In the thesis, we introduce linear regression models such as Simple Linear Regression, Multiple Regression, and Polynomial Regression. We explain basic methods of the model parameters estimation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The properties of the estimates, and what assumptions need to be made for the model for the estimates to be the Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUE) are given. The basic Bootstrap methods are introduced. The real world problem is simulated in order to see how measurement error affects the quotient of two estimated models.

Resumo: Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite, gordura e proteína no dia do controle de primeiras lactações de búfalas leiteiras por meio de análises uni e multicaracterística de regressão aleatória. Para os modelos de regressão aleatória unicaracterística foram analisadas as 1.433 primeiras lactações de búfalas. Para as características em estudo, foram considerados nos modelos utilizados, os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo, de ambiente permanente e o residual. Como efeitos fixos, foram considerados o grupo contemporâneo e o número de ordenha (1 ou 2 ordenhas). Os efeitos linear e quadrático da covariável idade da vaca ao parto e a curva média de lactação da população, estão modelados por polinômios ortogonais de Legendre de terceira ordem. Os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo e de ambiente permanente foram estimados por meio de regressão aleatória sobre polinômio ortogonais de Legendre de terceira à sexta ordem. Os resultados indicam que são requeridos polinômios de Legendre de baixa ordem para modelar a estrutura de (co)variância genética e de ambiente permanente. As estimativas de herdabilidade das características em estudo foram moderadas, o que poderia ajudar no processo de seleção dos animais para obtenção de ganhos genéticos. As estimativas das correlações genéticas foram altas entre controles, indicando que seja qual for o critério de seleção adotado, ganhos genéticos indiretos são esperados em toda a curva de lactação. Para o modelo de regressão aleatória multivariada foi analisado o mesmo banco de dados e as mesmas pressuposições do modelo unicaracaterística. No que se refere à modelagem dos efeitos aleatórios, utilizouse, em todas as características, polinômios de Legendre de terceira ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Genetic parameters for milk, fat and protein yields in the test day were estimated for the first lactations of dairy buffaloes by using single- and multiple-trait random regression analyses. To the single-trait analyses were analyzed 1,433 first lactations. The models included as random effects: additive genetic, permanent environment and residual and as fixed effects: contemporary group, number of milkings (one or two), linear and quadratic effects of the covariable age of the buffalo at birth and mean lactation curve of the population, modeled using Legendre orthogonal polynomials of third order. The random regression effects of genetic and permanent environment were estimated by random regression with Legendre orthogonal polynomials from third to sixth orders. The results indicate that low order polynomials are required to model the structure of genetic and permanent environment (co)variances. The heritability estimates of the traits studied were moderated, it permits to do selection of animals to obtain genetic gain. The genetic correlation estimates were high among test-days, indicating that the selection aims may be different, but indirect genetic gain for all the lactation curve was expected. To the model of multiple-trait random regression, the same data was analyzed, with the same presuppositions of the single-trait model. To model the random effects, Legendre polynomials of third and fourth order were used, to genetic effects and permanent environment, respectively. The residual variances were modeled considering four residual classes grouped as: 1, 2-3, 4-8, 9-10 months of lactation. The results indicate that the heritabilities estimates of the traits presented enough genetic variance to be selected. The estimates of the variance components may be used to implement a BLUP evaluation in a Brazilian buffalo population. The genetic correlations among test-days for a trait ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Humberto Tonhati / Coorientador: Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque / Coorientador: Milthon Muñoz Berrocal / Banca: Henrique Nunes Oliveira / Banca: Danísio Prado Munari / Banca: Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadate / Banca: Leonardo de Oliveira Seno / Doutor

Surface roughness is an important parameter in the automotive Industry. This thesis is a study conducted in collaboration with QSO Interferometer systems AB (QSAB), Halmstad. The study is focused on the existing surface roughness parameters used in the automotive industry and the relationship to the CWS parameters of QISAB. The study also investigates the scope of CWS instrument developed by QISAB as a next-generation automated surface testing inline instrument. The initial study which has been conducted had 5 stages, those are the history of roughness measurement, the basic CWS parameters, the currently used surface testing instruments in the automobile industry, the use of surface metrology in the manufacturing industry and the basic principle and theory of the CWS. As the final stage to achieve the aim of the thesis a quantitative study has been conducted to compare the existing parameters with CWS parameters. The three type of comparison were done on a test piece having different range of surface roughness after different stages of grinding. These three comparisons that had been done were CWS v/s White light interferometer v/s visual inspection. The results from those quantitative analysis did support the results from the qualitative analysis.

A Barreira Costeira do Itapocú está localizada na porção norte do litoral do estado de Santa Catarina sobre os domínios dos municípios de Araquari e Barra Velha. Em sua porção central a barreira apresenta-se segmentada por influência da desembocadura do rio Itapocú. Registros históricos evidenciam a ocorrência comum, na barreira, de episódios de transposição de sedimentos devido à ocorrência de eventos de sobrelavagem. A barreira e os subambientes associados foram mapeados para os anos de 1938, 1957, 1978, 2005 e 2012. Adicionalmente, foram aplicados três índices de vulnerabilidade para os depósitos de sobrelavagem, conforme metodologia proposta por Garcia et al. (2010) – OSR, MOIR e CBO, e foram analisados os parâmetros granulométricos do sistema praia-duna atual e dos depositos de sobrelavagem em dois perfis transversais à barreira. A análise geomorfológica mostrou que as principais modificações observadas ao longo do tempo na BCI estiveram relacionadas à migração do canal de conexão da laguna com o oceano, anteriormente à sua fixação, bem como a eventos de sobrelavagem da barreira. Os depósitos de sobrelavagem apresentaram elevada frequência de ocorrência ao longo da barreira (OSR), onde a maior pôde ser observada no ano de 1957, atingindo 42% de todo o comprimento da barreira, em seu setor sul, e 60% no setor norte. Este padrão apresentou diminuição ao longo do tempo, e em 2012 cerca de 1% do comprimento do setor sul da barreira costeira apresentou sobrelavagem, enquanto o setor norte exibiu 19%. MOIR, índice referente às intrusões históricas de sobrelavagem e representando a recorrência de um máximo de intrusão, foi aplicado em intervalos de 10 metros e mostrou que eventos de transposição de sedimentos tendem a ocorrer todos os anos na área estudada, atingindo até 40 metros de intrusão. Para o ultimo ano de análise, 2012, o índice CBO apresentou três casos de valor máximo, indicando máxima vulnerabilidade de um rompimento da barreira costeira. No estudo comparativo entre os diferentes compartimentos do sistema praia-duna e dos depósitos de sobrelavagem não foi possível distinguir um claro padrão entre os subambientes com base nos parâmetros granulométricos. Entretanto, este padrão de não distinção pode indicar a usual influência de processos marinhos costeiros de sobrelavagem, atuantes sobre o sistema deposicional eólico. / The Itapocú coastal barrier is located in the northern coast of Santa Catarina State, on the domain of Barra Velha and Araquari cities. In its central part the barrier is segmented due to the influence of the Itapocú river mouth. Historical records demonstrate that the barrier experiments frequent overwash events. The barrier and associated environments were mapped for 1938, 1957, 1978, 2005 and 2012 dates. Additionally, three vulnerability indexes to the washover deposits were applied, according to Garcia et al. (2010) – OSR, MOIR and CBO, and the granulometric properties were analyzed for the modern beach-dune system and washover deposits in two cross sections. The morphological analysis showed that the main changes observed were related to inlet migration, before its fixation in 2011, and also to overwash events. The washover deposits showed high frequency of occurrence along the barrier (OSR), with the greater occurring in 1957, reaching 42% of its entire length in the south, and 60% in the north section. This pattern presented a decrease behavior over time, and in 2012 approximately 1% of the barrier length was overwashed in the south section and 19% in the north. The index MOIR, related to historical sediment intrusions of overwash processes, and representing a maximum intrusion was applied in 10m intervals and showed that washover events tend to occur in all years in the ICB, reaching 40m of intrusion. For the last year analyzed, 2012, the CBO index showed 3 situations of maximum intrusion, indicating 100% of barrier breaching vulnerability. In the comparative granulometric study, it was not possible to characterize the environmental deposits based on the granulometric parameters. However, non-discretize pattern can indicate the influence of coastal marine processes (overwash) acting over the eolian deposits.

In this study, Hazus-MH (v 2.1 SP 2) flood-loss estimation tools were assessed for their sensitivity to an array of different building and model parameters. The purpose of this study is to help guide users of the Hazus-MH flood-loss modeling tool in the selection of most appropriate model parameters. Six model parameters (square footage of the building, building age, construction types, foundation types, first floor heights, and the number of stories in the building) were assessed for their impacts on flood losses using the Hazus-MH user defined and aggregate flood-loss models. Building stock databases for these analyses were developed using county assessor records from two Illinois counties. A validation assessment was also performed using observed flood-damage survey data collected after the 2011 Mississippi River Flood which inundated the Olive Branch Area in Alexander County, Illinois. This analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the detailed Hazus-MH User Defined Facility (UDF) flood-loss modeling tool. The foundation types and its associated first floor heights and number of stories in the building were found to substantially impact flood-loss estimates using the Hazus-MH flood-loss modeling tool. The model building parameters square footage, building age and construction type had little or no effect on the flood-loss estimates. The validation assessment reveled Hazus-MH UDF flood-loss modeling tool is capable of providing a reasonable estimate of actual flood losses. The validation assessment showed the modeled results to be within 23% of actual losses. The validation study results attained in this study using the detailed UDF flood-loss modeling tool where more realistic (within 23% of actual losses versus > 50% of actual losses) than previous Hazus-MH flood-loss validation assessments. The flood-loss estimates could be further improved by modifying or choosing a more region specific depth-damage curve, using higher resolution DEM and improving the flood-depth grid by incorporating more detailed flood elevation data or estimates using detailed hydraulic models that better reflects the local inundation conditions.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to verify the effectiveness of phytogenic additives in utility parameters of poultry.The experimental study was conducted at the research station of the company Delacon Research Station PNRC s.r.o. in Stošíkovice on Louce.The experiment was carried out with little roosters hybrids ROSS 308. The fattening took 42 days and the three-phase feeding BR 1, BR 2 BR 3 was applied. Phytogenic additives were added to all kinds of feed mixtures. Given that this is a primary research of a private company, it is not known the exact structure of the used additives, which the company protects as its know-how. Additives were based on saponins in combination with other substances of phytogenic origin. During the process of fattening, the utility parameters of the experimental groups were monitored, which were then compared to the control group.Experimental groups showed a positive effect in several utility parameters at particular periods, statistically conclusive positive results were obtained only in the feed conversion in one experimental group during the 29th - 42nd day of fattening and in three experimental groups in whole fattening evaluation from 1. - 42nd day.

The aim of this thesis was evaluate fertlility of the Zwartbles sheep in zhe flock of sheep breed by Mrs. Marie Schickerová. In the reporting period of 5 years (2013 2015) were a total of 429 ewes evaluated by the followinf parameters: fertlization, reproduction intensity, total rearing. Basic reproductive parameters were compared with the flocks originating from the Union sheep and goats of the Czech Republic. They were monitored factors that have or may have an impact on fertility. The first factor was the impact of age on fertility, selected second order lambing and the last was the influence line. The average fertility of the herd reached 197,13%. The average share of fertilization was assessed at 94,01%. Sterility reached the level of 5,99 %. The amount of the total breeding herd stood at 164,67%. Intensity of production reached 185,24 %.. Based on calculations, it was found a hightly significant effect of age and rank lambing fertility. Influence line was not clearly demonstrated. Statistical evaluation of indicators of fertility, the intensity of reproduction, fertilization and overal breeding showed differences in the average monitored herds compared with herds in the performance tests. In the observed herd these values were significantly higher.

Submitted by LUTTI MANECK DELEVATTI null (gauchovane@bol.com.br) on 2016-05-02T16:09:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Lutti_Maneck_Delevatti.pdf: 934426 bytes, checksum: d04683b10cd57cb991adfbfa1360099c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-04T18:00:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 delevatti_lm_me_jabo.pdf: 934426 bytes, checksum: d04683b10cd57cb991adfbfa1360099c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T18:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 delevatti_lm_me_jabo.pdf: 934426 bytes, checksum: d04683b10cd57cb991adfbfa1360099c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade da dieta, parâmetros ruminais e síntese de proteína microbiana de novilhos suplementados na fase de recria em pastagens durante o período das águas. Foram utilizados 12 piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, pastejados a 15, 25 e 35 cm por bovinos de corte canulados em fase de recria, em lotação contínua, com taxa de lotação variável. Foram utilizadas as estratégias de suplementação: suplementos múltiplos na quantidade de 0,3% e 0,6% do peso corporal (PC) para os animais dos pastos de 15 cm; 0,1% e 0,3% do PC nos pastos de 25 cm; e mistura mineral e 0,1% do PC nos pastos de 35 cm. Foram mensurados o consumo e digestibilidade da dieta, síntese de proteína microbiana, dinâmica da degradação da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e parâmetros ruminais dos animais recriados em cada sistema correspondente às alturas de pastejo associado a suplementação. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi quadrado latino duplo incompleto, com doze animais cânulados no rúmem, seis tratamentos, e quatro períodos experimentais na estação chuvosa. Foram aplicados testes para pressuposições estatísticas sobre os dados obtidos, análise de variância, e teste Fisher’s Protected Least-Significant Difference (LSD) para comparação de médias e avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos (P<0,10). Não foram observadas diferenças no consumo de forragem e matéria seca total pelos animas (P≥0,14), porém observou-se maior consumo de proteína bruta (PB) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) (P≤0,03), nos animais dos tratamentos com suplementação a 0,3 e 0,6% do peso corporal. Não foram verificadas diferenças nas digestibilidade de PB, matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro (P≥0,21). As taxas de degradabilidade da FDN não variaram entre os tratamentos (P≥0,19). Os resultados de concentração molar de ácido acético e butírico apresentaram variação no tempo (P≤0,06), apresentando seus menores valores logo após a suplementação, já os valores de pH, N-amoniacal e ácido propiônico apresentaram interação entre tratamento e tempo (P≤0,04). A suplementação não alterou os parâmetros ruminais, porém foi capaz de aumenta a ingestão total de nutrientes em tratamentos com maiores níveis de suplementos. / The dry matter intake, diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis of supplemented bulls during the growing phase at pastures during the wet season were evaluated. Twelve paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha Marandu (palisade grass) were used, grass grazing heights were 15; 25 and 35 cm by cannulated yearling steers in growing phase, in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. The supplementation strategies used were: multiple supplements in the amount of 0.3% to 0.6% of body weight (BW) to the animal grazing pasture of 15 cm; 0.1% and 0.3% PC in pastures of 25 cm; and mineral mixture and 0.1% of the PC in the pastures of 35 cm. Were estimated the dry matter intake and digestibility of forage and supplement, microbial protein synthesis, dynamics of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation, dietary nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters by yearling steers growing while grazing pasture with different heights and supplement level. The experimental design used was incomplete double Latin square with twelve cannulated animals, six treatments and four experimental periods during the wet season. Statistical tests were applied for assumptions on the obtained data, analysis of variance, and Tukey test for mean comparison and evaluation of the treatment effect (P <0.10). There were no differences on the forage and total dry matter intake per animal (P≥0.14), however it was exhibited higher crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (P≤0.03) intake for the animals of the different treatments with supplementation 0.3 and 0.6% of BW. There was no differences in the CP, DM and NDF digestibility (P≥0.21). The NDF degradability rates did not differ among the treatments (P≥0.19). Results of the molar concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid exhibited variation during time (P≤0.06) showing their lowest values after supplementation, as pH values, ammonia-N and propionic acid exhibited interaction among treatment and sampling time (p ≤ 0.04). Supplementation shows no ability to change the ruminal parameters as expected, however was able to increase the total intake of nutrients in the diets with higher levels of supplements. / FAPESP: 2014/21138-3

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_dc_me_jabo.pdf: 1227082 bytes, checksum: 7596e93ea3e5948f3529db795c099964 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A produção de açúcar por hectare constitui o foco principal dos programas de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar e depende tanto da produção da cana colhida no campo como da concentração de açúcar (sacarose) contida no colmo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores microssatélites genômicos e funcionais associados aos componentes de produção (altura, diâmetro, peso e número de colmos), produtividade e parâmetros de qualidade em cana-de-açúcar (Brix, Fibra, Pol%Cana), com base em uma progênie proveniente do cruzamento entre o clone IACSP95-3018 e a cultivar IACSP93-3046 ambos do Programa de Melhoramento Cana IAC. O mapa de ligação foi composto por 175 marcadores em dose única distribuídos em 58 grupos de ligação (GL) com cobertura de 1525 centiMorgans e distância média entre os marcadores de 8,71 centiMorgans. O comprimento dos grupos de ligação variou de 1 a 72 centiMorgans. Os 58 GL deram origem a 9 grupos de homologia. Com os marcadores em dose única foi feita uma análise de marca simples para a identificação de QTLs putativos associados as medidas fenotípicas obtidas em cana planta e cana soca. No total foram detectadas 69 (25%) associações marcador/característica fenotípica (P<0.05) das quais, 32 (46%) em cana planta, 37 (54%) cana soca e 6 (9%) em ambos os ciclos. Estas associações foram derivadas de 47 locos de microssatélites. Para os componentes de produção e produtividade foram encontradas 38 associações e duas em ambos os ciclos (planta e soca) enquanto para os parâmetros de qualidade foram detectadas 22 associações e duas em ambos os ciclos. Para os marcadores derivados de seqüências expressas, algumas associações mostraram uma relação entre a função do gene do qual o marcador foi derivado com à característica fenotípica associada. Para estas associações, apesar dos marcadores terem apresentado... / Sugar production per hectare is the main focus of sugarcane breeding programs and depends on the sugarcane production harvest in the field and the sugar content (sucrose) of the stalk juice. The objective of the present work was to identify genomic and functional microsatellites markers associated to yield components (height, diameter, weight and stalk number), productivity and quality parameters (Brix, Fibre, Pol%Cane) in a progeny derived from a cross of the elite clone IACSP95-3018 and the variety IACSP93-3046, both from the IAC Sugarcane Breeding Program. The genetic map was composed by 175 single dose markers distributed onto 58 linkage groups (LG). The map coverage was 1525 centiMorgans with an average distance between markers of 8.71 centiMorgans (cM) and length of the LG ranging from 1 to 72 cM. The 58 LG gave rise to 9 homology groups. Single marker trait association analysis was performed with the single dose markers to identify putative QTLs associated with the phenotypic measures obtained at plant cane and ratoon cane. A total of 69 (25%) maker/trait associations (P<0.05) was detected, of which, 32 (46%) at plant cane, 37 (54%) at ratoon cane and 6 (9%) at both cycles. These associations were derived from 47 microsatellite loci. For the yield components and productivity 38 associations was found and 2 at both cycles while for the quality parameters 22 associations were detected and 2 at both cycles. For the EST derived markers, some associations showed a relation between the function of de gene of which it was derived with the phenotypic trait. For such associations, although the marker effects were low, it is probable that these markers contribute to the respective phenotypic trait

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tassojunior_lc_dr_jabo.pdf: 855487 bytes, checksum: 9e7200b0d5704045092d5f7bb8f4cec1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudos de comparação entre cultivares de cana-de-açúcar são importantes especialmente em novas regiões produtoras. O presente trabalho foi conduzido em duas propriedades agrícolas da região centro norte do Estado de São Paulo. Foram cultivadas 20 variedades de cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com 20 tratamentos e 4 repetições. As variedades estudadas foram: IAC91-2195, SP89-1115, RB855453, RB855156, RB835486 (precoces); SP87-365, SP81-3250, SP80-1842, SP80-1816, SP79-1011, RB92-8064, IAC91-5155, IAC87-3396, SP90-3414, SP90-1638 (médias), IACSP93-6006, IAC91- 3186, SP83-2847, RB867515 e RB72454 (tardias). Foram avaliadas variáveis fenotípicas, biométricas, produtividade, tecnológicas além do acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes em colmo e palhada. Concluiu-se que as variedades que apresentaram as melhores performances foram: RB855453, RB835456, RB928064, RB867515 e a IAC91-3186. O acúmulo de nutrientes (colmos, folhas verdes e ponteiros), foi influenciado pelas variedades e pelas condições edafoclimáticas. / Studies about sugarcane cultivars comparison are very important in news sugarcane regions producers. This research was conducted out with the objective to study 20 sugarcane cultivars cropped in two agricultural areas at São Paulo State center-north region. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with 20 treatments and 4 replications. The following cultivars were studied: IAC91-2195, SP89- 1115, RB855453, RB855156, RB835486 (early maturation period); SP87-365, SP81- 3250, SP80-1842, SP80-1816, SP79-1011, RB92-8064, IAC91-5155, IAC87-3396, SP90-3414, SP90-1638 (middle maturation period), IACSP93-6006, IAC91-3186, SP83- 2847, RB867515 e RB72454 (late maturation period). It was concluded that the best behaviors were shown by RB855453, RB835456, RB928064, RB867515 and IAC91- 3186. Stalk, green leaf, dry leaf, heart nutrients accumulation and nutrients exportation changed according the sugarcane cultivars, edaphology and climatologic conditions.