The aim of this study was to determine the differences of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) originated from two geographically isolated areas according to morphological parameters and the age of dead freshwater pearl mussel Data were collected from four localities, i. e. from the two areas (Šumava: Blanice, Zlatý potok and Aš area: Bystřina and Rokytnice). The average length of shells was 95.8 mm, thickness 27.9 mm, height 43.4 mm. The ligament was eroded from 57 % and index (ration between thickness and length x 50) was on average 32 %. Thickness of the shells and the percentage of eroded ligament differed between the two areas. Both of these parameters were higher in Aš area. Other morphological parameters (length and height of the shells and the above mentioned index) were similar in both areas. Assessment of age according to the growth lines in the ligament was significantly higher than the evaluation using growth lines on the surface of the shells. Mean age of freshwater pearl mussels determined using growth lines in the ligament was 36 years old and on the surface of the shells was 30 years old. Age according to the growth lines in the ligament better correlated with the length of the shell than percentage of eroded ligament. Age of dead freshwater pearl mussel was comparable in both areas, however differed between localities. Rokytnice proved to be the most suitable habitat for freshwater pearl mussels according to the age estimation.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the quality of localities and their suitability for possible juvenile reintroduction based on the morphometric parameters and the age of dead freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera). The age of the dead individuals was determined from the stained cross section of pearl shell layer. Shells were sampled on localities in Aš (Bystřina, Lužní potok, Rokytnice and Újezdský potok) and Šumava (Blanice, Kleine Ohe and Zlatý potok) in the Czech Republic and in the adjacent parts of Germany in 2015 and 2017. A total of 77 shells were used. Shells of larger sizes were found out in the Aš region. The average age of the shells was 46 years and did not differ between the regions. The average annual increments did also not differ between regions. It was 72,5 ?m.year-1. Shells of individuals originated from Rokytnice and Újezdský potok reached the highest age and had the greatest annual increments. Shells of individuals originated from Zlatý potok reached the lowest age and their annual increments were the lowest.

Quality of populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) influence of occurence of freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in river in the Czech Republic. Freshwater pearl mussel is a critically endangered species of animals. It does not have a very specific requirements only on environment but mainly on a specific host for holding glochidia (larval stage of pearl mussel). Thus fish management and migratory permeability of flow for support of existing populations is very important. Basic and essential precondition to support populations of freshwater pearl mussels is the presence of viable populations of brown trout, which represents the only suitable host glochidia. There are five locations with the biggest occurrence of pearl mussel in the Czech Republic - river basins the Blanice, the Teplá Vltava, the Malše, the Rokytnice and the Jankovský potok. The management of these flows is under local organizations of Czech Fishing Union, the National Park and Protected Landscape Area of the Šumava, the Secondary School of Fisheries in Vodňany and Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters. The present management was found in the questionnaire for representatives of farming organizations. According to the answers in the questionnaire, the change of plans of restocking was recommended in the river basins of the Teplá Vltava and the Jankovský potok. There is the cooperation with the Germany was recommended in the river basin of the Rokytnice. The restoration of fish nursery is suitable in the river basin of the Malše. There is the first-rate population of brown trout in the river basin of Blanice, thus the continue in the present fish management for next support of this population in sequence on the populations of freshwater pearl mussel was recommended

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-23T18:48:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçao - Ana Claudia Alves D’Abadia - 2014.pdf: 1613481 bytes, checksum: 210b61d96b0368d1f2b68b61da6bfc10 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-24T14:01:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçao - Ana Claudia Alves D’Abadia - 2014.pdf: 1613481 bytes, checksum: 210b61d96b0368d1f2b68b61da6bfc10 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-24T14:01:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçao - Ana Claudia Alves D’Abadia - 2014.pdf: 1613481 bytes, checksum: 210b61d96b0368d1f2b68b61da6bfc10 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Brazil is the largest producer of beans. Several factors may limit the productivity of bean such as disease, however proper management coupled with the use of agricultural inputs can provide increased productivity. So the objective was to assess the present work rates and timing of application of plant growth promoter Booster® three bean cultivars and fungicides and their application timing on the effect of pyraclostrobin to cultivate pearl beans. The experiments were conducted in a factorial arrangement with three factors, for which nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll index, height of insertion of first pod and plant disease severity, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod were evaluated, thousand grain weight and yield. Pearl cultivar showed higher productivity than cultivar splendor. The dose of 0.15 L ha-1 reduced the index Chlorophyll Falker and plant height cherry cultivar. The plant growth promoter used in V4 resulted in increased activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase, but without increases in productivity. Regarding the effect of the application of pyraclostrobin Comet® before topdressing increased the activity of nitrate reductase, plant height, number of seeds per pod and grain yield of pearl beans. / O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de feijão. Diversos fatores podem limitar a produtividade do feijoeiro, como as doenças, no entanto o manejo adequado aliado ao uso de insumos agrícolas pode propiciar aumento de produtividade. Assim objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar doses e épocas de aplicação do bioestimulante Booster® em três cultivares de feijoeiro e fungicidas e sua época de aplicação quanto ao efeito da piraclostrobina para a cultivar de feijoeiro pérola. Os experimentos foram instalados em arranjo fatorial com três fatores, para os quais foram avaliadas atividade da redutase do nitrato, índice de clorofila, altura de inserção de primeira vagem e de plantas, severidade de doenças, número de vagens por planta e de grãos por vagens, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. A cultivar pérola apresentou maior produtividade que a cultivar esplendor. A dose de 0,15 L ha-1 reduziu o Índice de Clorofila Falker e altura de plantas da cultivar pitanga. O bioestimulante aplicado em V4 resultou em maior atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato, no entanto, sem incrementos na produtividade. Quanto ao efeito da piraclostrobina a aplicação de Comet® antes da adubação de cobertura incrementou a atividade da redutase do nitrato, na altura de plantas, no número de grãos por vagem e na produtividade de grãos de feijoeiro pérola.

Conventional theories and empirical studies on global production networks (GPNs) and global value chains (GVCs) have dealt with the dynamic organization of production on global, regional, national, and local scales but have given limited attention to market dynamics. In recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, a paradigmatic shift was observed in GPNs and GVCs that directed interests in market dynamics of developing country suppliers in the changing market dynamics in the Global North and the South. However, this phenomenon has not received adequate attention in the existing literature. This thesis aims to examine the firm-level market strategies of labor-intensive supplier firms in developing countries and the effects on the organization of production networks. Since the opening and reform in the late 1970s, the development of labor-intensive industries in China and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in particular, the well-known "world factory", have been significantly driven by export to advanced Western markets, such as the United States and European Union. However, in recent years, manufacturing suppliers in the PRD have changed their market orientations, leading to the considerable industrial transformation. Taking the furniture and garment industries in the PRD as a case, this thesis attempts to systematically explore the market strategies of manufacturing suppliers in different sectors and regions/sub-regions and the subsequent effects on the transformation of manufacturing industries and reorganization of production networks through three empirical case studies. First, the study examines the market strategies of export-oriented furniture supplier firms in the eastern PRD (Dongguan and Shenzhen City) and its effects on industrial transformation and reorganization of production networks. Second, to compare the market strategies of different kinds of suppliers in different sub-regions, the study explores the domestic market-oriented furniture suppliers in the western PRD (Shunde District, Foshan City). Third, for the understanding of the interaction between spatial cross-border production relocation and market strategies, this study investigates the market strategies of relocated garment supplier firms when they relocated manufacturing operations from China to Southeast Asia and explores the subsequent reorganization of production networks Based on the field investigation and particularly in-depth interviews with furniture and garment manufacturing firms in the PRD, this study identifies three types of market strategies of suppliers in the PRD and different effects on the organization of production networks. First, in the export-oriented furniture industry in the eastern PRD, most of furniture suppliers engaged in market reorientation from exporting to Western markets (e.g., the US and EU) to selling in the domestic markets of China through in-term firm partnerships with domestic chain retailers. Strategic recoupling with domestic markets of China stimulated the emergence of domestic market-oriented production networks in which supplier firms gained functional upgrading and experienced downgrading simultaneously. Second, in the domestic market-oriented furniture industry in the western PRD, domestic market-oriented suppliers who previous served for low-end segment of domestic markets of China have turned to engage in the market diversification to target different market niches. The diversified market strategies including low-end, middle-end, and high-end market strategies made furniture production networks evolve from merely relying on the domestic markets of China to co-dependence on emerging markets of China and other developing economies. In the reorganized production networks, furniture suppliers gained functional upgrading as they integrated into higher-end segments of domestic markets. Third, different from furniture suppliers, garment supplier firms engaged in the cross-border production relocation from China to the lower-cost Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam, which is driven by different market strategies. Garment firms relocated from China to Southeast Asia for maintaining their strategic coupling with global brand names from advanced Western markets. Whilst, textile firms conducted production relocation to meet the requirements and strategic needs of buyers from home markets of China and host markets in Southeast Asia. There has witnessed the emergence of Western market-oriented triangular production networks coordinated by the relocated foreign-invested and Chinese garment firms, in which relocated garment firms have gained limited upgrading prospects. This thesis argues that market strategies adopted by local suppliers to change their power relations with other actors, such as global brand names and domestic retailers, have emerged as one of the most remarkable driving forces behind the transformation of manufacturing industries in China and particularly the PRD in the changing global economy. Emerging market-driven production networks have been emerged in manufacturing industries in China, with the rise of emerging markets in developing countries. In particular, China played an important role in reshaping the spatial and structural organization of global production networks and value chains. This research contributes to the literature by exploring the changing market dynamics with focus on the firm-level strategies. It also adds the literature by exploring the implications of emerging markets in the Global South for the reorganization of global production networks and value chains. In contrast to the previous industrial development pattern in developing countries that resulted from integration into Western market-led production networks, market strategies of local suppliers in the PRD has demonstrated a bias toward emerging market-driven industrial development.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Food Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Food Science / unrestricted

Pearl millet is a cereal crop cultivated by subsistence farmers in semi-arid parts of Africa and Asia. In Namibia, pearl millet porridge is a staple food for over half of the population. Healthful Harvest, a cooperative of subsistence farmers in a rural area in Namibia is developing a flour product with extended shelf life and a short cooking time comprising pearl millet and cowpea. This requires the application of simple technology. The pearl millet grain is small (3-15 mg) but has a proportionally larger germ than all other cereal grains, except perhaps maize. Therefore, it tends to contain a high content of triglycerides, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Pearl millet flour is susceptible to rancidity within a few days due to lipolysis and subsequent oxidation of the de-esterified unsaturated fatty acids. To try to prevent rancidity and to pre-cook, pearl millet grain was subjected to toasting, boiling and toasting then boiling before reduction to flour. The effects of these different thermal treatments on fat acidity, peroxide value (PV) and conjugated diene and triene values of pearl millet flour before and after three months storage at ambient conditions were determined. The degree of cook of starch was determined on fresh flours. The porridges made from the flour of the treated grains were evaluated by a trained panel and by consumers. Analyses of energy demands and practicality of the thermal treatments and extrusion cooking as processing technologies in manufacturing pearl millet flour in rural parts of Namibia were made. Fat acidity for the untreated flour increased significantly from 0.11 to 3.72 g KOH kg-1, whereas no significant increase observed in the flours of wet thermally-treated grains. This indicates that wet thermal treatments inhibited triglyceride hydrolysis. The PVs of the flours of the wet thermally-treated grain increased seven-fold, while the PV of the untreated flour decreased. A similar trend was observed for the conjugated diene values. The conjugated triene values increased significantly for all the samples. These results indicate autoxidation in the thermally-treated samples and that there was accumulation of hydroperoxides. The degree of cook of the wet thermally-treated grain (~40%) was twice that of the untreated and toasted grains, indicating that the wet thermal treatment partially gelatinised the grain. Porridges prepared using untreated flours were associated with rancid flavours, while those of other treatments were not, indicating that the thermal treatments can prevent rancidity. Consumers preferred the porridge prepared using flour of the boiled grain, presumably because it was fully cooked, whereas others were not. Thus, the boiling treatment can be applied to extend the shelf life of and pre-cook pearl millet flour. The energy demands for boiling and extrusion cooking were estimated to be 0.6 and 0.2 kWh kg-1, respectively. The energy demand for the boiling process can be minimised by sun-drying instead of using electricity. The cost of an extruder would be prohibitively costly for Healthful Harvest. Thus, boiling the grain is a suitable appropriate technology that can be applied in the Healthful Harvest situation by ordinary people, with no specialist skills. / Thesis (MSc(Agric) (Food Science and Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Food Science / MSc(Agric) / unrestricted

No description available.

In the introduction, doctoral thesis as a complex technological project uses the summary title Stability of production. Stability of production is defined as a maintaining the required properties of the system over a given time period. Stability of production, based on the literature study included: – generally known systems and concepts, for example Process Stability, System Stability, Toyota Production System, Lean Manufacturing, etc. – less-known systems and concepts, for example Maintaining the fidelity of the production program, Stable order-sequence concept. The practical part of the doctoral thesis is focused on the less-known concept: Stable order-sequence. The task of the Stable order-sequence is to follow the sequence of orders given by the planned production program in the course of the production and at the end of production. Maintaining the sequence of the orders has a positive experience in the logistics activities between the final producer and its suppliers. As it was found by the planned experiment for a full factory plan, the sequence of orders in the material flow of original equipment manufacturer is influenced mainly by: – the cause of the removing orders from material flow, – the effect of the causes LIFO stack vs. branched material flow, – the effect of the causes LIFO stack vs. branched material flow vs. the removing from the material flow. By the analysis of Stable order-sequence, it was found that the methodology of the concept contains deficiencies. It does not state how to choose for example the size of the time period, time interval, data editing etc. By this lack, the subject can skew the results in the evaluation of the indicator PFT0 up to 4 %. Or by using of suitable adjustment, the value of the indicator PFT0 can be improved more than 50 %. To test the concept of a Stable order-sequence in practice has been designed technological project with the support of discrete-event simulation. It was about the implementation of new management logic to the stack behind the welding of original equipment manufacturer. The new logic of management was designed with an emphasis on Stable order-sequence concept, to arrange the orders in process according to the planned sequence. On the base of the functionality verification of the new stack logic, it was found that the logic affects the sequence of the orders, but not fundamentally. In tracking the hourly intervals for 25th calendar week 2013, the value of PFT0 was not improved in 37 cases, the value remains in 30 cases and the value was improved by the value of the median 18,68 % in 30 cases orders.

Negli ultimi anni sono state pubblicate diverse normative, tra le quali ritroviamo la Decisione 2015/495 che ha emesso una lista di contaminanti con problematiche emergenti. Tra questi vi è il Triallate, erbicida pre-emergenza sul quale è stato basato questo progetto. In questo elaborato sono stati messi a confronto i risultati di uno studio triennale, il cui obiettivo era quello di monitorare le concentrazioni nelle acque di falda di due metaboliti del Triallate (DIPA e TCPSA), con i dati emersi dai modelli previsionali (FOCUS-Pearl) e verificare se tali dati erano concordi o se i valori della modellistica fornivano una tutela largamente protettiva nei confronti dell’ambiente, in sede di registrazione. / Recently, several regulations have been published, among which we find Decision 2015/495 which contains a list of contaminants with emerging problems. Among these we find Triallate, an herbicide on which this project was based. In this paper, the results of a three-year study on two metabolites of Triallate (DIPA and TCPSA) were compared with the data emerging from models (FOCUS-Pearl ). At the end we check if these data were in agreement or if the values ​​of the modeling provided a largely protective protection towards the environment.