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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka fyra till femåringars tidigare kunskaper om, samt hur de tar till sig kunskap om ett tekniskt system- i en strukturerad aktivitet. Studien är genomförd med kvalitativa intervjuer, aktivitet samt en deltagande observation vid en efterföljande lek, där barnen fick möjlighet att utforska pantsystemet. I studien deltog sammanlagt åtta barn i fyra till fem års ålder, där barnen först fick svara på en för-intervju så att forskarna kunde ta reda på barnens förkunskaper. Sedan blev barnen introducerade för en aktivitet med material där pantsystemet blev presenterad för dem. Efter aktiviteten blev det efterföljande lek som genomfördes med en deltagande observation där barnen fick undersöka pantsystemet, därefter blev det efterintervju för att ta reda på vad barnen har tagit till sig av kunskap. Resultatet i studien visar att barnen har förmåga att ta till sig kunskaper om det tekniska systemet om pantning genom sitt görande och svar på frågorna.

Kungälvs kommun har beslutat att minska andelen köpta boendeplatser för att göra kostnadsminskningar inom ramen för Lagen om stöd och särskild service till vissa funktionshindrade. För att göra detta behöver kommunen göra omlokaliseringar av individer till hemkommunen, individer som idag har LSS-boende i en annan kom-mun och eller hos en privat aktör.Syftet med uppsatsen är att redogöra för en kommuns skyldigheter, rättigheter och presentera verktyg för fortsatt arbete. Lagar och prejudicerande domar analyseras för att på så sätt belysa en kommuns handlingsutrymme vid omlokaliseringar. En workshop hålls med projektgruppen för att identifiera de aspekter som är av intresse för Kungälvs kommun i frågan.Resultatet visar på att en kommun har ett visst handlingsutrymme i hur insatsen bo-ende genomförs, samtidigt som det klart framgår av prejudicerande domar att hand-lingsutrymmet inte är obegränsat. Goda levnadsvillkor för individen väger tungt och sådana måste tillförsäkras när en kommun ska göra en omlokalisering.I uppsatsen presenteras ett begreppssystem som kan underlätta hanteringen av den typ av intresseavvägningar som kan behöva göras, och ett förslag ges på hur problem som rör omlokaliseringar skulle kunna hanteras. / The municipality of Kungälv has decided to reduce the proportion of purchased ac-commodation to reduce the cost within the Swedish act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments [Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade] (LSS). To do this, the municipality needs to relocate in-dividuals that has accommodation in another municipality and/or hosted by a private organization to an accommodation hosted in and by Kungälv municipality.The purpose of the thesis is to describe a municipality's duties, rights and show avail-able tools for continued work. Laws and precedent judgments are analyzed in order to clarify a municipality's room for maneuver when relocating individuals. A work-shop within the project group is held to identify the aspects that are of interest to the municipality of Kungälv in the field.The result shows that a municipality has some leeway regarding the implementation of the accommodation location, but at the same time it is clear according to prece-dent judgements that the room for maneuver is not unlimited. Good living condi-tions for the individual weigh heavily, and this must be ensured before the munici-pality makes the relocation.The thesis presents a concept system that can facilitate the management of the type of balancing of interests that may need to be done, and a suggestion is given on how problems related to relocations could be handled.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore how decision situations with varying degrees of perceived risk affect people’s attitudes to human and artificial intelligence (AI) decision-making support. While previous studies have focused on the trust, fairness, reliability and fear of artificial intelligence, robots and algorithms in relation to decision support, the risk inherent in the decision situation has been largely ignored. An online survey with a mixed approach was conducted to investigate artificial intelligence and human decision support in risky situations. Two scenarios were presented to the survey participants. In the scenario where the perceived situational risk was low, selecting a restaurant, people expressed a positive attitude towards relying on and accepting recommendations provided by an AI. In contrast, in the perceived high-risk scenario, purchasing a home, people expressed an equal reluctance to rely on or accept both AI and human recommendations. The limitations of this investigation are primarily related to the challenges of creating a common understanding of concepts such as AI and a relatively homogenous survey group. The implication of this study is that AI may currently be best applied to situations characterized by perceived low risk if the intention is to convince people to rely on and accept AI recommendations, and in the future if AI becomes autonomous, to accept decisions.

This report analyzes the consequences of the proposed changes to the revenue framework presented in the report Ei R2017:07. The analysis is made for Mellersta Skånes Kraft, a small electricity grid company located in the countryside of Skåne county. The analysis presents investment proposals for future regulatory periods. Energimarknadsinspektionen controls electricity grid owners revenues by setting a revenue framework they are obligated to follow. The revenue framework is divided into regulatory periods that extends over four years, before each regulatory period the regulatory framework is reviewed. This can entail burdensome administrative work, especially for small electricity grid companies as they do not always have the time or resources to fully evaluate the consequences of the changes that are about to come. The analysis is based on Ei's proposal to change their determination of depreciation times, determination of WACC and their age determination of specific parts of the power grid. In the result, the revenue frame is presented for two investment options as well as for the existing electricity grid in selected areas in the MSK grid. The result shows that the revenue framework will fall considerably between the current and future regulatory period, much due to the companies’ WACC is expected to decrease and the proposal to abolish the 38-year rule.

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Waiting lines is something people experience every day but many  people still hate them especially at grocery stores. For many years, the manual barcode reader has been optimal solution to deal with waiting lines at grocery stores. But, recently, Amazon and Hypercity have  shown that it could be more effective to use mobile self – checkout services to remove waiting lines. In Sweden, the idea of having a mobile self – checkout service has not yet reached out to the larger part of the market. There is, therefore, possible to benefit from introducing a mobile self – checkout service before the competitions start to move. The purpose of this study has, therefore, been to design a mobile  self – checkout service for grocery stores which fulfills the user  experiences better than available self - checkout services. The research has been conducted through a case study, this has been done to  understand the depth of the customers’ user experiences. The result has shown that people don’t like to spend too much time learning a new system and want to be competent at carrying out tasks without too much effort. The result concludes that users have high requirements for efficiency, this is because they want to perform their intended tasks without having to waste much time. The users desire to carry out their tasks with as few steps as possible. If possible, the users want tasks to be completed similar to Amazons 1 – Click technique which allows  customers to make online purchases with a single click.

BRP+ är ett ramverk som utvecklats för att mäta svensk regional utveckling utifrån ett livskvalitets- och hållbarhetsperspektiv. BRP+ omfattar ett antal temaområden som i sin tur omfattar olika aspekter och indikatorer. Den första genomförda mätningen med ramverket som grund presenterades 2018. För att studera förändring av regional utveckling över tid använder man ett jämförelseår fem år tillbaka i tiden. Detta examenarbete är en beslutsanalytisk granskning av aggregeringen av aspekter och indikatorer i BRP+, med särskilt fokus på vad en ökning eller en minskning inom en indikator motsvarar i förhållande till en ökning eller en minskning inom en annan indikator samt vilka konsekvenser ett byte av jämförelseår får för resultatet. Granskningen har avgränsats till temaområdet Medborgarengagemang och demokratisk delaktighet. Resultatet visar att konstruktionen av BRP+ medför att valet av jämförelseår får stor betydelse för hur skillnader i ett avseende värderas i förhållande till skillnader i ett annat avseende, vilket i sin tur leder till en viss problematik gällande rangordningsomkastning (eng. rank reversal) och får som konsekvens att den vägledning BRP+ kan ge beslutsfattare är begränsad. / BRP+ is a framework created to measure Swedish regional development from a quality of life and sustainability perspective. BRP + is compiled of several thematic areas which respectively include numerous aspects and indicators. To study how the regions have developed over time BRP+ uses an index year five years back in time as reference point. The first BRP+ composite index was released in 2018. This thesis is a decision-analytic review of the aggregation of aspects and indicators in BRP+. Focus lies on how the increase or decrease within one indicator corresponds to the increase or decrease within another indicator and the consequences of changing the reference year used when assessing development over time. This review has been limited to study the thematic area of Civic Engagement and Democratic Participation. The results show that the construction of BRP+ in conjunction with a change of reference year for assessing development over time has an impact on how the increase or decrease within one indicator is valued in relation to the increase or decrease within another indicator and leads to a rank reversal issue. Therefore, decision-makers may find a somewhat limited support from BRP+.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine how an information visualisation about what happens in the human body of type 1 diabetics for children can look like. Initially, theory about information visualisation, principles of information design, image rethorics and different theories around what makes a good information image was studied. Following, four pre studies were conducted to support the reason for the main study to be conducted, develop criteria for how an information visualisation should and must be, examine in what context children are used to see pictures and to get confirmation on what metaphors and explanations are used to explain diabetes type 1. The results from the pre studies were brought into a design process as foundation for the further work. The design process began with brainstorming, sketching and a valuation of the produced concepts. The two concepts which performed best during the valuation were designed and brought into another valuation fase with the target group of this thesis where one of the design solutions performed better. The conclusion of this thesis is that an information visualisation about what happens in the human body of type 1 diabetics for children can be a joyful children's book, where the pages are designed with help of design principles for information design. The images on the pages should be large enough for the children to understand what is illustrated. 15cm x 15cm has proven to be a reasonable size for the pages. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur en informationsvisualisering om vad som händer i kroppen vid diabetes typ 1 för barn kan se ut. Inledningsvis studerades teori gällande informationsvisualisering, principer inom informationsdesign, bildretorik och olika teorier kring vad som är en bra informationsbild. Sedan följde fyra stycken förstudier för att underbygga anledningen till varför denna studie skulle genomföras, ta fram kriterier för hur en informationsvisualisering måste vara, undersöka i vilka sammanhang barn brukar se bilder och få bekräftelse på vilka liknelser ochförklaringsmodeller som används för att förklara diabetes typ 1. Resultaten av förstudierna togs med in i en designprocess som underlag för det vidare arbetet. Designprocessen inleddes med brainstorming, skissering och värdering av de framtagna koncepten. De två koncept som presterade bäst under värderingen formgavs och togs vidare in i en värderingsfas med studiens målgrupp, där en designlösning presterade bättre. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att en informationsvisualisering om vad som händer i kroppen vid diabetes typ 1 för barn kan vara en lustfylld barnbok där sidorna är utformade med hjälp av designprinciper för informationsdesign. Bilderna på sidorna bör vara så pass stora att barnen kan förstå vad det är på bilderna. 15cm x 15cm har visat sig vara en bra storlek på sidor.

Due to current consumption and production patterns of products, pressure on already constrained natural resources, an increasing global population, increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reduced access to clean water globally, studying manufacturing companies’ inclusion of sustainability aspects in their product development becomes important. The aim of this thesis is to expand current knowledge on the inclusion of sustainability aspects in product development at manufacturing companies. More specifically, the expansion of current knowledge covers how manufacturing companies include sustainability aspects in product development, the challenges manufacturing companies may face when including sustainability aspects in product development, and the reasons for these challenges. To fulfil this aim, a literature study and a multiple case study were conducted at two international, listed, manufacturing companies in Sweden. Empirical data was collected using semi-structured interviews with two employees at each company and by analyzing the companies’ latest sustainability report. Empirical results include two context-dependent descriptions of how manufacturing companies include sustainability aspects in product development, 21 challenges the companies face, and 14 reasons for those challenges. Conclusions include: (1) the role of conventional methods when including sustainability aspects in product development has been largely ignored in prior research; (2) a company’s product owner influences the inclusion of sustainability aspects in product development, and in product requirements in particular; (3) the following three challenges are proposed incorporated in a comprehensive framework of challenges that has been developed in prior research: Making suppliers fulfil the sustainability requirements that are placed on them. Transforming sustainability aspects, or general goals, into measurable requirements that contribute to reduced environmental impact from products while at the same time contributing to competitive profit. Identifying how to reach economic goals more efficiently with a more sustainable initiative or solution than other initiatives.