The purpose of this thesis is to develop a set of tracking systems for Multiple Persons on DSP-Based. There are three sub-systems in our tracking system, including ¡§Moving Object Detection¡¨, ¡§Contour Matching¡¨ and ¡§Ellipse Algorism¡¨. First of all, the system utilizes CCD camera to capture the image which we want to control, and then detects the moving object from the continuous image array. If the system detects an invador, it will make the position of this invador with the coordinate projection, and then lock the invador's head to track. Finally, the tracking system marks the coordinate separately and exports it in LCD. From the results of the experiment, this system does meet the expectation and obtain good performance and strong robustness.

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Les spectres contiennent de l'information sur la composition d'échantillons. Cette information est extraite au moyen d'une première famille d'outils chimiométriques, les étalonnages. Une deu xième famille d'outils, les prétraitements, est destinée à enlever une information spectrale nuisible. Etalonnages et prétraitements sont construits à partir de deux types d'informations: (1) les informations expérimentales basées sur l'expérience; (2) les informations expertes basées sur la connaissance a priori. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier les complémentarités et synergies entre ces deux types d'informations. Après une étude bibliographique, un modèle général commun aux étalonnages et prétraitements est proposé. L'information utile ou nuisible contenue dans un spectre est obtenue par projection orthogonale de ce spectre (selon un métrique Sigma) sur une matrice P dont les colonnes constituent une base de l'espace vectoriel associé à l'information utile ou nuisible. Selon les cas, l'information utile est conservée alors que l'information nuisible est éliminée. Le modèle général est ensuite implémenté par deux nouvelles méthodes. L'IDC-Improved Direct Calibration est une méthode d'étalonnage direct utilisant conjointement des informations expérimentales et expertes. Ensuite VODKA-PLSR est une généralisation de la PLSR. Un vecteur r est mis en évidence, il permet d'inclure de l'information experte dans le modèle. En conclusion ce travail permet une vision plus synthétique des modèles existants, propose deux nouveaux modèles d'étalonnage et ouvre de nombreuses possibilités pour créer de nouveaux modèles d'étalonnage et de prétraitement. / Spectra contain informations about the composition of samples. This information is obtained using calibration. Harmful spectral information can be previoulsy withdrawn using pretraitments. Both calibration and pretraitment models are based on two types of informations: (1) experimental information based on measurements onto samples; (2) expert information based on a previous knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to study the links between those two types of information. After a biography review, a general model including both calibrations and pretraitments is proposed. The usefull or harmful spectral information is obtained after spectra have been orthogonaly projected (with a Sigma metrix ) onto a P matrix whose columns define a basis of the vectorial subspace described by the usefull or harmful information. Thus usefull information is kept whereas harmful information is withdrawn. Two new methods are proposed. First IDC-Improved Direct Calibra tion is a direct calibration method using both experimental and expert informations. Then VODKA-PLSR is a generalisation of PLSR. A vector r permits the use of expert information by the regression model. To conclude, this works allows a global view of existing tools, proposes two new models and offers new possibilities for building new models.

This work, which is intended for secondary school pupils and teachers, is fo- cused on orthogonal axonometry for pupils and teachers at secondary schools. The thesis consists of exercises, some of them are stepped in presentations and can be found on the attached CD. Templates of models that students can build themselves are included in the first exercises for better understanding. The text is supplemented by the development of orthogonal axonometry and an analysis of the current state of orthogonal axonometry education in the Czech Republic, based on a questionnaire survey and an analysis of textbooks. The theoretical part of the work was prepared for publication on the website. 1

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From the Helichrysum genus 600 species occur in Africa of which 244 species are found in South Africa. The most commonly used Helichrysum species for medicinal purposes are H. cymosum, H. odoratissimum, H. petiolare and H. nudifolium. The medicinal uses include the treatment of coughs, colds, fever, infection, headaches, menstrual pain and are very popular for wound dressing. Previous published research has shown that H. aureonitens has antiviral properties against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In this study, further investigation into the Helichrysum species was undertaken, to establish the active constituents responsible for anti-HSV activity using a metabolomics approach. The cytotoxicity of 12 Helichrysum species was investigated and ranged from <3.125 μg/ml to 277.8 μg/ml on the vero cell line. The 12 Helichrysum species also showed various levels of antiviral activity against HSV, with both the water-methanol and chloroform extracts of H. adenocarpum subsp. adenocarpum being the most active extract at 25 μg/ml. In this study the activity of Helichrysum species against HIV-1 RT was also investigated. Helichrysum populifolium was the most active extract, inhibiting the HIV-1 RT enzyme by 63.78 % at 200 μg/ml. The bioactivity data and the spectral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of al the Helichrysum species from this study was analysed using the SIMCA-P software to discriminate between the different species on the basis of their bioactivity and chemical composition. The samples did not group well on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) but did separate well using the Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure – Discriminate Analysis (OPLS-DA) on the basis of their activity and NMR spectra data. From the OPLS scoring plots analysis, contribution plots were created which indicated regions responsible for the difference between the species, with these regions being investigated to identify the bioactive constituents. It was thus possible to use metabolomics to discriminate between samples on the basis of their activity and show that it could probably be used in future as a tool to identify active ingredients in medicinal plants and accelerate drug discovery. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Science / unrestricted

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Synopsis The thesis is concerned to cube solids and their use in primary school geometry. The main direction of the thesis is the development of children's spatial visualisation. The first part contains the explanation of key words in connected to spatial vizualization. I describe the environment of cube solids and work with them in various tasks. The second part includes records and analyses of my experiments, which were realized at two fourth grade classes within several months. First experiments were realized within regular lessons, later experiments in individual meetings. Analysing the experiments I identified and described several cognitive phenomena which I tried to explain in the conclusion.

Na tentativa de contornar os problemas ainda existentes para a detecção e identificação de erros grosseiros (EGs) no processo de estimação de estado em sistemas elétricos de potência (EESEP), realiza-se, neste trabalho, uma análise da formulação dos estimadores aplicados a sistemas elétricos de potência, em especial, o de mínimos quadrados ponderados, tendo em vista evidenciar as limitações dos mesmos para o tratamento de EGs. Em razão da dificuldade de detectar EGs em medidas pontos de alavancamento, foram também analisadas as metodologias desenvolvidas para identificação de medidas pontos de alavancamento. Através da formulação do processo de EESEP como um problema de álgebra linear, demonstra-se o porquê da impossibilidade de detectar EGs em determinadas medidas redundantes, sendo proposto, na seqüência, um método para identificação de medidas pontos de alavancamento. Para reduzir os efeitos maléficos dessas medidas no processo de EESEP verifica-se a possibilidade de aplicar outras técnicas estatísticas para o processamento de EGs, bem como técnicas para obtenção de uma matriz de ponderação adequada. / To overcome the problems still existent for gross errors (GEs) detection and identification in the process of power system state estimation (PSSE), the formulations of the estimators applied to power systems are analyzed, specially, the formulation of the weighted squares estimator. These analyses were performed to show the limitations of these estimators for GEs processing. As leverage points (LP) represent a problem for GEs processing, methodologies for LP identification were also verified. By means of the linear formulation of the PSSE process, the reason for the impossibility of GEs detection in some redundant measurements is shown and a method for LP identification is proposed. To minimize the bad effects of the LP to the PSSE process, the possibility of applying other statistic techniques for GEs processing, as well as techniques to estimate an weighting matrix are also analyzed.

Na tentativa de contornar os problemas ainda existentes para a detecção e identificação de erros grosseiros (EGs) no processo de estimação de estado em sistemas elétricos de potência (EESEP), realiza-se, neste trabalho, uma análise da formulação dos estimadores aplicados a sistemas elétricos de potência, em especial, o de mínimos quadrados ponderados, tendo em vista evidenciar as limitações dos mesmos para o tratamento de EGs. Em razão da dificuldade de detectar EGs em medidas pontos de alavancamento, foram também analisadas as metodologias desenvolvidas para identificação de medidas pontos de alavancamento. Através da formulação do processo de EESEP como um problema de álgebra linear, demonstra-se o porquê da impossibilidade de detectar EGs em determinadas medidas redundantes, sendo proposto, na seqüência, um método para identificação de medidas pontos de alavancamento. Para reduzir os efeitos maléficos dessas medidas no processo de EESEP verifica-se a possibilidade de aplicar outras técnicas estatísticas para o processamento de EGs, bem como técnicas para obtenção de uma matriz de ponderação adequada. / To overcome the problems still existent for gross errors (GEs) detection and identification in the process of power system state estimation (PSSE), the formulations of the estimators applied to power systems are analyzed, specially, the formulation of the weighted squares estimator. These analyses were performed to show the limitations of these estimators for GEs processing. As leverage points (LP) represent a problem for GEs processing, methodologies for LP identification were also verified. By means of the linear formulation of the PSSE process, the reason for the impossibility of GEs detection in some redundant measurements is shown and a method for LP identification is proposed. To minimize the bad effects of the LP to the PSSE process, the possibility of applying other statistic techniques for GEs processing, as well as techniques to estimate an weighting matrix are also analyzed.