Bakgrund Morfologisk kunskap har visats gynna läsutvecklingen vilket lett till ökat forskningsintresse för hur morfologisk träning och medvetandegörande kan främja läsförmågan, framförallt bland elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Hur morfologisk kunskap ter sig i typisk språkproduktion och huruvida morfologiska skillnader finns beroende på om produktionen utgörs av tal eller skrift är däremot mindre beforskat. En svårighet när det kommer till forskning om morfologisk produktion är att morfologiskt processande sannolikt sker under den språkliga förberedelsefasen vilken är svår att undersöka experimentellt. Ett sätt att fånga morfologiskt processande under produktion är att undersöka när personer möter svårigheter och hur de bearbetar dessa svårigheter.  Syfte Studiens syfte var att undersöka eventuella samband mellan morfologisk osäkerhet (dvs. pauser, revideringar och fel) i talat och skrivet språk samt undersöka om dessa osäkerheter avspeglas i ett morfologiskt kunskapstest. Metod Nitton högstadieelever fick genomföra en skrivuppgift, en muntlig uppgift samt ett nykonstruerat morfologiskt kunskapstest. Elevernas skrivprocess registrerades med hjälp av keystroke-logging för att analysera morfologisk osäkerhet under skrivande samt andel morfologiska fel och särskrivningar i den slutgiltiga elevtexten. Den muntliga uppgiften spelades in och analyserades med avseende på morfologisk osäkerhet under muntlig framställning. Morfologitestet, vilket bestod av sex deltester, genomfördes skriftligt och det sammanlagda resultatet för varje elev beräknades.  Resultat Ingen elev uppvisade morfologisk osäkerhet under muntlig produktion. Under skrivande noterades följande processer i morfemgränser på gruppnivå: pauser (10,21%), revideringar (1,31%), fel (0,49%) och särskrivningar (0,52%). Andel morfologiska osäkerheter under skriftlig produktion hade inget signifikant samband med resultatet på det morfologiska kunskapstestet. Post hoc-analys visade dock ett positivt samband mellan morfologiska pauser i skrivprocessen och antal poäng på ett deltest som undersöker morfologisk-syntaktisk kunskap.  Slutsatser Denna explorativa studie indikerar att morfologisk osäkerhet är ovanlig i talproduktion men att det kan förekomma i skrivprocessen, främst genom pauser i morfemgränser.  Resultatet antyder vidare att samband finns mellan pauser i morfemgränser under egen produktion och resultatet på ett test avsett att mäta morfologisk-syntaktisk kunskap. Resultatet bör dock tolkas aktsamt med hänsyn till det låga deltagarantalet och studiens explorativa angreppssätt.

TITLE: Association of Alcohol Use, Depression, and Pain among Cancer Patients AUTHOR INFO Nneoma Ubah Manik Ahuja Eugene Annor Author(s) Affiliations: College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States Background: Cancer is often a chronic illness that evolves with pain. Studies have shown that 60% of patients with cancer are burdened with pain, and 25% to 30% have severe pain. Uncontrolled pain has been recognized as one of the significant causes of depression among cancer patients. Depression is a comorbid syndrome that affects 25% of cancer patients, but only 5% see a mental health professional. Major depressive disorders have very high rates of comorbidity, with substance use disorders ranging from 12% to 80%. However, there is limited data on the association of depression, alcohol use disorders, and pain among cancer patients. This study aims to identify this association. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative U.S. telephone-based survey of adults aged 18 and above. We also extracted data for cancer patients (n=8,963). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the association between pain associated with cancer and two outcomes, depression, and alcohol use. We controlled for income, race, educational status, health insurance status, race/ethnic minority status, and age. Results: Overall, 8.6% (n=843) of patients reported pain from their cancer, while 20.2% reported depression and 44.4% reported alcohol use. Pain from cancer was associated with significantly higher odds of depression (OR=1.75, 95% CI, 1.49, 2.05) along with low income (OR=1.93, 95% CI, 1.73, 2.16) and less than high school education (OR=1.30, 95% CI, 1.02, 1.65). Pain from cancer was not significantly associated with alcohol use, while male gender (OR=1.46, 95% CI, 1.34, 1.58) among cancer patients predicted higher odds of alcohol use. Conclusion: Depression and alcohol use have been identified as significant problems among cancer patients with pain. Among the cancer patients studied, pain from cancer was not significantly associated with alcohol use. However, cancer patients burdened with pain were more likely to suffer depression. This indicates a need to invest more effort in identifying cancer patients with depression and managing their pain appropriately to improve their outcomes. Proper pain management should also be prioritized in cancer care to prevent depression. Keywords: Pain management, Cancer Pain, Alcohol, Depression.

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Stasband används i samband med intravenösa stick inom vården. Ortrud Medical har utvecklat tryckindikerande stasband som används för att optimera förutsättningarna för ett lyckat stick. Banden är utformade med en sensor som påvisar när trycket runt armen befinner sig inom ett visst intervall. Som en del av Ortrud Medicals mättester av stasbandet, har det här examensarbetet haft som syfte att utveckla och utreda noggrannheten i alternativa testmetoder som på ett effektivt sätt kan undersöka bandets sensor. I arbetet utvecklades en testrigg för att undersöka sensorns mätnoggrannhet och vidare användes testriggen för att samla in information om sensorn. Riggens grundstruktur kunde framgångsrikt användas för att genomföra olika typer av tester. Såväl den framtagna riggen som de undersökta testmetoderna utgör bra underlag för vidareutveckling av en standardiserad testmetod med flera påbyggnadsmöjligheter.

Uromodulin (UMOD) is a protein made exclusively in the thick ascending limb. Clinical studies have demonstrated that rare missense mutations in UMOD result in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney diseases manifest by tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), tubular cysts and a rapid progression to renal failure. In addition, several genome wide association studies reported that common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the UMOD gene are associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Interestingly, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats exhibit many of the same pathologies observed in these clinical populations with alterations in UMOD. The goal of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative aspects of UMOD via western blotting, and the extent of SS hypertension and proteinuria in Dahl SS vs. a consomic rat strain in which chromosome 1 of the salt-resistant Brown-Norway (BN) rat, harboring the UMOD gene, has been introgressed into the Dahl SS background (SS.BN1). We hypothesized that differences in UMOD would be apparent in SS vs. SS.BN1 rats maintained on a low salt-diet and that the extent of SS hypertension and proteinuria would be attenuated in SS.BN1 vs SS rats. Western blot of urinary UMOD was performed in 16 week old SS (n=5), SS.BN1 (n=7) and BN (n=6) rats maintained on a low salt (LS) diet. BP (radiotelemetry) and proteinuria were assessed during LS feeding and during three weeks of high salt (HS) feeding in a different group of 8-10 week old SS (n=9) and SS.BN1 (n=8) rats. For western blotting, urine was normalized based on the protein concentration, and the density of the 85 kDa UMOD band in SS and SS.BN1 samples were normalized to the average density observed in BN rats. The UMOD band was 4.5 fold higher (p In summary, these data demonstrate striking qualitative and quantitative differences in UMOD between SS and SS.BN1 rats. The pattern of UMOD expression in SS rats is consistent with that observed in some patient populations of UMOD associated kidney disease. Finally, the evidence that SS.BN1 rats, harboring the UMOD gene from BN rats, exhibit significant protection against SS hypertension and proteinuria is consistent with the notion that an alteration in UMOD function may, in part, be responsible for such pathologies in SS rats.

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This thesis explores the possibility of using patient reported symptom descriptions to predicthow patients will report their symptoms on 3-D body models. The feasibility of using embeddingmodels to map self-reported symptom descriptions to symptom categories is investigated usingdimensionality reduction techniques such as t-SNE and UMAP. The findings highlight how thereexists promising clustering between various correlated groups of symptoms, indicating that theembedding space of patient reported symptom descriptions may be granular enough todistinguish between symptom groups. The thesis also discusses pathways and potentialimplementations utilizing embeddings and other features from patient reported symptoms toimplement predictive medical-AI models. A thorough discussion regarding bias, marginalization,safety, privacy concerns and the need for transparency in a clinical setting is discussed.Potential benefits of a clinical implementation are discussed, such as enhanced patient-doctorcommunication for marginalized groups, such as non-native speakers, and more efficiency ininitial assessment, specifically for emergency care or local clinical centers. The findings suggestfurther research in applying embeddings to patient reported symptoms could show promise indeveloping the medical AI models of tomorrow’s healthcare system.

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