Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Marcelo Leles Romarco de Oliveira.pdf: 2551801 bytes, checksum: 1348a491ff94497bb1c9ce4ea2471053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis is based on a research made in Federal Distict overturn region, in the town of Padre Bernardo GO, in the P? de Serra region, between 2004 and 2006, in four rural settles. In general lines, it aims to know the daily routine and the sociability forms in these rural settles, formed by migrant families. One of the chosen ways to understand the proposal was the observation and the analysis of the day-by-day of settled people. This choice allowed comprehending the relationship systems which sustain this space, or which articulate different forms of living together in it. During the work, it was possible to notice that the settled people are linked to multiple social universes, as the house, the neighborhood, the circulation of people in the bus, relatives, Bras?lia, work relations, church, mediators group, State, and others. This way, it is possible to state that these settles are in a continuing relation to other spaces. It is, because of the fact that most of settled people are not from the region and have arrived there with previously built social relations, even in other social universes, the settles, these relations still exist. In a general way, the settled people, specially those who live and produce in the settles, reproduce in this space relations with the earth and the work very similar to the ones established by Woortmann (1997), when studying sites in inlands. However, the lack of experience with the cerrado (open pasture with patches of stunted vegetation), the lack of technical knowledge and the lack of infrastructure and of technical assistance attendance are pointed by many people as the main reasons for low results in the using of credits and for the lack of an effective production. And, finally, it is possible to reflect if the settles are a relative final point, once the experiences live in the settles can be subsides people need to migrate, that it, it is necessary to accept that people can go away from the settles and that they may not be a final point for some families. Besides, the settled person who has sold his/her site and has used the credit for another thing may have seen, in this act, a possibility of a step to another social-economic degree in the social structure. / Esta tese se baseia numa pesquisa realizada na regi?o do entorno do DF no munic?pio de Padre Bernardo-GO, na regi?o de P? de Serra, entre os anos de 2004 a 2006, em quatro assentamentos rurais. Em linhas gerais, visa conhecer o cotidiano e as formas de sociabilidade nesses assentamentos rurais formados por fam?lias migrantes. Um dos caminhos escolhidos para entender o que foi proposto foi a observa??o e a an?lise do dia-dia nos assentamentos. Essa escolha permitiu compreender o sistema de rela??es que sustentam esse espa?o, ou que nele se articulam as diversas formas de conviv?ncia. Durante o trabalho foi poss?vel perceber que os assentados est?o ligados a m?ltiplos universos sociais, como a casa, vizinhan?a, a circula??o das pessoas no ?nibus, parentes, Bras?lia, as rela??es de trabalho, igreja, grupo de mediadores, Estado, entre outros. Assim sendo, ? poss?vel afirmar que esses assentamentos est?o em cont?nua rela??o com outros espa?os. Isso porque, pelo fato da maioria dos assentados n?o serem da regi?o e terem chegado ali com rela??es sociais pr?-constitu?das mesmo estando em outros universos sociais - os assentamentos -, essas rela??es ainda existem. De uma forma geral, os assentados, sobretudo aqueles que vivem e produzem nos assentamentos, reproduzem nesse espa?o rela??es com a terra e trabalho bem pr?xima daquelas estabelecidas por Woortmann (1997), ao estudar os s?tios no sert?o. No entanto, a falta de experi?ncia com as terras do cerrado, o desconhecimento t?cnico e a falta de infraestrutura e de acompanhamento da assist?ncia t?cnica s?o apontados pelos assentados como os principais motivos dos baixos resultados na utiliza??o dos cr?ditos e da aus?ncia de produ??o efetiva. E, por fim, ? poss?vel refletir que os assentamentos seja um ponto final relativo, uma vez que as experi?ncias vivenciadas nos assentamentos podem servir de subs?dios necess?rios para que as pessoas tornem a migrar, ou seja, ? preciso aceitar que as pessoas podem sair do assentamento e que ali talvez n?o seja um ponto final para algumas fam?lias. Al?m disso, aquele assentado que vendeu a sua ch?cara ou utilizou os cr?ditos para outra finalidade pode ter visto neste ato a possibilidade de um salto para outro degrau socioecon?mico na estrutura social.

In this dissertation, I describe various types of permanent establishments and other structures through which company may run its business abroad. I calculate and compare tax administrative costs incurred in connection with running such foreign business. Further, I apply this theory on a company that carries on business through a permanent establishment abroad.

Cette thèse met en lumière l’apport considérable du juge constitutionnel de la 5ème République nigérienne, dans l’œuvre de la protection audacieuse du principe de la suprématie de la Constitution (du 09 août 1999). L’exposition du schéma organisationnel de la justice constitutionnelle s’opère sans préjudice du nécessaire rappel de l’histoire socio-politique mouvementée du Niger, qui n’est pas étrangère dans l’originalité qui fonde le modèle nigérien. L’évocation de l’activité constitutionnelle va s’atteler à la mise en évidence des grandes décisions de la Cour, aussi bien dans le cadre de la défense des droits fondamentaux garantis, que celui de la régulation constitutionnelle du fonctionnement des institutions de la République. La jurisprudence relative au Président de la République, qui bénéficie d’un chapitre entier est au cœur de la problématique de la consolidation de la démocratisation du Niger post-Conférence nationale de 1991. L’étude fait ressortir une trajectoire d’analyse ambivalente. D’une part, la ré-fondation de la justice constitutionnelle par la consécration d’une juridiction spécialisée et indépendante, a eu pour effet de plonger le Niger dans l’ère de la démocratie constitutionnelle. D’autre part, l’audace du juge constitutionnel s’est avérée insuffisante, face à la dérive autoritaire du Président de la République de l’été 2009 (dissolution de la Cour). Il n’en demeure pas moins que, le constitutionnalisme démocratique ébauché sous la 5ème République semble bien demeurer la révolution appropriée de lutte contre toute résurgence autoritaire. / This dissertation highlights the considerable contribution of the constitutional judge of the 5th Republic of Niger, in the audacious protection work of the supremacy of the Constitution principle (the 9th of August, 1999). The presentation of the organizational structure of constitutional law requires taking into account Niger’s sociopolitical history, which has contributed to the model of constitutional justice of Niger. The evocation of constitutional activity underlines the major decisions of the Court, regarding the defense of the guaranteed basic rights as well as the constitutional regulation of the functioning of the Republic's institutions. An entire chapter is dedicated to the case law regarding the President of the Republic, which has been in the center of the issue of strengthening the democratization of Niger since the National Conference of 1991. The research results in the ambivalent analysis. On the one hand, the re-foundation of the constitutional justice through the institution of a specialized and independent jurisdiction marked Niger's entry into an era of constitutional democracy. On the other hand, the constitutional judge audacity has proved deficient facing the authoritarian trend of the President of the Republic in 2009 (dissolution of the Court). Nonetheless, the democratic constitutionalism designed under the 5th Republic of Niger seems to remain an appropriate revolution to fight against any authoritarian resurgence.