This investigation proposes a lean model of production management for a small and micro enterprise (SME) dealing in packaging production in the auto parts sector, with the purpose of increasing efficiency in its production line. To this end, this model integrates study method tools and SMED, seeking to reduce waiting times and unnecessary operations, which have been identified as causing the problem on the basis of an initial diagnosis of the situation. Furthermore, to support and guarantee success in implementing these tools, John Kotter's Change Model is used. After two months of implementation, the results showed a 50% reduction in setup operation time and a 32% decrease in filing operation time, which are bottlenecks in the production process. Thus, with the new indicators, the line efficiency increased by 7% from the initial situation, thus showing improvement.

Durante los últimos años, el sector automotriz ha tenido muchas falencias especialmente con el incremento de la informalidad en el mercado de autopartes, generando mucha desconfianza por parte de los usuarios y promoviendo el mercado negro en el Perú, obteniendo un rechazo por parte de los inversionistas por incursionar e incrementar las ventas de autopartes en nuestro país. Lo que buscamos con este proyecto es poder hacer atractivo el modelo de negocio formal de autopartes en el Perú por medio de una sofisticada integración de red de proveedores a nivel nacional para satisfacer las necesidades de una demanda mal atendida. Cars&Parts es una plataforma digital que se puede utilizar desde un Smartphone o una computadora, en donde podrás buscar el autoparte o repuesto de la marca que necesites. Ayudamos a los usuarios a ahorrar tiempo y dinero, brindando productos de calidad con el mejor servicio especializado en el rubro automotriz. Nuestros clientes podrán navegar y buscar sus repuestos en nuestras 10 categorías o por las tiendas oficiales que se encuentran en nuestro Marketplace. La conclusión de nuestro trabajo de investigación es que el modelo de negocio Cars&Parts es sostenible y especialmente rentable, todo esto se comprueba a lo largo este proyecto. / During the last years, the automotive sector has had many shortcomings, especially with the increase in informality in the autoparts market, generating a lot of distrust on the part of users and promoting the black market in Peru, obtaining a rejection from investors. for entering and increasing auto parts sales in our country. What we are looking for with this project is to be able to make the formal auto parts business model in Peru attractive by means of a sophisticated integration of the supplier network at the national level to satisfy the needs of a poorly attended demand. Cars & Parts is a digital platform that can be used from a smartphone or a computer, where you can search for the auto part or replacement of the brand you need. We help users save time and money, providing quality products with the best specialized service in the automotive field. Our customers can browse and search for their parts in our 10 categories or through the official stores found in our marketplace. The conclusion of our research work is that the Cars&Parts business model is sustainable and especially profitable, all this is verified throughout this project. / Trabajo de investigación

Ces travaux de recherche sont réalisés dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE en collaboration entre Schlumberger et le LURPA de l’ENS Cachan. Schlumberger est une entreprise de service pétrolier. Elle développe des outils de mesures fonctionnant sous des conditions sévères de température et pression élevées mais aussi des effets dynamiques tels que des accélérations produisant des chocs entre les différentes pièces.L’objectif de la thèse est de déployer de nouvelles règles de cotation, pour des assemblages hyperstatiques déformables, basées sur la méthode CLIC et les normes ISO. La déformation des pièces dépend considérablement des défauts géométriques. Nous avons donc couplé des modèles de chaînes de cotes 3D avec des modèles RdM de type poutre afin d’optimiser les tolérances. Ces modèles doivent permettre la prise en compte des jeux d’assemblage dans les liaisons, la rigidité des pièces et les différents types de contact entre les sous-ensembles des outils étudiés.Ces modèles multi-physiques ont permis de caractériser le comportement mécanique en fonction des écarts géométriques des pièces. Enfin, pour des études plus complexes, des modélisations et simulations éléments finis, sur Abaqus, ont été réalisés puis validées par une campagne expérimentale de comportement au choc. / This research is carried out within a CIFRE doctoral thesis in collaboration between Schlumberger and the LURPA of ENS Cachan. Schlumberger is an oil service company. It develops measurement tools operating under severe conditions of high temperature and pressure but also dynamic effects such as accelerations producing shocks between the different parts.The objective of the thesis is to deploy new dimensioning and tolerancing rules for deformable hyperstatic assemblies, based on the CLIC method and the ISO standards. The deformation of the parts greatly depends on the geometrical defects. We have coupled 3D dimension chains with beam models to optimize tolerances. These models must allow the taking into account of the assembly clearances between parts, their rigidity and the different types of contact between the subassemblies of the studied tools.These multi-physical models allowed to characterize the mechanical behavior as a function of the geometrical deviations of parts. Finally, for more complex studies, finite element models and simulations on Abaqus were carried out and then validated by an experimental campaign of impact behavior.

In this study, the material utilization efficiency in terms of cutting yield for two furniture frame models from a local upholstery company was evaluated using computer simulation software with optimization capacity. Effects of full panel size of wood-based composites, furniture frame number, and frame part shape and size on cutting yield were investigated. Simulation results indicate that the cutting yield is affected by full panel sizes and number of frames cut. Curve-shaped parts and small size parts can lower the material cutting yield. The overall material cutting yield obtained with simulation software can reach the range from 80 to 84%, which was higher than the current yield of 79.80% from the company. Optimum cutting yield of 84% can be achieved when 40 frames were produced with 4.5 by 8 feet panel.

The efficacy of USDA approved antimicrobials was evaluated in reducing Salmonella and Campylobacter on ground chicken frames and chicken breast fillets. Chicken frames dip treated with peracetic acid (PAA), lauric arginate (LAE), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and acidified lactic acid (ALA) reduced Salmonella and Campylobacter counts in ground chicken frames without affecting meat pH and color. PAA and LAE reduced Salmonella by 0.9 log on d0 whereas on d1, PAA and CPC reduced by 1.4 and 0.9 log CFU/g respectively. PAA, ALA, propionic acid and LAE significantly reduced Campylobacter by 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, and 1.2 log CFU/g, respectively. On chicken breast fillets, 30 s application of PAA (0.04% and 0.07% pH 6.5) reduced loosely attached Salmonella by 0.5 and 0.8 log CFU/ml, respectively. ALA, octanoic acid and PAA reduced loosely attached Campylobacter by 1 log while all treatments except propionic acid were effective against strongly attached cells on chicken breast fillets.

Service parts management is an integral component of customer satisfaction. The service parts supply chain has a number of unique challenges that differentiate it from retail and manufacturing supply chains. These challenges include: unpredictable and lumpy demand, limited storage capacity, high demand service rate requirements, and high risk of obsolescence. This research focuses on the use of substitution as a policy tool to aid in service part supply chain management; particularly with respect to low inventory and high dollar value components. In one part of this dissertation, a Markov chain is used to model unidirectional substitution with dissimilar part reliability. In addition, this work investigates probabilistic substitution policies that allow substitution to be employed on a partial basis. This research also utilizes a Poisson process to explore steady state optimization with probabilistic substitution for a model in which a non-primary part is utilized solely as a substitute for primary parts. The models demonstrate that both substitution protocols can significantly enhance customer performance benchmarks. Unidirectional substitution policies improve fill rate and backorder levels for the machine upon which substitution is performed. The price of this improvement is the cost of additional ordering and inventory, along with decreased fill rate and backorder performance, on the machine whose parts are used for substitution. Substitution, using a part solely carried for that purpose, increases performance levels without higher inventory levels of either primary part. However, this type of substitution requires the inclusion of an additional inventory part and the associated costs.

Can a house be a product? This thesis sets out to form a set of basic elements for a minimum house in light of this question that is both functional and aesthetic. The goal is to develop an efficient prefabricated system of construction analogous to a chart of chemical elements. The modular system is then applied to the most basic footprint for a house - a 400 square foot Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU). Through studying the fundamental parts of a house, a level of understanding emerges, which allows for a projection of the idea as a whole. The ideal of prefabrication posits the possibility of architecture as a system. This idea has attracted architects for decades, despite what appears to be an inherent tension between architecture as a system and the poetic iconicity of the house as a type. A study of the systemic introduced by considerations of prefabrication can offer a deeper understanding of the complex nature of architecture. Finally, can the essence of architecture endure amidst the necessary limitations of factory production and manufacturing in our post-industrial age? / Master of Architecture / This thesis consists of a system-generated 400 square foot prefabricated house, a catalog of the house's elements, an expanded catalog of small houses, and a series of studies conducted while traveling through Europe and upon return. The system utilizes a series of functional pods and frames the 'served' with panelized elemental compounds such as walls, floors, and roofs to meet the programmatic requirements of a house. By applying this limited catalog, the feasibility of production can be explored through an expanded catalog. Ultimately, the whole must be greater than the sum of its parts; through tectonic articulation, functional clarity and an additive approach, this can be achieved while meeting the strict constraints that prefabrication demands.

Yes / In CAD, when considering the question of new designs of complex mechanical parts, such as engine pistons, a parametric representation of the design is usually defined. However, in general there is a lack of efficient tools to create and manipulate such parametrically defined shapes. In this paper, we show how the geometry of complex mechanical parts can be parameterised efficiently enabling a designer to create and manipulate such geometries within an interactive environment. For surface generation we use the PDE method which allows surfaces to be defined in terms of a relatively small number of design parameters. The PDE method effectively creates surfaces by using the information contained at the boundaries (edges) of the surface patch. An interactively defined parameterisation can then be introduced on the boundaries (which are defined by means of space curves) of the surface. Thus, we show how complex geometries of mechanical parts, such as engine pistons, can be efficiently parameterised for geometry manipulation allowing a designer to create alternative designs.

The  purpose of this work  is to investigate the  extent to which small and medium-sized manufacturing  companies handle spare  parts with  the help of outsourcing,  what factors influence  the decision, and what effect it has on the  maintenance  in  general.   The  aim  of the  study  is to identify  any  challenges that outsourcing  of spare  parts management creates. The  goal of the  study  is to  answer the  two  following  research questions:   ⦁  What are  the driving  forces for outsourcing  spare  parts management?   ⦁  How is maintenance  at  large  is  affected by  outsourcing  of spare  parts management?   It is important to note that due to the unpredictable  demand and uncertainty  about spare  parts, stock planning  and demand forecasts  are  challenges  for  spare  parts managers. This is a problem that can be  solved with the  right outsourcing  strategy.  It is a challenge  for  companies to find the  right solution based on  their manufacturing  and time-to-failure  rate. The  study  is conducted with semi-structured interviews with  people who are  directly connected to spare  parts  management and maintenance. Three  different companies,  about  the same size  on local level  have  been taken in the  study. The  study  has found  that there  is a significant  connection to  how outsourcing  affects  maintenance  and which  factors must be considered.  There  is clear potential for  increased  profitability  through  outsourcing  spare  parts management. The  results of the  study  cannot be  generalized but  must  be  applied  based on  the conditions the company  has.  Currently,  more  and more  companies choose to outsource  the  spare  parts management. This question  needs  to be studied deeply  in every  segment to display  what advantages  and disadvantages this option can have  for  specific  enterprises on different levels

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