Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Orientador: Fernando Augusto da Silva Marins / Banca: Jorge Muniz Junior / Banca: Michel Carmem Neyra Belderrain / Resumo: Esta dissertação abordou o problema de disponibilidade de peças de reposição para o atendimento às solicitações dos clientes na pós-venda, principalmente dos setores naval, aéreo e siderúrgico, que participam de um mercado que apresenta características próprias. A falta de determinadas peças de reposição acarreta descontentamento ou, pior, a impossibilidade de utilização do produto. Comumente, o planejamento de estoque não leva em consideração a visão da área de suporte ao cliente, que vivencia os conflitos e efeitos causados por eventuais faltas de peças. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou propor um modelo que auxilie na decisão gerencial, com respeito ao perfil do estoque de peça de reposição na organização. O estudo partiu do pressuposto de que não é viável estocar todos os tipos de peças de reposição, tendo assim que identificar quais agregam valor. Isso foi feito por meio, de um modelo inclusivo, que combinou o Método de Auxílio à Decisão por Múltiplos Critérios e a Combinação desses critérios. O primeiro, através dos julgamentos de diferentes profissionais, objetivou alcançar um resultado consolidado e priorizado, enquanto que o segundo, através da classificação por combinação sem repetição, buscou encontrar grupos com característica semelhantes priorizados entre si. O modelo conseguiu reduzir a dificuldade de seleção de peças de reposição equilibrando as necessidades das diferentes áreas. / Abstract: This study tackled the problem of spare parts availability for the fulfillment of the after-market customers, mainly the naval, aviation and the steel industries, which are part of a market that has its own characteristics. The lack of certain spare parts causes unpleasant situations for customers or, even worse, the impossibility of utilization of product. Normally, the stock planning does not take into consideration the customer support area experience, which goes through the conflicts and effects caused by eventual lack of parts. Thus, this study envisaged to propose a model which can help in management decisions, regarding the profile of spare part stock in the organization. The study considered that it is not viable to stock all kinds of spare parts, thus having to identify which ones can aggregate value for customer. This was done through an inclusive model, matched the Multiple Criteria Decision Aid and the combination of these criterias. The first, envisaged to reach a consolidated and prioritized result, through the judgment of different professionals, whereas the second, sought to find groups with similar characteristics prioritized among each other, through the classification by combination without repetition. The model got to reduce the difficulties of choosing spare parts balancing the needs of different areas. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_ha_me_guara.pdf: 406242 bytes, checksum: 5fb852de1f30a52599d87ed826634d4d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação abordou o problema de disponibilidade de peças de reposição para o atendimento às solicitações dos clientes na pós-venda, principalmente dos setores naval, aéreo e siderúrgico, que participam de um mercado que apresenta características próprias. A falta de determinadas peças de reposição acarreta descontentamento ou, pior, a impossibilidade de utilização do produto. Comumente, o planejamento de estoque não leva em consideração a visão da área de suporte ao cliente, que vivencia os conflitos e efeitos causados por eventuais faltas de peças. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou propor um modelo que auxilie na decisão gerencial, com respeito ao perfil do estoque de peça de reposição na organização. O estudo partiu do pressuposto de que não é viável estocar todos os tipos de peças de reposição, tendo assim que identificar quais agregam valor. Isso foi feito por meio, de um modelo inclusivo, que combinou o Método de Auxílio à Decisão por Múltiplos Critérios e a Combinação desses critérios. O primeiro, através dos julgamentos de diferentes profissionais, objetivou alcançar um resultado consolidado e priorizado, enquanto que o segundo, através da classificação por combinação sem repetição, buscou encontrar grupos com característica semelhantes priorizados entre si. O modelo conseguiu reduzir a dificuldade de seleção de peças de reposição equilibrando as necessidades das diferentes áreas. / This study tackled the problem of spare parts availability for the fulfillment of the after-market customers, mainly the naval, aviation and the steel industries, which are part of a market that has its own characteristics. The lack of certain spare parts causes unpleasant situations for customers or, even worse, the impossibility of utilization of product. Normally, the stock planning does not take into consideration the customer support area experience, which goes through the conflicts and effects caused by eventual lack of parts. Thus, this study envisaged to propose a model which can help in management decisions, regarding the profile of spare part stock in the organization. The study considered that it is not viable to stock all kinds of spare parts, thus having to identify which ones can aggregate value for customer. This was done through an inclusive model, matched the Multiple Criteria Decision Aid and the combination of these criterias. The first, envisaged to reach a consolidated and prioritized result, through the judgment of different professionals, whereas the second, sought to find groups with similar characteristics prioritized among each other, through the classification by combination without repetition. The model got to reduce the difficulties of choosing spare parts balancing the needs of different areas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Os Ensaios Não Destrutivos (END), são aplicados em testes de qualidade de componentes e de máquinas. Estes elementos não teriam um bom desempenho se fossem concebidos alheios à qualidade do projeto, aos materiais envolvidos, aos processos de fabricação e à metodologia de inspeção e manutenção. Um alto nível de tecnologia é aplicado com um objetivo específico, ou seja, à garantia da qualidade dos componentes e do bom funcionamento dessas máquinas, seja na indústria e na geração e conversão de energia, incluindo a nuclear. A globalização nos diversos ramos da indústria leva a um aumento na quantidade de projetos e produtos contextualmente multinacionais. Surgem, as seguintes questões: como assegurar que os componentes e os processos utilizados se disponhem de alto índice na qualidade? Como otimizar os métodos e os rocessos de teste de materiais para assegurar a isenção de defeitos que possam afetar o esempenho dos componentes? As respostas para as questões se encontram notadamente na aplicação dos END. A análise de materiais complexos (não homogêneos) por meio de END requer um estudo detalhado dos sinais de resposta dos sensores. Um sistema de medidas e controle de processos não destrutivos usando radiação gama ou beta, em função do material a ser analisado foi desenvolvido. Esse sistema envolve: (a) Interface de entrada/saída (Hardware) e (b) Interface gráfica (Software). Na análise não destrutiva faz-se a comparação do sinal proveniente do sensor com um sinal preestabelecido (Set Point) ou sinal de referência, o qual é ajustado na Interface de entrada/saída. Após o processamento geral, o sistema tomará a decisão de rejeitar ou não o material analisado. A Interface de entrada/saída é implementada por um equipamento eletrônico constituído pelo MCS51, com a finalidade de fornecer um meio físico para troca de nformações, via de comunicação serial RS232, entre o sensor e o microcomputador . A Interface gráfica (programa computacional) foi escrita em linguagem C++ visual. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Jeffery R. Williams / For the past couple years, farm income has declined due to lower prices for corn, soybeans, and wheat. This decline has caused agricultural producers to keep equipment longer, which has affected equipment sales at John Deere. When times are good, producers buy new and trade used equipment, but when a producer’s profit is lower than previous years, they tend to save their money for input costs for the next growing season. The decline in farm income has had a negative effect on agriculture sales, but dealers can maintain their market share goals and still be profitable if they adjust their focus to other areas of their business, including sales of parts and equipment service. The goal of this study is to create an analysis tool that field managers can use to help dealers see the potential sales, profit, and pay for performance that they are missing because they are not up to suggested guidelines for sales of parts and equipment service. The tool includes several metrics from an existing report called the Categorization Report. These metrics are Dealer Performance Market Share, Aftermarket Performance Factor, Service Market Performance Factor, and Net Operating Return on Sales. The tool calculates the differences between the dealer metrics and John Deere metrics. Further, this tool is used to compare an individual dealer to other dealer averages and determine what a high performance, fully optimized dealer looks like and how much more a dealership could be selling in sales, parts and service to be a sustainable business in today’s economy. The tool is used to examine three scenarios to demonstrate its flexibility. These scenarios include a top-ten dealer, a large-scale above-average dealer, and a merger of three dealerships. The spreadsheet tool will display a two-page summary that shows how a dealership compares with other dealers that are similar in size and how they compare to the top-ten elite dealers in their category. The summary will also include market share maps to show which dealer-specific geographical areas need improvement to earn more sales in the future.

Ring is a composition for orchestra (piccolo [doubling flute], two flutes, two oboes, English horn, two clarinets in B-flat, bass clarinet, two bassoons, contra-bassoon, four horns, four trumpets, two tenor trombones, bass trombone, tuba, three percussion parts [including glockenspiel, vibraphone, tubular bells, snare drum, toms, bass drum, suspended cymbal, drum kit, triangle, and gong], timpani, harp, piano, and standard strings) and spatially separated women's choir (SA right, SA left). This arrangement of media is intended to "ring" the audience with performers. At the notated tempo of two quarter-notes per second, the duration of the piece is exactly 17'40". The title of Ring comes from a poem of the same name written by the composer which is the principal text sung by the choir in the piece. The text of the poem is as follows: Wendy is a ring / A beginning and an end / Connected / The finest gold / Melted by touch / Cooled by breath / She fits my every finger / Without constraint / But permanent / Priceless, Precious, Beautiful / Alone / She clothes me. The poem and composition were written for, and dedicated to, the composer's wife. The ring metaphor ("ring" meaning cyclical, unending, complete) underlies many of the compositional choices in the work. Much of the surface of the music and its deeper structural elements are palindromes, which, because they end as they begin, have a circular nature. Also, the pitch structure of the piece involves the climactic completion of the "cycle" of the twelve available equal-tempered pitch classes. A further organizational element is the Fibonacci series, a mathematical construct which is used to determine small-scale rhythms and the duration of the larger sections of the work. These components, taken together, have resulted in a composition filled with variety and contrasts, which, nonetheless, is quite organically cohesive. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

El presente trabajo de investigación desenvuelve una propuesta de comercialización de repuestos alternativos para maquinaria de construcción con características diferenciadas en términos de diseño y fabricación del producto dentro del segmento del mercado alternativo; brindando piezas mecánicas de encaje perfecto para maquinaria, esto se traduce sustancialmente en la mejora del rendimiento de la maquinaria. En el ambiente de las medianas y pequeñas constructoras, los repuestos alternativos son requeridos cuando el equipo mecánico ha llegado a alcanzar las horas de trabajo dentro de la garantía original; y a partir de este punto en el tiempo de vida de la maquinaria se comienzan a analizar “eficiencia en costos”, originándose la posibilidad del uso del alternativo frente al original y para ello cobra importancia, accesibilidad, la inmediatez, la disponibilidad y precio del repuesto. El segmento de clientes objetivo se caracteriza por dueños de equipo de construcción del líder mundial en maquinaria pesada que operan en proyectos de pequeña o mediana envergadura, quienes hoy se encuentran tomando decisiones a corto plazo sobre la manera de cómo mantener sus equipos, ellos no buscan una reconstrucción completa de sus equipos con partes premium, ellos encuentran mayor valor en la prontitud de arreglar el equipo para volver a trabajar, estas decisiones a menudo están íntimamente relacionadas con presiones internas para atender el flujo de caja y metas mensuales de su negocio. Este segmento de clientes adquiere actualmente repuestos alternativos experimentando insatisfacción por la baja calidad de los productos existentes en el mercado peruano. Para este segmento, la propuesta ofrece el mayor rendimiento que se puede brindar al “Equipo Clásico” empleando piezas de encaje perfecto de gran fiabilidad y confiabilidad con una disponibilidad garantizada a través de una red de distribuidores que serán ubicados a nivel nacional y todo a un costo razonable por los repuestos alternativos. El mercado potencial está compuesto por todos los clientes que poseen equipos de la marca líder en maquinaria pesada clásico (antigüedad mayor a 10 años), que para un parque más de 1,500 equipos representan un potencial de mercado estimado mayor a 7 MM USD; de otro lado el mercado meta está compuesto por el 30% de los clientes del mercado potencial que se alcanzará el 3er año con una oportunidad estimada mayor a los 2MM USD. Los proveedores que operan en el mercado actual de partes y repuestos alternativos se encuentran atomizados y dispersos, en este contexto no existe una marca líder del segmento; esto representa una clara oportunidad para la compañía líder nacional en maquinaria pesada puesto que además del producto ofrecido, puede usar el respaldo que lo caracteriza para conseguir penetrar y posicionarse en el segmento a través del lanzamiento de repuestos ALOR. La inversión para puesta en marcha del negocio es de 800,000 USD, siendo que el financiamiento en deuda corresponde al 62.5%, el destino de las inversiones será en activo tangible relacionadas principalmente con la locación y preparación de las tiendas en los principales conglomerados de repuestos del país y el nivel de stock inicial. Se ha logrado demostrar que el negocio es rentable analizando sus principales indicadores y ello conlleva a que es perfectamente factible continuar con el proceso de expansión del negocio abriendo nuevos puntos de venta en el país; sin embargo; este análisis no forma parte del alcance del desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación. Es así que para un escenario moderado de proyecciones del flujo de caja del negocio que considera una inflación del 2.5% y un crecimiento del 20% anual de las ventas; tenemos un periodo de retorno de la inversión de 5 años. En la evaluación financiera realizada, obtenemos un Valor Actual Neto de $ 576,184.00, además de una Taza Interna de Retorno del 18% que sobrepasa la tasa de descuento utilizad; lo que nos demuestra que el emprendimiento resulta rentable al superar los ingresos a sus egresos durante los siguientes 5 años futuros. / This research paper develops a proposal for the commercialization of alternative spare parts for heavy construction machinery with the characteristics of differentiation in terms of product design and manufacturing within the segment of the alternative market; providing perfect fit mechanical parts for machinery, this translates substantially into improving the performance of the machinery. In medium and small construction companies, alternative spare parts are required when machinery has reached the working hours within the original warranty; and from this point in the lifetime of the machinery medium and small construction companies begin to analyze "cost efficiency", leading the possibility of using the alternative spare parts against the genuine and for this it becomes important, accessibility, immediacy, availability and price of spare parts. The target customer segment is characterized by construction machinery owners of the world leader in heavy machinery operating on small or medium-sized projects, who are today making short-term decisions on how to keep their machinery, they don't seek a complete overhaul of their machinery with premium parts, they find greater value in the promptness of fixing the machinery to get back to work, these decisions are often closely related to pressures to meet cash flow and monthly business goals. This segment of customers currently acquires alternative spare parts experiencing dissatisfaction with the low quality of existing products in the Peruvian market. For this segment, the proposal offers the highest performance that can be provided to the "Classic Machinery" using perfect fit spare parts of great reliability with guaranteed availability through a network of distributors that will be located nationwide and all of this at a reasonable cost for alternative spare parts. The potential market is made up of all customers who own machinery from the leading brand in classic heavy machinery (older than 10 years), which for a park of more than1,500 equipment represents an estimated market potential greater than USD 7 MM; on the other hand the target market is made up of 30% of the potential market customers who will reach the 3rd year with an estimated opportunity greater than 2MM USD. The suppliers that operate in the current market of alternative spare parts are atomized and dispersed, in this context there is no leading brand in the segment; this represents a good opportunity for the national leader in heavy machinery company since in addition of the product offered, it can use the support that characterizes it to get penetrated and positions in the segment through the launch of ALOR spare parts. The investment for start-up of the business is 800,000 USD, with debt financing being 62.5%, the destination of the investments will be tangible assets related mainly to the location and preparation of the stores in the main conglomerates of country spare parts and initial stock level. It has been possible to demonstrate that the business is profitable by analyzing its main indicators and this means that it is perfectly feasible to continue the process of expanding the business by opening new points of sale in the country; however; this analysis is not part of the scope of the development of this research paper. Thus, for a moderate scenario of business cash flow projections that considers inflation of 2.5% and 20% annual sales growth; we have a 5-year return on investment period. In the financial evaluation, we obtain a Net Present Value of $576,184.00, which shows us that entrepreneurship is profitable by surpassing the income to its egress for the next 5 years. In addition, an Internal Rate of Return of 18% that exceeds the discount rate used. / Trabajo de investigación

In this paper I will look at two common theories about persistence and their views on parthood. The two theories are Endurantism and Perdurantism, but I will also mention exdurantism which is a theory closely related to perdurantism. Endurantism is a three-dimensional theory which states that persisting objects are at every moment “wholly present” and have no temporal extent. Perdurantism and exdurantism on the other hand are four-dimensional theories which states that objects have temporal as well as spatial extent. The four-dimensional theories apply an atemporal parthood relation between a persisting object and its temporal parts, this means that a persisting object has its parts simpliciter. Three dimensionalists usually do not talk about a thing having temporal parts, but some philosophers think that there is nothing that restricts a three-dimensionalist from applying a similar understanding of parthood as the four-dimensionalist does. I will begin by taking a look at the different theories and their solutions to two common problems associated with persistence. Later on, I will look at the atemporal parthood relation that perdurantists apply to their theory and see if it really is something an endurantist could accept as well. I will make my conclusion based on what would logically follow from accepting the concept of atemporal parthood. I will argue that, while endurantists could accept path inclusion, they can in fact not apply an atemporal parthood relation between a persisting object and its temporal parts without their view collapsing into four-dimensionalism. I will also show that path inclusion cannot do the same job in solving these two problems that will be discussed. Besides this, my point will also be to argue that it is unmotivated (or even a mistake) for a three-dimensionalist to apply any three-dimensional version of atemporal parthood to their theory.