The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) measurement and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in the acid-phase anaerobic digestion process under different conditions of temperature and residence time. Two identical anaerobic digesters were operated while VFAs, SCOD, VSS, alkalinity, ORP and pH were measured. In digester 1, VFA production of 5,556 mg/L was generated with an ORP of -315 mv at a 10 day SRT; while 5,400 mg/L of VFA with an ORP of -389 mv was recorded in digester 2. The SRT was adjusted at 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 days and the optimum SRT was 10 days in both digesters. The results of this study indicate there were no tight relationship between VFA production and ORP values, thus ORP by itself is not a good predictor of the amount of VFAs generated. However, ORP combined with temperature had good linear relationship with VFA production. An ORP range of -315 to -390 mv was desirable for maximizing VFA production in both anaerobic digesters. Different temperatures (14, 29 and 37 ℃) were trialed and the results indicate that the conditions at 29 ℃ and 37 ℃ were not significantly different in terms of VFA production, however, less VFAs were generated at the lowest temperature of 14 ℃.

L'athérosclérose est une complication cardiovasculaire majeure des maladies liées à une augmentation du stress oxydatif, comme le diabète de type 2 et le syndrome métabolique. Dans ces situations, les lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDL) subissent une oxydation et leur forte absorption induit une accumulation de cholestérol dans les macrophages sous-endothéliaux. D'autre part, les LDL oxydées sont enrichies en produits d'oxydation du cholestérol appelés oxystérols, dont certains sont impliqués dans la capacité des LDL oxydées à induire un stress oxydant cellulaire et une cytotoxicité, principalement par apoptose. Le Bis(Monoacylglycéro)Phosphate (BMP) est un phospholipide unique, localisé préférentiellement dans les endosomes tardifs, compartiment cellulaire clef dans le métabolisme du cholestérol dérivé des LDL. Lors de travaux antérieurs, l'équipe a démontré le rôle prépondérant du BMP dans la régulation de l'homéostasie du cholestérol dans les macrophages. L'objectif de ce travail a été de décrypter les mécanismes moléculaires intervenant dans le trafic intracellulaire du cholestérol. Ainsi, le BMP régule l'efflux de cholestérol par les HDL (high density lipoproteins) grâce à des mécanismes impliquant les LXRs (liver X receptors) et les transporteurs ABCA1/ABCG1 (ATP binding cassette-type A1/G1). De plus, notre étude indique que le BMP exerce également un rôle protecteur contre l'effet pro-apoptotique des LDL oxydées via la réduction de la production intracellulaire d'oxystérols. Comme une partie du trafic intracellulaire des stérols au sein des macrophages est régulé par OSBP (oxysterol binding protein) et ses protéines dérivées, les ORPs (OSBP-related proteins), nous montrons dans ce rapport que l'action de protection du BMP contre les effets cytotoxiques des oxystérols est fortement diminuée dans des cellules où la protéine ORP11 est supprimée, suggérant que le BMP exerce son rôle protecteur via un mécanisme utilisant la fonction d'ORP11 dans le transport intracellulaire de stérols / Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular complication in increased oxidative stress-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In these situations, the low density lipoproteins (LDL) undergo oxidation and their high uptake induces cholesterol accumulation in subendothelial macrophages. On the other hand, oxidized LDL are enriched in cholesterol oxidation products called oxysterols, some of them are involved in the ability of oxidized LDL to induce cellular oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, mainly by apoptosis. Bis(Monoacylglycero)Phosphate (BMP) is a unique phospholipid localized preferentially in late endosomes, a central cellular compartment of LDL-cholesterol metabolism. In previous work, the team demonstrated the leading role of BMP in regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages. The aim of this work was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol. Thus, BMP regulates cholesterol efflux to HDL (high density lipoproteins) by mechanisms involving liver X receptors (LXRs) and ABCA1/ABCG1 (ATP binding cassette-type A1/G1) transporters. Moreover, we report BMP also exerts a protective role against the pro-apoptotic effect of oxidized LDL via a reduced production of intracellular pro-apoptotic oxysterols.As part of macrophage intracellular sterol traffic is regulated by oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs), we show that protective action of BMP against cytotoxic oxysterol effects in ORP11-silenced cells, was markedly abrogated, suggesting BMP exerts its protective role via a mechanism involving the function of ORP11 in intracellular sterol transport

Cahová, A., Comparison of unemployment in the selected municipalities with extended powers of South Moravian Region. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2014. The subject of the diploma thesis is to compare the evolution of unemployment in administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers Židlochovice and Hodonín. The work is divided into two main parts and as the processing method is used the statistical analysis. The first part contains theoretical issues related to unemployment. There are defined basic concepts, such as the labor market, supply and demand for labor, unemployment itself, its division, measurement and implications. Crucial practical part is focused on comparing the evolution of unemployment by age, educational attainment and the period of registration of candidates at the employment office. In conclusion, using the method appropriate adjustment of time series trend function is predicted unemployment rate in the coming years.

Forest rings are large features common in Ontario’s boreal forests that comprise circular topographic depressions in carbonate mineral soil that are filled with peat. This thesis documents differences in peat and soil chemistry along transects across the “Bean” and “Thorn North” rings, which are centered on accumulations of CH4 and H2S, respectively. Within the mineral soil, ring edges are characterized by strong negative anomalies in pH, ORP and carbonate, as well as positive anomalies of Al, Fe and Mn in the results of aqua regia and hydroxylamine-hydrochloride digestions. Within the peat, positive carbonate and pH anomalies are recorded. This antithetic relationship suggests vertical migration of carbonate species from clay to peat. An inverse relationship exists between ORP, versus redox inferred from aqua regia. Strong ORP lows occur where oxidized products show highest concentrations. This is interpreted to reflect the proliferation of autotrophic organisms occupying the strong redox gradient at the ring edge.

This thesis analyzes the labor market in the administrative districts of municipalities with extended competence Veselí nad Moravou in the period 2001 to 2011. In the analysis came selected indicators of the labor market, emphasis was placed on the unemployment rate, the economic activity rate and the number of job applicants per one vacancy. MEP was analyzed as a whole and then the individual municipalities were divided into clusters using cluster analysis.

The subject of the thesis is the comparison of selected socio-demographic indicators ORP Chrudim and ORP Polička. Demographic comparison is based on the population structure and basic demographic processes. This comparison is complemented by selected social indicators. Comparison of some indicators is not selected ORP, but also in the Czech Republic or the European Union and global trends.

No description available.

Forest rings are large features common in Ontario’s boreal forests that comprise circular topographic depressions in carbonate mineral soil that are filled with peat. This thesis documents differences in peat and soil chemistry along transects across the “Bean” and “Thorn North” rings, which are centered on accumulations of CH4 and H2S, respectively. Within the mineral soil, ring edges are characterized by strong negative anomalies in pH, ORP and carbonate, as well as positive anomalies of Al, Fe and Mn in the results of aqua regia and hydroxylamine-hydrochloride digestions. Within the peat, positive carbonate and pH anomalies are recorded. This antithetic relationship suggests vertical migration of carbonate species from clay to peat. An inverse relationship exists between ORP, versus redox inferred from aqua regia. Strong ORP lows occur where oxidized products show highest concentrations. This is interpreted to reflect the proliferation of autotrophic organisms occupying the strong redox gradient at the ring edge.

This thesis deals with measuring pH and ORP soils field and laboratory methods. Met-hods have been tested on more than 300 samples of soils, sediments and substrates. Soi-ls have different soil types, land types and climatic regions. In the theoretical part are summarized types of soil reaction and methods of their determination, information about the redox potential and specific electrolytic conductivity and methods of their determination. In Materials and methods is described sampling, and individual characte-ristics of the samples, and the various methods used for determining pH, ORP and con-ductivity measurement. Obtained data are statistically analyzed, and particular methods are compared.

No description available.