The freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) has declined dramatically throughout its range and is faced with recruitment problems in most of the streams where populations still persist. Human activities, such as forestry and agriculture, are thought to be the main reason for these problems. In this study, spatial information on landscape features along 38 streams with known recruitment status were analyzed in an effort to determine if GIS-tools could be used to identify streams with successful recruitment. Differences in the distribution of various landscape features, measured in stream corridors of 50 and 150 m, and differences in several water chemical factors between streams with and without recruitment were investigated. The distribution of landscape features was also compared with host fish (brown trout) density and any statistically significant water chemical factor.  Both mussel recruitment and trout density were found to be negatively related to clear-cuts, and mussel recruitment was also negatively related to high water color, which has been shown to be correlated with high nutrient content, one of several adverse effects of clear-cutting close to streams. Recruitment was expected to be negatively affected by roads, but no such relationship could be found. Instead, mussel recruitment was found to be positively related to the number of road crossings per kilometer, but the strength of this relationship was questionable. In addition, even though it was somewhat unclear, high proportions of lakes and ponds were found to be positive for both recruitment and high trout density. The results of the study indicate that GIS-tools can be used to find landscape features that affect recruitment of freshwater pearl mussel and they support the belief that forestry activities are an important cause for the decline of the species in Sweden. In addition, the results indicate that leaving protective zones of forest between streams and clear-cuts can be a possible conservation method for the freshwater pearl mussel. / Flodpärlmusslan (Margaritifera margaritifera) har minskat kraftigt i hela sitt utbredningsområde och i de flesta vattendrag där populationer finns kvar sker ingen rekrytering. Mänskliga aktiviteter, exempelvis skogsbruk och jordbruk, anses vara huvudorsaken för dessa problem. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om GIS-verktyg kan användas för att identifiera vattendrag med fungerande rekrytering. För att uppnå det analyserades geografisk information om landskapet längs 38 vattendrag med känd rekryteringsstatus. Skillnader i fördelningen av olika landskapsföreteelser, uppmätt i 50 och 150 meters buffertzoner, och skillnader i flera vattenkemiska faktorer mellan vattendrag med eller utan rekrytering undersöktes. Dessutom undersöktes även om det fanns något förhållande mellan landskapsföreteelser och tätheten av värdfisk (öring) och mellan landskapsföreteelser och signifikanta vattenkemiska faktorer. Både rekrytering av flodpärlmusslor och öringstäthet var negativt relaterad till kalhyggen. Rekrytering var också negativt relaterad till hög vattenfärg, som har visats vara korrelerat med högt näringsinnehåll, en av flera effekter kalhyggen nära vattendrag har. Rekrytering förväntades påverkas negativt av vägar, men inget negativt förhållande hittades. Istället hittades ett positivt förhållande mellan rekrytering och antalet vägkorsningar per kilometer, men styrkan av det förhållandet var ifrågasättbar. Dessutom var, om än något otydligt, andelen sjö och damm positivt för både rekrytering och hög öringtäthet. Studien indikerar att GIS-verktyg kan användas för att hitta landskapsföreteelser som påverkar rekryteringen av flodpärlmusslor och den stödjer bedömningen att skogsbruk är en av de viktigaste anledningarna till artens nedgång i Sverige. Dessutom indikerar resultaten att skyddszoner mellan kalhyggen och vattendrag kan vara en möjlig skyddsåtgärd för flodpärlmusslan.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur två verklighetsbaserade Hollywoodfilmer, Pearl Harbor och World Trade Center, framställer det amerikanska folket samt dess fiender när landet blir attackerat. Vår studie är baserad på en kvalitativ kritisk diskursanalys förankrad i hermeneutiken, Vi väljer ut två filmer som vi sedan granskar och analyserar. Analysen visar att trots filmerna skiljer sig i handling och när de utspelar sig, så har de många gemensamma faktorer. Det framstår som att USA blir oskyldigt attackerat eftersom det inte redogjorts i filmerna några bakomliggande faktorer till vad som hänt. Genom symboler, handlingar, musik och tal speglas en påtaglig amerikansk patriotism i båda filmerna, det amerikanska folket framställs som hjältar, både uniformsbeklädda och privatpersoner. Fienden är en anonym makt som publiken aldrig får chans att identifiera sig med och framställs som hjärtlös och kall genom musik, färger och bildberättande.

A class of migrant workers in China that have left their official rural residence in search of work and wealth in the more developed coastal cities have created a new process of urbanization. The ‘floating population’ numbering 150 million has created immense demand for low-cost housing. Village enterprises within the city region of expanding metropolises have self-organized to supply affordable housing. However, economic incentives and ownership constraints on rural land deter long-term considerations and favour rapid development. The building (and destruction) of a country cannot be recklessly left to coincidental solutions of profit opportunities in remnant policies. An understanding of the systemic political, economic and social properties that generate the built fabric of today and of traditional villages can allow us to manipulate the current process of development. The village of Zhangpeng in Dongguan city of the Pearl River Delta region is on the brink of explosive growth. Major infrastructural developments have been constructed and planned on its expropriated lands. Without proper guidance, the status quo process of urbanization will destroy the village overnight. The proposed alternative is to manipulate market-demand through village-led investment in its public space network in order to spur private development of village properties. The method is through strategic and incremental investment on village public space and property and monitoring the catalytic effect of these changes on private redevelopment. Adjustments in land development is made to steer the built fabric into a form between what the village wants it to become and what it has the propensity to be. The aim is to create a system of land development that will preserve, adapt and extend traditional village fabric and its way of life.

Since the 1936 publication of Gone with the Wind and the 1939 release of David O. Selznick’s film version of the book, the city of Atlanta has been associated in the public mind with Margaret Mitchell’s tale of the Old South, the Civil War and Reconstruction. The work of Mitchell and Selznick created images that shaped the public’s understanding of southern history and of Atlanta’s identity. This dissertation examines a series of attempts to capitalize on the fame and popularity of Gone with the Wind in museums in the Atlanta area. Focusing on the interpretive efforts of three entities—the Atlanta History Center, Clayton County, and the Margaret Mitchell House, Inc.—this study reveals the problematic nature of Mitchell’s and Selznick’s work and the impact that the book and film have had on shaping Atlanta’s identity and the public memory of the South.

¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@Abstract ¡@¡@In 1997 when Hong kong was returned to mainland China, one state - two systems was promoted. Politics was governed by basic laws. But on economic aspect, it was not until the promotion of CEPA that the economic development was apparently led by the Government, which is completely different from Hong Kong's free marketing trade. Such is the focus of all. The treaty signed between China and Hong kong came into effect in January, 2004. The content mainly includes in three areas -tax -relief on trade products, the import of service trade and investment coporation. CEPA has been carried out for the passed two years, and Hong kong's economic has since climbing upward along side with the tide of the world. To the Taiwanese bussinessmen this has become an increased investment competition stress for them in mainland China. And in turn it might affect Taiwan's economic status. So the influence is profound. ¡@¡@This article first tries to understand the related theories of regional economic integration. Focusing on the present stage after China and Hong Kong signed the treaty CEPA, to observed the operation of the allotment of political strategy between the Central government, localities and Hong Kong. To further understand through refering to all the problems and observation analysis done by experts. To practically understanding the practice of political strategy allotment and the interaction between various regions. With an attempt of analysing the value of political strategies which could in turn benefit analysis study on the adjustment of various trade strtegies. Analysing each and every factor that might cause the future economic development of Hong Kong and Taiwan which includes Govrnments setting of political strategies, international factor and China factor. Try to totally comprehend the role plays by Hong Kong and its interaction with other regional and international economic and trade On the other hand , it is to merge this article's diverse analysis on the impact of CEPA against Taiwan. And to suggest countermeasures in regards to the development of such situation. So as to enhance our competitiveness and to avoid the risk of being cornered. ¡@¡@This context intents to grant the basic introduction of regional economic integration to those who are concerned with China - Hong Kong's CEPA. It also serives as a reference to broaden the sight of business administraters. Last but not least, your comments are most appreciated. Key words¡GCEPA ¡BTheory of integration,regional economic integration,Pan Pearl River Delta¡]PPRD¡^

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / "MBA professional report"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Kevin Gue, Kenneth Doerr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27). Also available online.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, regional development has become one of the most vital economic issues in China. Both central and local governments in the nation have implemented policies to reduce regional economic disparities and promote regional integration. On the one hand, the central government has exercised policy and political control to promote regional development. On the other hand, local governments have sought opportunities to foster local economic prosperity by forming more competitive economic blocks with neighboring jurisdictions. In particular, growth poles like the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) have been very active in promoting regional integration and cooperation as they need the support of other hinterlands for further development. Literature review indicates that regional cooperation in China is subjected to the influence of both economic and political factors. Although it seems that there is interaction between such economic and political factors. However, there is a general lack of a comprehensive framework to examine regional cooperation in China from a political and economic dynamic perspective. In order to fill the gap, two game theory models are developed to analyze economic and political incentives for government officials in the context of regional cooperation. The first model attempts to determine the important economic factors that may affect the feasibility of a cooperative project, assuming local government officials are maximizing the absolute economic performance of their jurisdictions. The second model focuses on understanding how the political relationship between provincial leaders may affect regional cooperation between them, assuming local government officials are maximizing the relative economic performance of their jurisdictions. A game theory framework to examine the economic political dynamics of regional in China is developed based on these two models. The game theory analysis reveals that incentives for provincial government leaders to implement cooperation are decided by the consideration of their political career, which is driven by three major forces: central-local government relationship, inter-local government relationship and the potential economic benefit from regional cooperation. Pan-Pearl River Delta (Pan-PRD) Cooperation, a typical inter-provincial cooperative project established in the 21st century, is used as a case study to theory framework. The empirical study indicates that the emergence of Pan-PRD Cooperation benefited from three perspectives: (1) policy support from the central government, (2) uneven political relationship between provincial leaders in Guangdong and other eight provinces, and (3) strengthened economic interaction between Guangdong and other eight provinces. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Hong Kong has long been regarded as a global city and the regional service provider in the Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD) region, with the provision of an opened and accountable economic and legal system, support of high-quality infrastructure and policies, and being the gateway to enter the Chinese market. This can be reflected by its consistently high score in different global competitiveness ranking index. A lot of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are attracted by this reputable global city development of the city, establishing their headquarters and other tertiary services in Hong Kong. Other cities in the GPRD region tend to specialize in factory production with their comparative advantage in lower production cost in terms of labour, looser regulations and industrial agglomeration. The functional division in the GPRD region is well defined spatially which can be explained by the traditional "Front office, back factory" model. However, this settings has been changing as many PRD cities like Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Zhuhai have transformed their city's vision towards a global city currently. These cities have initiated economic restructuring and industrial upgrading towards modern servicing industries, and gradually force out the original factories and production base to less developed PRD cities or other locations beyond the GPRD region. New incentives are offered by the central and municipal government in attracting TNCs to invest in high value-added producer services, establishing Research and Development (R&D) base and headquarters in these PRD cities under urban entrepreneurialism. The dominant role of Hong Kong as a global city and regional service provider is challenged under rapid inter-city competition with these cities. This results in a new spatial dynamics and functional specialization settings for the GPRD region that cannot be explained by the traditional model. This study will examine the existing and potential role of global city development in Hong Kong and other PRD cities with reference to the investment choices of TNCs in the GPRD region. Through a comparative analysis with Guangzhou, the major strengths, weaknesses, and other factors required for global city development of Hong Kong and PRD cities will be identified. In addition, the latest locational settings of different functions will be explored in the case study analysis of TNCs in modern servicing and financing industry, manufacturing industry, and information and high-tech industry. The analysis will assist in identifying potential development opportunities, weaknesses of Hong Kong and PRD cities in attracting further investments from TNCs. Recommendations will be offered at the end of the study to enhance the overall competitiveness of Hong Kong and the GPRD region, through "co-opetition" incentives, fostering the development of GPRD mega-city region under the network city concept, and formulating an updated version of "Front office, back factory" model. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Recently ranked Skytrax 5-Star Airport, Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is well known for its extensive airline networks and quality supporting services. This paper is to evaluate the performance of HKIA as a leading regional aviation hub when encountering the keen competition of four other major airports in Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD) region; all of which are within a radial distance of 100km of one another. An in-depth comparative analysis for the five GPRD airports is carried out with the application of the Aviation Hub Model and the Airport Competitiveness Index. Together with the review of the development of hub-and-spoke operation strategies, the worldwide air freedom liberalization as well as the national and regional policies, the study highlights the implications and significance drawn from the analysis upon the HKIA and four other GPRD airports. A series of feasible recommendations will be provided on the future development of their positioning and functions. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Archaeological and historical investigations of the Bruin Slave Jail in the West End of the City of Alexandria, Virginia, revealed a fascinating and complex history. From 1844 to 1861, the house belonged to Joseph Bruin, a slave trader, and housed the most successful and well-known slave trading operation in Alexandria. In 1848, Bruin purchased several slaves who were captured on board the schooner Pearl in one of the largest escapes ever attempted. Bruin and two of the Pearl refugees, Emily and Mary Edmondson, inspired some of the characters and events in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Stowe included the true story of the Pearl refugees, and the Edmondson sisters in particular, in her comprehensive survey of the domestic slave trade, The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin. This study of the material culture and other archaeological data, along with extensive historical records regarding Joseph Bruin’s slave trading business and the stories of several slaves purchased by Bruin after the Pearl incident, illuminates the ways in which the internal slave trade changed the nature of slavery, and the ways slavery was contested by slaves and by abolitionist groups. It also demonstrates the ways in which African Americans were commodified in the slave markets. Analysis of the complementary historical and archaeological data reveals the ways these forces impacted the lives of enslaved women enmeshed in the slave trade particularly, and the ways they negotiated and resisted their sale by the slave traders who made their living buying and selling human beings in an increasingly corporate, and contested, political and sexual economy. / text