京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19853号 / 情博第604号 / 新制||情||105(附属図書館) / 32889 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 大手 信人, 教授 荒井 修亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is often plagued by high receiver complexity. One successful method of dealing with this is the well-known pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) representation of CPM, which was first proposed by Laurent. It is shown that the PAM representation also applies to multi-h CPM and ternary CPM, two previously unconsidered cases. In both cases it is shown that many PAM components may be required to exactly represent the signal. This is especially true of partial-response systems where the memory of the signal is long. Therefore, approximations are proposed which require only a limited number of terms. These extensions of the PAM representation are used to construct reducedcomplexity detectors for CPM. These are generalizations of the detector first proposed by Kaleh. These detectors can be used in an optimal configuration, or in a suboptimal reduced-complexity configuration. The PAM complexity-reduction principle is shown explicitly. An exact expression is given for the pairwise error probability for the entire class of PAM-based CPM detectors, not just the extended cases proposed herein. The analysis is performed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The performance bound that results from this pairwise error probability is shown to be tighter than a previously published bound for PAM-based CPM detectors. The analysis shows that PAM-based detectors are a special case of the broad class of mismatched CPM detectors. However, it is shown that the metrics for PAM-based detectors accumulate distance in a different manner than metrics for other mismatched and suboptimal detectors. These distance properties are especially useful in applications with greatly reduced trellis sizes. The proposed detectors are included in two case studies. The first is for a multi-h CPM standard used in aeronautical telemetry. Many reduced-complexity detectors are studied in addition to PAM-based detectors. The second case study is for a ternary CPM known as shaped offset QPSK (SOQPSK). Here, the performance of serially concatenated coded SOQPSK is studied along with uncoded systems. It is shown that the coded systems achieve large gains over uncoded systems. However, the design proposed herein achieves these gains with less complexity than previously published designs.

In a global warming scenario, an increase temperature is expected in addition to the occurrence and intensity of extreme climate events. One example of extreme events is the marine heat waves, which are a major threat to marine macroalgae. Ulva fasciata is a cosmopolitan species that occur in the whole Brazilian coast. This study was performed in two regions of Rio de Janeiro State (RJ) coast. Both regions are tropical, however, Arraial do Cabo/RJ is naturally colder than Niterói/RJ due upwelling phenomenon. This study aimed to: (i) confirm that U. fasciata individuals from these two Brazilian coast regions are of the same species; and (ii), physiologically analyze individuals of U. fasciata in the field and under in-laboratory controlled temperature experiment. We hypothesized that U. fasciata populations grown at thermally different locations would present distinct ecophysiological responses. In the field, it was accessed maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and pigment content, and in laboratory, it was also evaluated growth rate. The in-laboratory controlled experiment comprised three phases: (i) a temperature gradient; (ii) a 5-day heat wave (+ 5 oC); and (iii) a 5-day recovery (- 5 oC). The molecular data allow us to state that the two populations belong to the same species. No differences of the fluorescence-derived factors were observed between individuals from both populations in the field, suggesting acclimation. However, differences were detected along all three experimental phases. The analysis of pigment content field data evidenced that individuals from the population of Niterói (warmer site) had higher concentrations of chlorophyll a than individuals from Arraial do Cabo (colder site). However, individuals of population from Niterói when cultured at 21 oC showed the lowest values of pigment. The differences observed suggest ecotypes. In conclusion, as the planet becomes warmer and extreme weather events become more frequent, the likelihood that heat wave to occur is higher. Therefore, U. fasciata from Arraial do Cabo showed better physiological responses to the effects of heat wave, what could confer them higher competitiveness ability to overcome thermal stress / Num cenário de aquecimento global, um aumento da temperatura é esperado, assim como a ocorrência e intensidade de eventos climáticos extremos. Um exemplo de evento extremo são as ondas de calor marinhas, que são a principal ameaça a macroalgas marinhas. Ulva fasciata é uma espécie cosmopolita que ocorre em toda costa brasileira. Esse estudo foi realizado em duas regiões da costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Ambas regiões são tropicais, mas Arraial do Cabo/RJ é naturalmente mais fria que Niterói/RJ devido ao fenômeno de ressurgência. Esse estudo objetivou: (i), confirmar que os indivíduos de U. fasciata dessas duas localidades da costa brasileira são da mesma espécie; e (ii) analisar fisiologicamente indivíduos de U. fasciata em campo e em experimentos de temperatura em condições controladas de laboratório. Nossa hipótese era de que populações de U. fasciata procedentes de localidades termicamente diferentes iriam apresentar respostas ecofisiológicas distintas. Em campo, foi acessado o rendimento quântico máximo (Fv/Fm) e o conteúdo pigmentar, e em laboratório, foi também avaliada a taxa de crescimento. O experimento em condições controladas de laboratório consistiu de três fases: (i) gradiente de temperatura; (ii) onda de calor (+5 oC) de 5 dias; e (iii) recuperação (- 4 oC) de 5 dias. Os dados moleculares permitiram afirmar que as duas populações pertencem à mesma espécie. Não foram detectadas diferenças nos fatores derivados da fluorescência entre os indivíduos das duas populações avaliadas em campo, sugerindo aclimatação. Contudo, foram detectadas diferenças ao longo das três fases experimentais. A análise do conteúdo pigmentar em campo evidenciou que os indivíduos da população de Niterói (região mais quente) tinham mais clorofila a do que os indivíduos de Arraial do Cabo (região mais fria). No entanto, indivíduos da população de Niterói, quando cultivados em 21 oC, mostraram valores menores de pigmentos. As diferenças observadas sugerem ecótipos. Em conclusão, conforme o planeta se torna mais quente e eventos extremos climáticos se tornam mais frequentes, a probabilidade de ocorrência de ondas de calor é maior. Dessa forma, U. fasciata de Arraial do Cabo mostro melhor resposta fisiológica aos efeitos da onda de calor, o que lhe pode conferir maior capacidade de competição para superar estresses térmicos

nÃo hà / Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo numÃrico do interferÃmetro de Sagnac baseado em cristais fotÃnicos e de acoplador Ãptico de metamaterial. Na simulaÃÃo do interferÃmetro foram analisados os efeitos da propagaÃÃo da luz, considerando-se a dispersÃo de velocidade de grupo (GVD) e de terceira ordem (TOD), espalhamento Raman intrapulso, auto-inclinaÃÃo (Self-steepening) e auto-modulaÃÃo de fase na equaÃÃo nÃo linear de SchrÃdinger generalizada. No primeiro momento foi realizado o estudo para quatro fatores de razÃo de divisÃo da potÃncia incidente em uma das portas do dispositivo e trÃs dimensÃes para o comprimento do anel do dispositivo. Para caracterizar o desempenho do sistema, foram analisadas as curvas de transmissÃo, taxa de extinÃÃo, crosstalk e fator de compressÃo do pulso transmitido. No segundo momento, foi verificada a performance do chaveamento nÃo-linear para obtenÃÃo de porta lÃgica sob ModulaÃÃo por Amplitude de Pulsos (PAM). Excitando-se as duas portas de entrada do dispositivo com nÃveis lÃgicos "0" e "1", observando o seu comportamento em uma das saÃdas do dispositivo. Inicialmente, variou-se o parÃmetro de ajuste da modulaÃÃo (|ε|), obtendo-se apenas a porta lÃgica OR. E, em uma segunda aplicaÃÃo, manteve-se o parÃmetro da modulaÃÃo fixa e variou-se a fase de uma das portas de entrada, de 0 a 2π rad, encontrando-se portas lÃgicas do tipo OR, AND e XOR. TambÃm foram estudadas as caracterÃsticas de um guia metamaterial que possui a parte real da permissividade elÃtrica e da permeabilidade magnÃtica negativas. Esse guia metamaterial à acoplado com um guia convencional, observando-se as caracterÃsticas de transmissÃo e potÃncia crÃtica desse tipo de acoplador e, comparando-se com um acoplador convencional. Para essa anÃlise foi utilizado um perfil de automodulaÃÃo decrescente linearmente com cinco valores mÃnimo, observando-se um comportamento de histerese. / In this paper we present a numerical study of the Sagnac interferometer based on photonic crystals and optical coupler metamaterial. In the simulation of the interferometer effects of light propagation were analyzed, considering the dispersion of the group velocity (GVD) and third order (TOD), intrapulse Raman scattering, self-slope (self-steepening) and self-modulation phase in the generalized non-linear SchrÃdinger equation. The first time the study was conducted for four power division ratio of factors incident in one of the device ports and three dimensions for the device ring length. To characterize the system performance, were analyzed the transmission curves, extinction ratio, crosstalk and compression factor of the transmitted pulse. In the second moment, the performance of the non-linear switching was observed for obtaining gate under Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). Exciting the two device input ports with logical levels "0" and "1", observing their behavior in one of the device outputs. Initially, the modulation is varied adjustment parameter (| ε |), obtaining only the logical OR gate. And in a second application, the fixed modulation parameter remained and was varied the phase of the input ports 0 to 2π rad, lying type logic gate OR, AND and XOR. The characteristics of a metamaterial guide that has the real part of electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability negatives were also studied. This metamaterial guide is coupled to a conventional guide, observing the transmission characteristics and critical power of this type of coupler and compared with a conventional coupler. For this analysis we used a decreasing automodulation profile linearly with five minimum, observing a hysteresis behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_camila_sousa.pdf: 5772463 bytes, checksum: 3b55ae86289e34666bb8e9d148f1c656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / The objective of this research wasto studythe physiological parametersrelated to photosynthesisusingchlorophyll a fluorescenceand gas exchangeon leaf discsfrom a C3and a C4plantsubmitted toPSII-inhibiting herbicides.Both transientand modulatedchlorophyll a fluorescence were studied. The herbicides used affect the synthesis ofcarotenoidsand the synthesis ofchlorophyll. The experimentwas conducted in a green-house in UFPel laboratory in the town of Capão do Leão/RS. We evaluatedleaf discsof corn and soybeanobtained frommature leaves ofplantsin vegetative stage. The factorial arrangement 3x4 was used, where the first factor was the type of herbicide (bentazon, clomazone and fomesafen) and the other factor was the concentration of the herbicide (0μM, 100μM, 250μM and 500μM). There were twodistinctexperiments, with 15and 5 replicatesper treatment. In the first experiment (n=15), the effects of herbicides onthetransient chlorophylla fluorescencewas measuredusing aportable fluorometer (HandyPEA, Hansatech). In the second experiment (n=5), we evaluated the effect of herbicides on modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence (relaxation kinetics and light curves).Gas exchange was studied using the parameters determined by the portable infra-red CO2 analyzer (model IRGA LI 6400XT, LI-COR). The intensityof chlorophyll fluorescenceand the other parameters were most strongly affected by the herbicidebentazon.The herbicidesclomazoneand fomesafencaused relatively smallchanges inthe transient fluorescencedata, whereas the modulatedfluorescence parametersand gas exchangewere more sensitiveto clomazoneand fomesafen action. Thedesempenho indexes and PIABSPIABStotal were the transient fluorescence parametersmost sensitive tothe actionof the three herbicides. For themodulatedfluorescence, FS, FM , ETR and ϕPSII were the most sensitive parametersactionof bentazon, clomazone and fomesafen. Cornleaves were lesssusceptible to the three herbicidesthansoybeanleaves. Such difference might suggest that C4 plants have the ability to better tolerateherbicides than species withonly the C3metabolism. / Este trabalho teve por objetivodeterminar os parâmetros fisiológicos relacionados à fotossíntese por meio de análises da fluorescência da clorofila a transiente e modulada, e das trocas gasosas de discos foliares de plantas com metabolismo C3 e C4 submetidos a herbicidas inibidores do FSII, da síntese de carotenóides e da síntese das clorofilas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação e laboratórios da UFPel, no município de Capão do Leão/RS. Foram avaliados discos foliares de milho e soja obtidos de folhas maduras de plantas em estádio vegetativo. O esquema fatorial utilizado foi 3x4, sendo o fator A o tipo de herbicida (bentazon, clomazone e fomesafen) e o fator B a concentração do herbicida (0μM, 100μM, 250μM e 500μM).Foram realizados dois ensaios distintos, sendo utilizadas 15 e 5 repetições por tratamento, respectivamente para o ensaio I e II. No ensaio I foi avaliado o efeito dos herbicidas sobre a fluorescência transiente da clorofila a,medida utilizando-se um fluorômetro portátil (HandyPEA, Hansatech). No segundo ensaio, foi avaliado o efeito dos herbicidas sobre a fluorescência modulada da clorofila a(cinética de relaxamento de fluorescência e curvas de fluorescência em resposta à luz) e trocas gasosas, medidas pelo analisador de gás no infravermelho (IRGA LI 6400XT, LI-COR).O herbicida bentazon foi o que mais afetou as intensidades defluorescência da clorofila e os demais parâmetros obtidos através das duas técnicas utilizadas. Os herbicidas clomazone e fomesafen apresentaram pouca alteração dos parâmetros referentes à fluorescência transiente, sendo os parâmetros de fluorescência modulada e de trocas gasosas mais sensíveis à sua ação.Os índices de desempenhoPIABS e PIABStotalforam os parâmetros de fluorescência transiente mais sensíveis a ação de bentazon, clomazone e fomesafen, enquanto que para a fluorescência modulada, FS, FM , ETR e ϕPSII foram os parâmetros que demonstraram maior sensibilidade. As plantas de milho são menos sensíveis aos herbicidas bentazon, clomazone e fomesafen que a soja, sugerindo que plantas com metabolismo C4, embora sofram com a ação dos herbicidas, apresentam capacidade de tolerância maior que as espécies com metabolismo C3.

Le microphytobenthos (MPB) des latitudes tempérées est dominé par les diatomées. Deux grands groupes se distinguent, les épipéliques (mobiles) des sédiments vaseux, et les épipsammiques (fixées) des sédiments sablo-vaseux. Afin de mieux comprendre la production des vasières, le MPB a été étudié par des approches du niveau physiologique au niveau écologique. Dans un premier temps, l’étude s’est focalisée sur des expérimentations en laboratoire. La réponse des différents groupes à la lumière a montré que la forme de vie et la mobilité sont en lien étroit avec la capacité de photoprotection physiologique. Ainsi, les diatomées non-mobiles présentent une meilleure photoprotection physiologique que les diatomées mobiles qui peuvent fuir les excès de lumière. Dans une deuxième partie, le travail s’est effectué sur des échantillons ramenés en laboratoire. Des profils de migrations ont été réalisés par mesure continue de la fluorescence. Il a été établi que le MPB présente un rythme de migration interne pouvant être modulé par la lumière. De plus la qualité de la lumière modifie les profils de migration. Il est communément admis que les phases de division cellulaire se dérouleraient en profondeur. La cytométrie en flux permet de vérifier cette hypothèse. Finalement les mesures effectuées en laboratoire ont été comparées à des mesures effectuées directement sur le terrain à l’échelle de la communauté. Il a ainsi pu être vérifié que la photoprotection sous lumière fluctuante est fonction de la population. Pour les populations épipéliques, la photoprotection physiologique ne varie pas au cours des fluctuations lumineuses, laissant supposer que la migration module ces fluctuations. Les populations épipsammiques, quant à elles, modifient leur réponse physiologique en fonction des fluctuations lumineuses. / Microphytobentos (MPB) from temperate latitude is mainly composed of diatoms. Those microorganisms can be separated in two groups: the epipelic one from muddy sediments (composed of mobile diatoms) and the epipsammic one from sandy-muddy sediments (composed of diatoms living attached to their substrate). In order to investigate mudflats’ primary production, the MPB compartment was studied through diverse approaches from the physiological level to the ecological one. In the first place, laboratory experiments (in vitro experiments), focusing on light reaction of epipelic and epipsammic diatoms, showed that their life form and their mobility were strongly connected to their physiological photoprotection ability. Thereby, the motionless diatoms were characterized by higher physiological photoprotection abilities than the mobile ones, which could avoid excess of light. In the second place, the fluorescence of collected samples (in vivo experiments) was measured to acquire diatoms’ migration profiles. The results pointed out an internal and light-regulated migration pattern of the MPB and furthermore highlighted the effect of light quality on migration profiles. Besides, the commonly accepted hypothesis of deep cell division phases was tested and confirmed through flow cytometry experiments. Eventually, laboratory measurements were compared to in situ ones realized at the scale of the whole community. These comparisons revealed that diatoms photoprotection in fluctuating light depended on the targeted populations. Epipelic organisms were indeed characterized by an unvarying photoprotection, diatoms migration regulating alone the effect of light fluctuations. On the contrary, motionless epipsammic populations required a light-regulated photoprotection.

With the rise of portable devices, the interest in health and medical applications(mhealth applications) has risen, and the importance of evaluating these applications is critical. The application stores on portable devices only require a good application quality and not the content. The content of the medical health applications could be harmful and need to be evaluated to decrease the potential health risks. In this report, a new mobile health application named POSITIVE gets evaluated with the help of interviewed questionnaires and user­personas. The POSITIVE application target is the older population with their aim to maintain and improve the intrinsic capacity involving primary care and caregivers. POSITIVE application content is monitored by customized exercise programs with medical tests with associated help devices.  The evaluation was done by creating user personas that give a user overview. User personas were designed with the help of data obtained through a interview protocol. The interview protocol was design for this specific evaluation with the help of research questionnaire tools. Questionnaire tools used for creating the interview protocol were the system usability scale(SUS), service user technology acceptability questionnaire(SUTAQ), patient activation measure(PAM), elderly information technology ability tool(EITAT), and mobile health app usability questionnaire(MAUQ) The results show that participants with a higher level of health problems had a lower exercise activity in the application. Participants with lower health problems have a higher exercise activity. Both participants’ groups liked the application’s design and felt it motivated them. Critiques towards the application were to have better customized exercises. / Med smarta mobila enheter växande tillgång har interesset för hälso och medicinska applikationer ökat där vikten att utvärdera dessa applikationer är mycket viktigt. Applikationsbutiker på mobila enheter har endast krav på bra kvalitet på funktioner men inte innehållet av applikationerna. Innehåll av medicinska eller hälsoapplikationer kan vara skadliga och behöver därför genomgå en utvärdering för att minska potentiella hälsorisker.  I denna rapport kommer en ny hälsoapplikation kallad POSITIVE att presenteras samt evalueras med hjälp av intervju protokoll och user personas. POSITIVEs målgrupp är den äldre populationen där deras mål är att förebygga skörhet bland äldre genom att involvera närstående, patienten samt primärvården. Applikationen innehåller ett anpassat och övervakat träningsprogram med medicinska tester som görs medtillhörande utrustning.  Evaluering utförs genom att skapa en ”user persona” som ger en överblick över användarna. User personan utformas med hjälp av data som erhålls genom intervju protokoll. Intervjuprotokollet är utformat med hjälp av forskade frågeformulärsverktyg. Frågeformulärsverktyg som använts till utformningen är system usability scale(SUS), service user technology acceptability questionnaire(SUTAQ), patient activation measure(PAM),eldery information technology ability tool(EITAT) och mobile health app usabilityquestionnaire(MAUQ). Resultatet visar att deltagare med fler hälsoproblem har mindre aktivitet i applikationen. Deltagare med mindre hälsoproblem har högre aktivitet i applikationen. Båda grupperna gillade designen på applikationen som ökade deras motivation. Kritik mot applikationen är att det borde funnits bättre anpassad träningsprogram.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) is a form of Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) whose spectral occupancy can be easily tailored to the available channel bandwidth by a suitable choice of signal parameters. The constant envelope of the GMSK signal enables it to corporate with saturated power amplifier without the spectral re-growth problem. This paper provides a quantitative synopsis of binary GMSK signals in terms of their bandwidth occupancy and coherent demodulation performance. A detailed account of how to demodulate such signals using the Viterbi Algorithm (VA) is given, along with analytical power spectral density (PSD) and computer simulated bit-error-rate (BER) results for various signal BT products. The effect of adjacent channel interference (ACI) is also quantified. Ideal synchronization for both symbol time and carrier phase is assumed.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / A data-aided approach to symbol time and carrier phase synchronization applicable to general continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals with modulation index 0.5 is described. Simulated BER performance of two receivers equipped with these synchronizers is presented for a GMSK BT=1/5 signal received in noise with constant and dynamic synchronization errors. Results demonstrate that these synchronizers provide a very promising and yet simple solution to the tracking problem in the design of coherent CPM receivers.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Today’s telemetry environment is becoming increasingly digital. Highly reliable and relatively inexpensive digital recorders readily available, and most telemetry facilities are migrating away from the older analog recorders which are difficult to calibrate and expensive to maintain. Unfortunately, most site managers find they still have one or more “legacy” signals (such as FM-FM, PAM, and pre-detect PCM) that still require analog recording. To exclusively use digital recorders the TM site must integrate some device to convert the analog signals to digital format before recording. Until recently, the TM site managers had very few options short of building custom equipment to convert and capture the legacy signals. One solution available from Racal (for their Storeplex digital recorder) is to purchase their Analog Record/Play Signal Module. Unfortunately, their module uses a 16-bit Sigma-Delta converter and has a maximum bandwidth of 45.5 KHz, which is woefully inadequate for many analog signals. Other manufacturers offer similar solutions with similar bandwidth restrictions. Another solution is to purchase a multiplexor “front-end” which is capable of mixing multiple signal types (both digital and analog) on to the recorder’s serial-digital data stream. This option can provide higher analog bandwidths, but represents a significant investment (greater than $100K and often more than the recorder itself). This paper discusses the conceptualization, design, and performance of a unit to fill the gap between the low-bandwidth analog channel module and the high-end signal multiplexors. We will discuss how high-speed field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be configured to provide a low-cost interface between the digital recorder and the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to capture and playback the analog signals. Our design focuses on achieving the maximum possible bandwidth for each analog signal while ensuring that IRIG-A or IRIG-B timecode are recorded simultaneously (so the analog signals can be later synchronized with their digital counterparts). We have found that such a solution permits multiple analog signals from 400 KHz up to 3 MHz to be easily and inexpensively recorded on the current generation of digital recorders. Our conclusions show that such a device can permit most telemetry sites to transition completely to more reliable, cheaper, and easier-to-maintain digital recorders.