: Decision Science Critical to the success of a firm is the ability of managers to coordinate the complex network of business relationships that can exist between business partners in the supply network. However many managers are unsure on how best to leverage their resources to capitalize on the information sharing opportunities that are available in such networks. Although there is significant research on information sharing, the area of inter-organizational information sharing (IIS) is still evolving and there is limited research on IIS in relation to systemic factors within supply networks. To help fill this gap in the literature, a primary focus of this dissertation is on the relationship between the design of the supply network and IIS. The design of the supply network is characterized by the supply network configuration which is comprised of (1) the network pattern, (2) the number of stages in the supply network, and (3) where the firm is located in that supply network. Four different types of IIS are investigated, herein. These types of IIS are a function of the frequency with which information is shared and the scope of information shared. Type 1 (Type 2) IIS is the low (high) frequency state where only operational information is shared. Similarly, Type 3 (Type 4) is the low (high) frequency state where strategic information is shared. The argument is that the type of IIS varies depending on the configuration of the supply network and that this relationship is influenced by the coordination structure established between firms in the network. The second focus of this dissertation deals with the relationship between IIS and performance. Research findings on the benefits to be gained from IIS have been ambiguous, with some researchers claiming reduced cost in the supply network with IIS, and others finding minimal or no benefits. To add clarity to these findings, the role that uncertainty plays in the relationship between IIS and performance is examined. The thesis presented is that the positive relationship between IIS types and the performance of the supply network is impacted by process uncertainty (i.e. the variability in process outcomes and production times), and partner uncertainty. Social network theory and transaction cost economics provide the theoretical lens for this dissertation. A model is developed and will be empirically validated in a cross-sectional setting, utilizing a sampling frame randomly selected and comprised of supply management executives from various industries within the United States.

Healthcare in the United States is a system that, organizationally speaking, is fragmented. Each hospital facility is independently operated and is responsible for the hiring of its own employees. However, corrupt individuals can take advantage of this fragmentation and move from hospital to hospital, gaining employment while hiding previous employment history. Traditionally, hospitals have been reluctant to share information on their previous employees, even with other hospitals, for fear of issues surrounding defamation, negligent hiring, and violation of the employee's privacy. However, growth in healthcare services is expected to rise exponentially in the near future, increasing the demand for employees. The need, therefore, to exchange pertinent information regarding employees will become necessary as hospitals seek qualified employees to fill positions throughout their organizations. One way to promote this information exchange is to develop trusted information sharing networks among hospital units. This study examined the problems surrounding organizational information sharing as well as the current level of employee information sharing being conducted by hospitals nationwide. Utilizing a survey of hospital administrators, this study drew upon the theoretical foundations of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the Knowledge Management Theory, the Social Exchange Theory and the earlier organizational information sharing frameworks established by Dawes (1996) and Landsbergen and Wolken (1998; 2001) in order to examine the variables that contribute to propensity of hospital administrators to engage in the sharing of employee information with other organizations.

在現今全球化的商業環境下，企業越來越倚重與商業夥伴的合作，而跨組織資訊系統也成為了強化競爭優勢的有利工具。而大陸憑著廉價的勞動成本以及廣大的新興市場，在全球供應練上漸漸扮演了越來越重要的角色。如何在大陸發展成了其他國家企業的重要課題，而台灣由於地理、文化、語言相近的優勢下，更顯得其重要性。本研究試圖由關係觀點所提出的四個因素出發，探討跨組織資訊系統應用在大陸其績效的決定性因素。經過單一個案研究的分析，結果顯示有效管理對於跨組織資訊系統有強很大影響，相對之下互補性資源幾乎沒有影響力。 / As corporations rely more on collaboration with partners to enhance their position in the global business environment, many of them apply specific IOS as a powerful tool to link with their trading partners to take full advantage of collaboration. China with huge manufacturing base and huge market has been an important part of global supply chain. It is important for other countries to know how to do business with China, especially for Taiwan because of the approximation of geography, culture and language. To fulfill this need, this research aims to find out the key factors that influence IOS performance in China through an observation of a binary relationship built upon IOS by a Taiwanese OEM and its China suppliers / The literature review leads this research to propose four factors that will influence IOS performance in China based on the relational view. A single-case study is then taken to detect the determinant factors that will affect IOS performance in China base on the relational view. The results show that effective governance strongly affect IOS performance, whereas complementary resource endowment has extremely fewer influence on IOS performance. Further, the most important items overall are coordination of decision and operation integration and monitoring and control. That is, IOS success in China depends mostly on whether the firms can cooperate with each other through the IOS and keep the ability of monitoring and control the status of transactions and partners. Moreover, the results show us that different types of suppliers may have different concern with IOS relationship, and thus a conditional implementation plan is necessary to IOS success in China