The principal contribution of this dissertation is a theory of Strongly Orthotropic Continuum Mechanics that is derived entirely from an assertion of geometric strain indeterminacy. Implementable into the finite element method, it can resolve widespread kinematic misrepresentations and offer unique and purportedly exact strain-induced energies by removing the assumptions of strain tensor symmetry. This continuum theory births the proposal of a new class of physical tensors described as the Intrinsic Field Tensors capable of generalising the response of most classical mechanical metrics, a number of specialised formulations and the solutions shown to be kinematically intermediate. A series of numerical examples demonstrate Euclidean objectivity, material frame-indifference, patch test satisfaction, and agreement between the subsequent Material Principal Co-rotation and P??I??C decomposition methods that produce the intermediary stress/strain fields. The encompassing theory has wide applicability owing to its fundamental divergence from conventional mechanics, it offers non-trivial outcomes when applied to even very simple problems and its use of not the Eulerian, Lagrangian but the Intrinsic Frame generates previously unreported results in strongly orthotropic continua.

abstract: Composite materials are widely used in various structural applications, including within the automotive and aerospace industries. Unidirectional composite layups have replaced other materials such as metals due to composites’ high strength-to-weight ratio and durability. Finite-element (FE) models are actively being developed to model response of composite systems subjected to a variety of loads including impact loads. These FE models rely on an array of measured material properties as input for accuracy. This work focuses on an orthotropic plasticity constitutive model that has three components – deformation, damage and failure. The model relies on the material properties of the composite such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, stress-strain curves in the principal and off-axis material directions, etc. This thesis focuses on two areas important to the development of the FE model – tabbing of the test specimens and data processing of the tests used to generate the required stress-strain curves. A comparative study has been performed on three candidate adhesives using double lap-shear testing to determine their effectiveness in composite specimen tabbing. These tests determined the 3M DP460 epoxy performs best in shear. The Loctite Superglue with 80% the ultimate stress of the 3M DP460 epoxy is acceptable when test specimens have to be ready for testing within a few hours. JB KwikWeld is not suitable for tabbing. In addition, the Experimental Data Processing (EDP) program has been improved for use in post-processing raw data from composites test. EDP has improved to allow for complete processing with the implementation of new weighted least squares smoothing options, curve averaging techniques, and new functionality for data manipulation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil Engineering 2016

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22414号 / 工博第4675号 / 新制||工||1729(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉浦 邦征, 教授 河野 広隆, 教授 八木 知己 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The purpose of this thesis is the design of a load-bearing steel structure of a pedestrian footbridge across the river Opava. Two variants were taken into consideration - steel tied-arc footbridge and truss footbridge. Tied-arc variant with orthotropic deck was found the most suitable for detailed proposal. The span of the footbridge is 65,00 m and height of the structure is 7 m.

This thesis involves the derivation of a constitutive model under large deformationtheory using Updated Lagrange method applied on an orthotropic material.Thefollowing aspects are included in this thesis work: introduction, theory, FEM implementation, derivation of constitutive model, calibration, result, discussion, conclusion and the future work. This thesis studies the deformation behavior of wood, which is widely used as aconstruction material, in an advanced and more detailed way by analyzing the mechanical properties of wood from both, the application in laboratory and theoreticalcalculation under large deformation theory. A non-linear elastic constitutive model is proposed, derived and calibrated using asimple inverse analysis procedure. The calibration process was performed to identify8 constitutive parameters A1 − A8 of the constitutive model by performing inverseanalysis against relevant experimental data acquired using the Aramis system. Theresults in the comparison were extracted from the specimen when it is both intangential orientation and radial orientation. The project work will be dedicated to the development of a Finite Element Method(FEM) code implemented in MATLAB scripts which was directly used to study themechanical properties of the orthotropic wood material when hyper-elastic behavioris assumed. The results will contain three parts: 1) study of the influence of pith location onthe load required to deform the specimen specimen, 2) reaction force comparisonof the model results against experimental results, and, 3) comparison of the GreenLagrangian strain pattern over the specimen between the experimental data and themodel’s results.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18653号 / 工博第3962号 / 新制||工||1610(附属図書館) / 31567 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉浦 邦征, 教授 白土 博通, 教授 河野 広隆 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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No / In this paper, a new three-dimensional spline finite strip method (spline FSM) is introduced. This is done by combining the classical spline finite strip method [1] and the state space approach. According to the traditional spline FSM, a laminated plate is divided into strips. Within each strip, the spline FSM calls for the use of simple polynomials and a continuously differentiable spline function, respectively, in the transverse and in-plane directions. In the through-thickness direction, the state space method is used to compute the distribution of displacements and stresses. The combination of the in-plane spline FSM and the out-of-plane state space formulations results in a global state space equation that is solved numerically by the precise time step integration method [2,3]. Apart from obtaining a three-dimensional solution, the new method has a unique feature that the final algebra equation system is independent of the number of material layers of a laminate. The main aim of this work is to establish the new solution procedure and validate the method. To this end, the work reported in the paper focus on laminated plates with arbitrary boundary conditions. Thus, the spline FSM is more flexible than the FSM in imposing boundary conditions. Future development is expected to extend the solution to more practical applications. From the numerical validation included, it can be seen clearly that the newly developed method can provide accurate three dimensional solutions for laminated composites, particularly, with continuous transverse stress distributions across material interfaces. This is normally difficult to obtain if a traditional three dimensional finite element is used, where only continuity of displacements across material boundaries are guaranteed. Apart from the above new feature, the new three-dimensional formulation always ends up with a global matrix whose dimension depends only on the number of strips and knots that a plate has been divided into, and is completely independent of the number of material layers of the plate.

Three series of tests were conducted on a sandwich plate bridge deck, which consisted of two steel plates and an elastomer core. The first series of testing was conducted by applying a static load on a full scale sandwich plate bridge deck panel. Local strains and deflections were measured to determine the panel's behavior under two loading conditions. Next, fatigue tests were performed on the longitudinal weld between two sandwich plate panels. Two connections were tested to 10 million cycles, one connection was tested to 5 million cycles, and one connection was tested to 100,000 cycles. The fatigue class of the weld was determined and an S-N curve was created for the longitudinal weld group. Finally, a series of experiments was performed on a half scale continuous bridge deck specimen. The maximum positive and negative flexural bending moments were calculated and the torsional properties were examined. Finite element models were created for every load case in a given test series to predict local strains and deflections. All finite element analyses were preformed by Intelligent Engineering, Ltd. A comparison of measured values and analytical values was preformed for each test series. Most measured values were within five to ten percent of the predicted values. Shear lag in the half scale bridge was studied, and an effective width to be used for design purposes was determined. The effective width of the half scale simple span sandwich plate bridge deck was determined to be the physical width. Finally, supplemental research is recommended and conclusions are drawn. / Master of Science

The mechanics of a woven wire mesh material are investigated to characterize the elasto--plastic behavior of this class of materials under tensile conditions. The study focuses on a representative 316L stainless steel (3161 SS) 325x2300 twill-dutch woven wire mesh typically used as a fine filtration media in applications such as water reclamation, air filtration, and as a key component in swab wands used in conjunction with explosive trace detection (Em) equipment. Mechanical experiments and a 3-D finite element model (FEM) are employed to study the macro-scale and meso-scale mechanical behavior of the woven wire mesh under uniaxial tensile conditions. A parametric study of the orientation dependence of the mechanical response of this material ~ been carried out, relating material properties such as elastic modulus, yield strength, etc. to material orientation. Ratcheting type tensile tests are also performed in a similar orientation study, and an elementary damage model is presented for the woven wire mesh based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM). The meso-scale behavior of the wire mesh is studied via the finite element method, and observations are made relating wire scale conditions to macro-scale material behavior.