For the past decade, Sweden has been reinforced as a multicultural society, and immigrant integration policy has been a hotly debated topic. During the election campaigns in 2022, preschool was an important political issue, the government arguing that early interventions can be the key to the successful integration of immigrants. Subsequent amendments to the Education Act, which entered into force on 1 July 2023, require all municipalities to actively promote increased participation in preschool by means of different methods. The municipalities must provide information to parents and legal guardians and offer preschool enrollment to children who need learning Swedish, without the parents or legal guardians applying for it. The outreach activities are aimed at children who are not currently enrolled in preschool but who are entitled to be. The purpose of the present thesis is to investigate the experiences among preschool staff of the requirement to take active measures to offer preschool enrollment to the children of foreign-born parents. Through a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and a street level bureaucrats theoretical perspective, the study has focused on two municipalities which have charged preschool staff with the aforementioned task. With the analytical terms street level bureaucrats and discretion, it has been possible to investigate how the policy is implemented and how the preschool staff feels about being a fellow human being as well as an agent for a government authority. The results of the study indicate a consensus among preschool staff that they understand the purpose of, and need for, active measures, and their good intentions and ambitions are visible, despite being insufficiently prepared for the task by their employers.

Nous posons deux questions : quels sont les facteurs qui influencent l’engagement de chercheurs dans la vulgarisation ? quels effets, pour lui-même, un chercheur peut-il tirer de la vulgarisation ? Après un historique synthétique brossant différents paradigmes de la communication publique des sciences, nous explorons 20 enquêtes réalisées entre 1967 et 2014. Celles-ci interrogent les chercheurs. Nous les critiquons une à une et dégageons certaines tendances. La vulgarisation a globalement « bonne presse » et l’engagement des chercheurs semble faible mais robuste. Les études de type « enquête d’opinion » tendent à laisser déclarer le diagnostic et les préconisations aux chercheurs eux-mêmes, d’autres utilisent des modèles théoriques, moins déclaratifs, et des divergences apparaissent autour l’influence du « regard des autres » notamment. La question des effets n’est pas analysée. Pour explorer plus avant nos deux questions, nous utilisons deux démarches. D’une part adapter un modèle théorique, la théorie du comportement planifié, au corpus des doctorants de l’université de Bourgogne ; d’autre part, profiter de mon expérience de responsable de l’Experimentarium, programme de vulgarisation qui, depuis 17 ans, engage des doctorants. L’enquête utilisant la théorie du comportement planifié détermine des facteurs d’engagement principaux : le comportement passé, l’attitude envers la vulgarisation, l’avis des collègues. Au-delà de tendances générales, des analyses multifactorielles permettent de mieux cerner, au cas par cas, les facteurs qui influencent l’engagement de chacun. Chaque doctorant a une histoire. L’observation de l’Experimentarium appuie l’influence de l’attitude, du plaisir à vulgariser, ainsi que l’importance de la socialisation conséquente de certaines actions de vulgarisation. Ces critères sont à la fois facteurs d’engagement et effets pour le chercheur. L’importance de « prendre soin » des doctorants vulgarisateurs est soutenue. Elle conduit à une dynamique réconfort - remotivation pour la recherche. L’action réjouissante menée avec des pairs (à qui on peut parler), l’encouragement du public, l’acquisition d’aptitudes pour mieux s’exprimer et cerner son sujet contribuent à « faire exister » le vécu du chercheur et à le dynamiser dans son travail scientifique. Plus généralement, certaines actions de vulgarisation gonflent la pratique scientifique de sens. In fine, nous proposons un schéma définissant trois postures communicationnelles, basées sur des « pelures d’identité » : le soi, le chercheur, le présentateur. Ce schéma explique des effets potentiels en fonction de situations de vulgarisation. Les dynamiques de communication sont causes et conséquences d’ajustements sur ces postures et de la porosité de ces pelures d’identité. Cette schématisation conduit à aborder le concept de réflexivité, constitutif de situations de vulgarisation et qui peut provoquer certains effets sur le chercheur. Ces réflexions invitent à penser la vulgarisation, non comme une tâche ou un devoir à remplir, mais comme une situation qui – si elle est préparée, observée, ajustée et donc réflexive – peut être source d’émancipation pour le public, mais également pour le chercheur. / We examine two questions: what factors influence the engagement of researchers in public engagement activities ? what effects, for himself, can a researcher derive from popularization (or public communication of sciences and technologies : PCST)? After a synthetic history brushing different paradigms of the PCST, we investigate 20 studies carried out between 1967 and 2014. These interrogate the researchers. We criticize them one by one and clear some trends. PCST has generally "good press" and the commitment of researchers seems weak but robust. Opinion-type studies tend to allow the diagnosis and recommendations to be declared to the researchers themselves, others use less declarative theoretical models, and divergences appear around the influence of the "gaze of others" especially. The question of effects is not analyzed. To explore our two questions further, we use two approaches. On the one hand adapting a theoretical model, the theory of planned behavior, to the corpus of PhD students of the University of Burgundy; on the other hand, to take advantage of my experience as head of the Experimentarium, an extension program which, for 17 years, has been hiring doctoral students. The survey using the theory of planned behavior determines the main factors of engagement: past behavior, attitude towards extension, the opinion of colleagues. Beyond general trends, multifactorial analyzes make it possible to better identify, on a case by case basis, the factors that influence the commitment of each one.Each doctoral student has its own history. The observation of the Experimentarium supports the influence of attitude, pleasure to popularize, as well as the importance of the consequent socialization of actions of popularisation. These criteria are both factors of commitment and effects for the researcher. ...These reflections invite thinking about popularisation, not as a task or a duty to be fulfilled, but as a situation which - if prepared, observed, adjusted and therefore reflexive - can be a source of emancipation for the public but also for the searcher.

As public libraries increasingly turn to digital solutions to enhance their outreach activities, it is important to understand the use and perceptions of these new solutions. This thesis explores how new digital solutions are being used and perceived by library employees when working with library outreach activities. The study uses a survey method to collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data from library employees in Sweden. Findings reveal that public libraries have implemented various new digital solutions to enhance their outreach activities, including digital versions of typically physical services such as ebooks and digital audiobooks. However, newer solutions like live streams are still in the trial stage. The most common advantages of using digital solutions for library outreach activities are increased accessibility, user flexibility, and improved access to information. However, the cost of providing digital solutions is a significant barrier for public libraries, limiting their ability to provide adequate access to information for all community members through digital means. Library employees exhibit a predominantly positive attitude towards digital development within library settings, recognizing the necessity of new digital solutions for the future of libraries. Nevertheless, a preference for personal meetings and skepticism concerning the advantages of digital service compared to physical service suggest a slower adoption rate in the later stages of the diffusion of innovations process.