Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-15T11:56:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoCesarAndriolaCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 1817208 bytes, checksum: 513d53ff5b107ffefc3220ff658f24fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-16T16:04:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoCesarAndriolaCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 1817208 bytes, checksum: 513d53ff5b107ffefc3220ff658f24fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T16:04:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoCesarAndriolaCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 1817208 bytes, checksum: 513d53ff5b107ffefc3220ff658f24fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-19 / A otite externa canina ? uma enfermidade relevante na cl?nica veterin?ria. Considerando a elevada frequ?ncia de atendimentos de c?es com otite externa bacteriana, objetivou-se identificar a frequ?ncia etiol?gica da otopatia e tra?ar o perfil de resist?ncia dos Staphylococcus Meticilina Resistentes (SMR) e enterobact?rias produtoras de Beta-Lactamases de Espectro Estendido (ESBL) em pacientes ambulatoriais e de internamento. As amostras foram submetidas a isolamento prim?rio, testes de susceptibilidade ? antimicrobianos e de resist?ncia bacteriana. Para os Staphylococcus sp. aplicou-se o Teste D (Disk Test) e o teste de Resist?ncia ? Meticilina (Met-25). Nas cepas positivas para o Met-25 foi feita Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para detec??o do gene mecA. Para estirpes positivas na PCR foi determinada a Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM) do gluconato de clorexidina. Os grupos bacterianos isolados das 140 amostras coletadas foram: Staphylococcus sp. (122 ? 49,38%), Pseudomonas sp. (22 ? 8,91%), enterobact?rias (19 ? 7,69%), Enterococcus sp. (17 ? 6,88%) e Acinetobacter sp. (12 ? 4,86%). Foram isoladas 14 cepas de SMR (11,47%) e todas continham o gene mecA. Observou-se que 14 Staphylococcus sp. foram Teste D positivo. Para os Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP) a CBM foi de 500.000?g/mL (0,5%) enquanto que para os Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN) o valor da CBM foi de 62.500?g/mL (0,0625%). Detectou-se 3 cepas de enterobact?rias ESBL. Os antimicrobianos mais efetivos para Staphylococcus sp. foram: Linezolida (100%), Rifampicina (94,26%) e Cloranfenicol (92,62%). Para Pseudomonas sp.: Cefepime (100%), Imipenem (100%) e Meropenem (100%). Para as enterobact?rias: Ertapenem (100%), Imipenem (100%) e Cefotaxima (84,21%). Para Enterococcus sp.: Cloranfenicol (100%), Linezolida (94,12%) e Vancomicina (88,24%). Para Acinetobacter sp.: Imipenem (100%), Meropenem (100%) e Ticarcilina com Clavulanato (91,67%). Apesar do gene mecA e de enterobact?rias produtoras de ESBL terem baixa ocorr?ncia neste estudo, existe a necessidade de um monitoramento constante em cepas isoladas de animais dom?sticos. Cultura bacteriol?gica e os testes de suscetibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos s?o de grande import?ncia na rotina cl?nica veterin?ria para garantir o sucesso do tratamento de infec??es otol?gicas caninas. / The canine external otitis is a relevant disease regarding veterinary clinic. Considering the high frequency of treatment of dogs with external bacteria otitis, this research aims to identify the etiological frequency of otopathy and trace the resistance profile of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) and enterobacteria that produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in outpatients and internment patients. The samples were submitted to primary isolation, tests of antimicrobial susceptibility and bacterial resistance. For the Staphylococcus sp. the Disk Test was applied along with the resistance test to Methicillin (Met-25). In the positive strains for Met-25, a Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the mecA gene. For the PCR positive strains, a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of chlorhexidine gluconate was determined. The isolated bacterial groups of the 140 samples collected were: Staphylococcus sp. (122 ? 49.38%), Pseudomonas sp. (22 ? 8.91%), enterobacteria (19 ? 7.69%), Enterococcus sp. (17 ? 6.88%) and Acinetobacter sp. (12 ? 4.86%). 14 MRS strains (11.47%) were observed and all off them had the mecA gene. 14 Staphylococcus sp. were Disk Test positive. Concerning the positive Staphylococcus coagulase, the MBC was 500.00?g/mL (0.5%) whereas for the negative Staphylococcus coagulase the MBC value was 62.500?g/mL (0.0625%). 3 ESBL enterobacteria strains were detected. The more effective antimicrobial for the Staphylococcus sp. were: Linezolid (100%), Rifampicin (94.26%) and Chloramphenicol (92.62%). Regarding the Pseudomonas sp.: Cefepime (100%), Imipenem (100%) and Meropenem (100%). Regarding the enterobacteria: Ertapenem (100%), Imipenem (100%) and Cefotaxime (84.21%). Regarding the Enterococcus sp.: Chloramphenicol (100%), Linezolid (94.12%) and Vancomycin (88.24%). Regarding the Acinetobacter sp.: Imipenem (100%), Meropenem (100%) and Ticarcillin with Clavulanate (91.67%). Although the mecA gene and the enterobacteria that produce ESBL are briefly presented in this research, there is a need for constant monitoring of isolated strains in domestic animals. The bacteriological growth and the susceptibility tests in the antimicrobial agents are of great importance in the veterinary clinic routine in order to insure the success in treating canine otological infections.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_eduardo_negri.pdf: 3971714 bytes, checksum: 63cf711c12a26111d352960e989f0624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / The goals of this study were to relate cases of ceruminous and purulent external otitis canine in relation to age and breed of the dog, clinical evolution, ear conformation, clinical and microbiological findings; evaluate the effect of topical therapy associated to ceruminolytics in ears with ceruminous external otitis and, evaluate the effect of the ear flushing in ears with purulent external otitis. The ears were evaluated by type of secretion in ceruminous (OC) or purulent (OP). For the treatment of ceruminous external otitis 40 ears were divided in groups A and B, with group A being treated with ceruminolytic and ear solution, and B only with ear solution. For the treatment of purulent otitis 36 ears were divided in groups A1 and B1. The ears of both groups were treated with topical solution and systemic antimicrobial. In group A1 was performed an only ear flushing at day 0.The ears was evaluated clinically (0, 15, 30, 45 days of treatment), and the ears with no pruritus, cerumen/exudate in the acoustic conch and erythema in the clinical otoscopy were discharged. Samples for microbiological evaluation were collected in the three studies. The cases of OC in relation to OP were more frequent in the breed poodle and in the breed brazilian fila, respectivelly, in pendulous ears the evolution of OP was chronic. The average age in OC was 3.3, and in OP, 4.4. The OC were characterized by erythema in the acoustic conch and variable amount of cerumen, and the OP were characterized by the shaking of the head, bad smell, exudate in the acoustic conch, otalgia, ulcers and stenosis and the moderate to intense amount of exudate. In the OC cytology there was predominance of Gram + cocci and yeast, in OP Gram rods and Gram + cocci. In OC the main isolates were M. pachydermatis and S. intermedius. In OP they were Proteus sp., P. aeruginosa and S. intermedius. Amoxicillin associated to clavulanic acid in OC and tobramycin in OP were the antibacterial more effective. In the evaluation of the treatment of OC it was observed that, at day 45, 14 ears of group A and 10 of group B were discharged. However, statistic differences between the treatments in all evaluation were not observed. In the first collection, M. pachydermatis and S. intermedius were isolated, at day 30, none of the samples presented bacterial growth. In the treatment of OP, both groups showed reduced clinical signs at day 45, being discharged 13 ears of group A1 and 12 of group B1. Gram and Gram + were isolated, which decreased in both treatments. Gentamicin was the most effectiveness antibacterial for both studies. It was concluded that, in the conditions studied there was difference in relation to the age, breed, clinical evolution, clinical signs, cytology, isolation and sensibility to antibiotics between ceruminous and purulent otitis; the use of ceruminolytic and ear flushing at day 0, in OC and OP respectively, did not show difference in the reduction of clinical signs, bacterial and fungal isolation and in clinical discharge. / Este estudo objetivou relacionar casos de otite externa canina ceruminosa e purulenta com a idade e raça do cão, evolução clínica, conformação da orelha, achados clínicos e microbiológicos; avaliar o efeito da terapia tópica associada a ceruminolíticos em orelhas com otite externa ceruminosa e, avaliar o efeito da lavagem do canal auditivo em orelhas com otite externa purulenta. As orelhas foram avaliadas pelo tipo de secreção em otite ceruminosa (OC) ou otite purulenta (OP). Para o tratamento da otite externa ceruminosa 40 orelhas foram divididas nos grupos A e B, sendo o grupo A tratado com ceruminolítico e solução otológica e, o grupo B somente com solução otológica. Para o tratamento da otite purulenta 36 orelhas foram divididas nos grupos A1 e B1. Ambos os grupos foram tratados com solução tópica e antibacteriano sistêmico, no grupo A1 foi realizada uma única lavagem auditiva no dia 0. As orelhas foram avaliadas clinicamente (0,15,30,45 dias) e aquelas com ausência de prurido, de cerúmen/exsudato na concha acústica e de eritema na otoscopia receberam alta clínica. Nos três estudos foram colhidas amostras para avaliação microbiológica. Casos de OC em relação à OP foram mais freqüentes, respectivamente em cães da raça poodle e da raça fila brasileiro, em orelhas pendulares e a evolução das OP foi crônica. A média de idade nas OC foi 3,3 anos e nas OP 4,4 anos. As OC se caracterizaram por eritema da concha acústica e quantidade variável de cerúmen, e as OP por balançar da cabeça, odor fétido, exsudato na concha acústica, otalgia, úlceras, estenose e quantidade moderada e intensa de exsudato. Na citologia nas OC houve predomínio de cocos Gram+ e leveduras e nas OP bacilos Gram- e cocos Gram+. Nas OC, os principais isolados foram de Malassezia pachydermatis e Staphylococcus intermedius e nas OP Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa e S. intermedius. Amoxicilina com ácido clavulânico nas OC e tobramicina nas OP foram os antibacterianos mais eficazes. Na avaliação do tratamento das OC aos 45 dias houve alta clínica em 14 orelhas do grupo A e 10 do grupo B, porém não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre tratamentos em todas as avaliações. Na primeira coleta foram isolados principalmente M. pachydermatis e S. intermedius, aos 30 dias nenhuma amostra apresentava crescimento bacteriano. No tratamento das OP em ambos os grupos os sinais clínicos estavam reduzidos aos 45 dias, com alta clínica de 13 orelhas do grupo A1 e em 12 do grupo B1. Foram mais isolados bacilos Gram- e cocos Gram+, que diminuíram em ambos tratamentos. Gentamicina foi o antibacteriano com maior eficácia nos dois estudos. Conclui-se que nas condições estudadas houve diferença quanto à idade, raça, evolução clínica, achados clínicos, citologia, isolamento e sensibilidade a antibacterianos entre as otites ceruminosas e purulentas; o uso de ceruminolítico e a lavagem do canal auditivo no dia 0, respectivamente nas OC e OP não demonstraram diferença na redução dos sinais clínicos, no isolamento bacteriano e fúngico e na alta clínica.