Increasing environmental concerns as well as diminishing fossil fuel reserves call for a new generation of energy conversion technologies. Fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly to electrical energy, have been identified as one of the leading alternative energy conversion technologies. Fuel cells are more efficient than conventional heat engines with minimal pollutant emissions and superior scalability. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) which produce electricity from hydrogen have been widely investigated for transportation and stationary applications. The focus of this study is on the Direct Propane Fuel Cell (DPFC), which belongs to the PEMFC family, but consumes propane instead of hydrogen as feedstock. A drawback associated with DPFCs is that the propane reaction rate is much slower than that of hydrogen. Two ideas were suggested to overcome this issue: (i) operating at high temperatures (150-230oC), and (ii) keeping the propane partial pressure at the maximum possible value. An electrolyte material composed of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was suggested because it is an acceptable proton conductor at high temperatures. In order to keep the propane partial pressure at the maximum value, interdigitated flow-fields were chosen to distribute propane through the anode catalyst layer. In order to evaluate the performance of a DPFC which operates at high temperature and uses interdigitated flow-fields, a computational approach was chosen. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to create two 2-D mathematical models for DPFCs based on differential conservation equations. Two different approaches were investigated to model species transport in the electrolyte phase of the anode and cathode catalyst layers and the membrane layer. In the first approach, the migration phenomenon was assumed to be the only mechanism of proton transport. However, both migration and diffusion phenomena were considered as mechanisms of species transport in the second approach. Therefore, Ohm's law was used in the first approach and concentrated solution theory (Generalized Stefan-Maxwell equations) was used for the second one. Both models are isothermal. The models were solved numerically by implementing the partial differential equations and the boundary conditions in FreeFEM++ software which is based on Finite Element Methods. Programming in the C++ language was performed and the existing library of C++ classes and tools in FreeFEM++ were used. The final model contained 60 pages of original code, written specifically for this thesis. The models were used to predict the performance of a DPFC with different operating conditions and equipment design parameters. The results showed that using a specific combination of interdigitated flow-fields, ZrP-PTFE electrolyte having a proton conductivity of 0.05 S/cm, and operating at 230oC and 1 atm produced a performance (polarization curve) that was (a) far superior to anything in the DPFC published literature, and (b) competitive with the performance of direct methanol fuel cells. In addition, it was equivalent to that of hydrogen fuel cells at low current densities (30 mA/cm2).

No description available.

No description available.

Two diazonium perfluoroalkyl arylsulfonimide (PFSI) zwitterionic monomers, 4-diazonium perfluoro(3-oxapent-4-ene)benzenesulfonimide (I) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-diazonium perfluoro(3-oxapent-4-ene)benzenesulfonimide (II) have been synthesized from perfluoro(3-oxapent-4-ene) sulfonyl fluoride (POPF) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. PFSI polymers are proposed as new electrolytes due to their better thermal stability, inertness to electrochemical conditions, and lower susceptibility to oxidative degradation and dehydration. For a better integration between the electrode and the electrolyte, the PFSI polymers are expected to be grafted onto the carbon electrode via the diazonium moiety. All the reaction intermediates and the final product were characterized with 1H NMR, 19F NMR and IR spectroscopies.

Liquid water formation and flooding in PEM fuel cell gas distribution channels can significantly degrade fuel cell performance by causing substantial pressure drop in the channels and by inhibiting the transport of reactants to the reaction sites at the catalyst layer. A better understanding of the mechanisms of discrete water droplet transport by air flow in such small channels may be developed through the application of quantitative flow visualization techniques. This improved knowledge could contribute to improved gas channel design and higher fuel cell efficiencies. An experimental investigation was undertaken to gain better understanding of the relationships between air velocity in the channel, secondary rotational flows inside a droplet, droplet deformation, and threshold shear, drag, and pressure forces required for droplet removal. Micro-digital-particle-image-velocimetry (micro-DPIV) techniques were used to provide quantitative visualizations of the flow inside the liquid phase for the case of air flow around a droplet adhered to the wall of a 1 mm x 3 mm rectangular gas channel model. The sidewall against which the droplet was adhered was composed of PTFE treated carbon paper to simulate the porous GDL surface of a fuel cell gas channel. Visualization of droplet shape, internal flow patterns and Velocity measurements at the central cross-sectional plane of symmetry in the droplet were obtained for different air flow rates. A variety of rotational secondary flow patterns within the droplet were observed. The nature of these flows depended primarily on the air flow rate. The peak velocities of these secondary flow fields were observed to be around two orders of magnitude below the calculated channel-averaged driving air velocities. The resulting flow fields show in particular that the velocity at the air-droplet interface is finite. The experimental data collected from this study may be used for validation of numerical simulations of such droplet flows. Further study of such flow scenarios using the techniques developed in this experiment, including the general optical distortion correction algorithm developed as part of this work, may provide insight into an improved force balance model for a droplet exposed to an air flow in a gas channel.

Liquid water formation and flooding in PEM fuel cell gas distribution channels can significantly degrade fuel cell performance by causing substantial pressure drop in the channels and by inhibiting the transport of reactants to the reaction sites at the catalyst layer. A better understanding of the mechanisms of discrete water droplet transport by air flow in such small channels may be developed through the application of quantitative flow visualization techniques. This improved knowledge could contribute to improved gas channel design and higher fuel cell efficiencies. An experimental investigation was undertaken to gain better understanding of the relationships between air velocity in the channel, secondary rotational flows inside a droplet, droplet deformation, and threshold shear, drag, and pressure forces required for droplet removal. Micro-digital-particle-image-velocimetry (micro-DPIV) techniques were used to provide quantitative visualizations of the flow inside the liquid phase for the case of air flow around a droplet adhered to the wall of a 1 mm x 3 mm rectangular gas channel model. The sidewall against which the droplet was adhered was composed of PTFE treated carbon paper to simulate the porous GDL surface of a fuel cell gas channel. Visualization of droplet shape, internal flow patterns and Velocity measurements at the central cross-sectional plane of symmetry in the droplet were obtained for different air flow rates. A variety of rotational secondary flow patterns within the droplet were observed. The nature of these flows depended primarily on the air flow rate. The peak velocities of these secondary flow fields were observed to be around two orders of magnitude below the calculated channel-averaged driving air velocities. The resulting flow fields show in particular that the velocity at the air-droplet interface is finite. The experimental data collected from this study may be used for validation of numerical simulations of such droplet flows. Further study of such flow scenarios using the techniques developed in this experiment, including the general optical distortion correction algorithm developed as part of this work, may provide insight into an improved force balance model for a droplet exposed to an air flow in a gas channel.

Οι κυψέλες καυσίμου είναι ηλεκτροχημικές διατάξεις οι οποίες επιτρέπουν την απευθείας μετατροπή της ελεύθερης χημικής ενέργειας ενός καυσίμου σε ηλεκτρική. Η λειτουργία τους βασίζεται σε μία αντίδραση οξείδωσης ενός καυσίμου, η οποία λαμβάνει χώρα στην άνοδο, και σε μία αντίδραση αναγωγής ενός οξειδωτικού μέσου, η οποία λαμβάνει χώρα στην κάθοδο. Οι κυψέλες καυσίμου πολυμερικής μεμβράνης (ΡΕΜ) χρησιμοποιούν ηλεκτρολύτη αγωγιμότητας Η+, το θερμοκρασιακό εύρος λειτουργίας τους είναι 30-100oC και αποτελούν μία υποσχόμενη τεχνολογία, που βρίσκεται πολύ κοντά στο στάδιο της εμπορευματοποίησης. Το κυριότερο καύσιμο που χρησιμοποιείται στις κυψέλες καυσίμου είναι το Η2, το οποίο παράγεται συνήθως από διεργασίες αναμόρφωσης υδρογονανθράκων ή αλκοολών. Το μονοξείδιο του άνθρακα που παράγεται επίσης κατά την διαδικασία της αναμόρφωσης, αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό άλυτο πρόβλημα στις κυψέλες καυσίμου τύπου ΡΕΜ, καθώς η ρόφησή του στην άνοδο της κυψέλης, παρεμποδίζει τη ρόφηση του Η2. Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετάται η ηλεκτρόλυση του νερού με χρήση μεμβρανών πρωτονιακής αγωγιμότητας καθώς και η μελέτη της βελτίωσης της απόδοσης κελιών καυσίμου τύπου ΡΕΜ μέσω τριοδικής λειτουργίας υπό συνθήκες δηλητηριασμού με CO. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας γίνεται μια εισαγωγή στην τεχνολογία των κυψελών καυσίμου, την αρχή λειτουργίας τους και τις θερμοδυναμικές αρχές που την διέπουν. Στην συνέχεια περιγράφονται εκτενώς τα χαρακτηριστικά των κυψελών καυσίμου πολυμερικής μεμβράνης, τα state-of-the-art υλικά που χρησιμοποιούνται και το πρόβλημα της διαχείρισης του νερού. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αποτελεί επίσης εισαγωγικό κεφάλαιο και αναφέρεται στη σημασία του υδρογόνου. Το υδρογόνο δεν αποτελεί μόνο ένα καύσιμο, είναι ένα καύσιμο το οποίο δύναται να αλλάξει άμεσα την σημερινή δομή της οικονομίας που βασίζεται στα ορυκτά καύσιμα (fossil fuels). Στο κεφάλαιο αυτό, αρχικά γίνεται μια ιστορική αναδρομή και στη συνέχεια αναλύονται οι μέθοδοι παραγωγής του και ο ρόλος του ως καύσιμο. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο αφορά την ηλεκτρόλυση του νερού η οποία γίνεται με χρήση διατάξεων που χρησιμοποιούν ως ηλεκτρολύτη μια πολυμερική μεμβράνη πρωτονιακής αγωγιμότητας. Αρχικά, γίνεται μια θεωρητική εισαγωγή στη διαδικασία ηλεκτρόλυσης του νερού και στη συνέχεια μια αναφορά στις διατάξεις οι οποίες χρησιμοποιούνται για ηλεκτρόλυση. Ακολουθεί το πειραματικό μέρος, όπου περιγράφονται η παρασκευή της συστοιχίας ανόδου/ηλεκτρολύτη/καθόδου (ΜΕΑ), της πειραματικής διάταξης, της προετοιμασίας των καταλυτών καθώς και η παρουσίαση των πειραματικών αποτελεσμάτων. Κατά την ηλεκτρόλυση του νερού σε κελί καυσίμου τύπου PEM, παρατηρήθηκε 100% εκλεκτικότητα σε οξυγόνο, χρησιμοποιώντας ηλεκτρόδια IrO2 εναποτεθημένα με τη μέθοδο του sputtering σε υπόστρωμα Ti/C. Βρέθηκε ότι το ποσοστό του Nafion επηρεάζει τόσο το ρυθμό παραγωγής οξυγόνου όσο και την εκλεκτικότητα και προστατεύει τις θέσεις C-IrO2 για παραγωγή CO2 και οδηγεί σε 100% εκλεκτικότητα προς οξυγόνο. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο μελετάται η τριοδική λειτουργία των κυψελών καυσίμου υπό συνθήκες δηλητηριασμού της ανόδου με CO. Ένα από τα σημαντικότερα προβλήματα της χρήσης των κελιών καυσίμου είναι ο δηλητηριασμός του ανοδικού ηλεκτροδίου πλατίνας από CO. Αυτό συμβαίνει διότι κατά την αναμόρφωση των ασθενών υδρογονανθράκων ή υγρών αλκοολών σε υδρογόνο, ταυτόχρονα παράγονται σημαντικά επίπεδα μονοξειδίου του άνθρακα τα οποία δηλητηριάζουν την άνοδο και οδηγούν σε υποβάθμιση της απόδοσης του κελιού. Ο σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής είναι να ερευνηθεί μια εναλλακτική προσέγγιση για την ενίσχυση της απόδοσης των PEMFCs υπό συνθήκες δηλητηριασμού με CO, χρησιμοποιώντας την πρόσφατη περιγραφή του σχεδιασμού και της λειτουργίας των τριοδικών κελιών καυσίμου. Αρχικά στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο, γίνεται περιγραφή της αρχής λειτουργίας της τριοδικής διάταξης, της προετοιμασίας των ηλεκτροδίων καθώς και της παρασκευής της ΜΕΑ. Επίσης περιγράφεται η ακριβής γεωμετρία της διάταξης του τριοδικού PEMFC με τα ηλεκτρικά κυκλώματα και η ακριβής γεωμετρία της συστοιχίας των τριοδικών PEMFCs. Στη συνέχεια περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η πειραματική διαδικασία που ακολουθήθηκε για τη λήψη των πειραματικών δεδομένων και ακολουθούν τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα. Πρώτα παρουσιάζονται τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα για τη συμβατική λειτουργία με τροφοδοσία Η2. Ακολουθούν τα αποτελέσματα για τη συμβατική λειτουργία του κελιού υπό δηλητηριασμό με CO και τέλος, παρουσιάζονται τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα της τριοδικής λειτουργίας. Αναφέρεται επίσης αναλυτικά η εξέταση του μηχανισμού της τριοδικής λειτουργίας και το πώς θα μπορούσε να υπάρξει πρακτική εφαρμογή συστοιχιών, οι οποίες θα αποτελούνται από μια τριοδική κυψέλη. Η τριοδική λειτουργία των κελιών καυσίμου τύπου PEM υπό συνθήκες δηλητηριασμού της ανόδου με CO, οδηγεί σε σημαντική αύξηση της ισχύος του κελιού και συγκεκριμένα η τιμή της είναι τρείς φορές μεγαλύτερη από εκείνη που παράγεται κατά τη συμβατική λειτουργία της κυψέλης καυσίμου. Η αύξηση της παραγόμενης ισχύος, είναι μεγαλύτερη κατά ένα παράγοντα της τάξης του 1.32 από την ισχύ που καταναλώνεται στο βοηθητικό κύκλωμα, και οφείλεται σε σημαντική μείωση της ανοδικής υπέρτασης, η οποία με τη σειρά της είναι αποτέλεσμα του εφοδιασμού της ανόδου με πρωτόνια μέσω του βοηθητικού κυκλώματος. Αυτός ο εφοδιασμός με πρωτόνια, αυξάνει το ηλεκτροχημικό δυναμικό των πρωτονίων και το χημικό δυναμικό του υδρογόνου στην άνοδο, με αποτέλεσμα να μειώνεται η κάλυψη της ανόδου με CO και έτσι να ενισχύεται ο ρυθμός της ηλεκτροχημικής του οξείδωσης. Τέλος, στο κεφάλαιο 5 παρουσιάζονται τα τελικά συμπεράσματα που έχουν προκύψει από την παρούσα μελέτη, καθώς και προτάσεις για μελλοντική εργασία. / Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that can convert the chemical energy of a reaction directly into electrical energy. Their operation is based on the oxidation of a fuel, taking part at the anode, and the reduction of an oxidant, taking part at the cathode. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells use as the electrolyte a polymer membrane with H+ conductivity. PEMs work at a temperature range 30-100oC and this technology is promising and close to commercialization. The most common fuel used is hydrogen. However, H2 is not directly available, and has to be extracted from other sources, usually via hydrocarbon or alcohol reforming. During this procedure carbon monoxide is formed as well. When a reformate mixture is fed to the anode of a PEM, CO adsorbs strongly on the anode, leaving few remaining sites for the adsorption of H2, and thus causing severe degradation in PEMs performance. The aim of this thesis was to study τhe role of Nafion content in sputtered IrO2 based anodes for low temperature PEM water electrolysis and also it was examined the enhanced performance of CO poisoned proton exchange membrane fuel cells via triode operation. The first chapter refers to the technology of fuel cells, their operating principles and the thermodynamic aspects. It is focused on the PEM fuel cells, the state-of-the-art materials used and the problem of water management. The second chapter gives an introduction about hydrogen which is a very prominent fuel and can straightly change the economy that is based on fossil fuels. Firstly, in this chapter is presenting, a throwback of hydrogen and a short presentation of methods of hydrogen production. Chapter 3 refers to PEM water electrolysis. It is presenting a theoretical introduction about electrolysis process and a description of the sets up that are used for electrolysis. The procedure for preparing a membrane electrode assembly and the experimental setup are also described. Stable water electrolysis was achieved in a PEM, with 100% selectivity to oxygen, using IrO2 electrodes sputter-deposited on a Ti/C support interfaced with the Nafion electrolyte. It was found that the amount of Nafion content on the electrode can affect both the rate of the oxygen evolution and the oxygen selectivity. It also appears that Nafion ionomer addition protects the C-IrO2 active sites for carbon oxidation leading to 100% selectivity to oxygen. In chapter 4 is studied the effect of triode operation on the performance of CO poisoned PEM fuel cells One of the main problems associated with the practical utilization of PEMFC units is that of CO poisoning of the Pt-based anode. This is because hydrogen-rich reformates of light hydrocarbons or liquid alcohols inevitably contain significant levels of carbon monoxide that poisons the anode and degrades fuel cell performance. The objective of this work is to investigate an alternative approach for enhancing the PEMFC performance under CO poisoning conditions by using the recently described triode fuel cell design and operation. Firstly, in chapter 4 it is described, the operating principle of the triode set up, the preparation of the electrodes and the MEA preparation. Also it is described the exact geometry of the triode set up and the schematic of a possible design of a triode PEMFC stack. It is delineated the procedure that was followed in order to obtain all the experimental data. First are presented the experimental results obtained in the conventional fuel cell operation mode without and with CO added to the anode feed gas and then proceed with the detailed presentation of the triode operation results. Ιt is also mentioned the investigation of the triode operation mechanism and the design of a triode PEMFC stuck. Triode operation of CO poisoned PEM fuel cells leads to very significant, threefold, increase in power output of the fuel cell circuit. This increase in power output is up to a factor of 1.32 larger than the power sacrificed in the auxiliary circuit and is mainly due to a significant decrease in anodic overpotential caused by the supply of protons to the anode via the auxiliary electrode. This proton supply increases the electrochemical potential of protons and chemical potential of hydrogen at the anode, thus decreasing the coverage of CO and enhancing its electrooxidation rate. Finally, the general conclusions of this study and proposals for future studies are given in chapter 5.

In response to growing concerns regarding global warming and climate change, reduction of CO2 emissions becomes a priority for many countries, especially the developed ones such as the UK. Residential applications are considered among the most important areas for substantial reduction of CO2 emissions because they represent a major part of the total consumed energy in those countries. For instance, in the UK, residential applications are currently accountable for about 150 Mt CO2 emissions, which represents approximately 25% of the whole CO2 emissions [1-2]. In order to achieve a significant CO2 reduction, many strategies must be adopted in the policy of these countries. One of these strategies is to introduce micro combined heat and power (μCHP) systems into residential energy systems, since they offer several advantages over traditional systems. A significant amount of research has been carried out in this field; however, in terms of integrating such systems into residential energy systems, significant work is yet to be conducted. This is because of the complexity of these systems and their interdependency on many uncertain variables, energy demand of a house is a case in point. In order to achieve such integration, this research focuses on the optimisation and operation of μCHP systems in residential energy systems as essential steps towards integration of these systems, so it deals with the optimisation and operation of a μCHP system within a building taking into account that the system is grid-connected in order to export or import electricity in certain cases. A comprehensive review that summarises key points that outline the trend of previous research in this field has been carried out. The reviewed areas include: technologies used as residential μCHP units, modelling of the μCHP systems, sizing of μCHP systems and operation strategies used for such systems. To further this, a generic model for sizing of μCHP system’s components to meet different residential application has been developed by the author. Two different online operation strategies of residential μCHP systems, namely: an online linear programming optimiser (LPO) and a real time fuzzy logic operation strategy (FLOS) have been developed. The performance of the novel online operation strategies, in terms of their ability to reduce operation costs, has been evaluated. Both the LPO and the FLOS were found to have their advantages when compared with the traditional operation strategies of μCHP systems in terms of operation costs and CO2 emissions. This research should therefore be useful in informing design and operation decisions during developing and implementing μCHP technologies in residential applications, especially single dwellings.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is extensively used in a broad range of industrial and medical applications, such as aseptic processing of food and pharmaceuticals, disinfection, water treatment plants, and decontamination of industrial effluents. H2O2 is believed to be responsible for chemical degradation of polymer membranes in Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Therefore, a versatile H2O2 sensor that functions in different environments with different conditions is of practical importance in various fields. This dissertation presents the fabrication of a fiber-optic H2O2 sensing probe (optrode) and its H2O2 sensing behavior in different conditions. An H2O2 optrode is fabricated using chemical deposition of Prussian blue (PB) onto the tip of a multimode optical fiber. Sensing tests are performed in aqueous solutions at a constant pH and different concentrations of H2O2. Sensing features of the optrode (i.e. repeatability, durability, and reproducibility) are assessed by performing multiple sensing tests with several optrodes. The results show the prepared optrode is able to detect concentrations of H2O2 in aqueous solutions at a constant pH of 4 and the optrode features a repeatable and durable response at this condition. The functionality of optrodes at different pH values is further investigated by performing additional sensing experiments. These experiments are carried out in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of H2O2 at different pH values (i.e. pH 2-7). The sensor detects the presence of H2O2 at a range of pH values. Sensing behavior of optrodes toward detection and measurement of H2O2 concentrations is studied at the pH value corresponding to an operating PEM fuel cell (i.e. pH 2). The optrode is able to detect concentrations of H2O2 at this condition with a repeatable and durable response. The stability of PB films, prepared through different conditions, is investigated to address the stability of optrodes at elevated temperatures. PB films are first deposited onto the glass slides through three different chemical processes, and then at different synthesis temperatures. The PB films are left in Phosphate-Buffer-Solutions (PBS) with pH 2 and at elevated temperatures for a day. Finally, PB films are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze their stability following PBS processing at operating temperatures and pH value corresponding to an operating PEM fuel cell (i.e. 80 °C and pH 2). The results of these experiments illustrate the PB films prepared through the single-source precursor (SSP) technique and at synthesis temperatures above 60 °C remain stable after the PBS processing. The proposed optrode shows reliable sensing behavior toward detection and measurement of H2O2 concentrations in aqueous solutions at different conditions. The prepared optrode has the potential for being developed and used in different industrial and medical fields, as well as an operating PEM fuel cell, to detect and measure H2O2 concentrations. / Graduate / 0794 / 0548 / 0485 / hakbarik@uvic.ca

Lack of energy storage is a key issue in the development of renewable energy sources. Most renewables, especially solar and wind, when used alone, cannot sustain a reliably constant power output over an extended period of time. These sources generally generate variable amounts of power intermittently, therefore, an efficient electrical energy storage (EES) method is required to better temporally balance power generation to power consumption. One of the more promising methods of electrical energy storage is the unitized regenerative fuel cell (UFRC.) UFRCs are fuel cells that can operate in a charge-discharge cycle, similar to a battery, to store and then to subsequently release power. Power is stored by means of electrolysis while the products of this electrolysis reaction can be recombined as in a normal fuel cell to release the stored power. A major advantage of UFRCs over batteries is that storage capacity can be decoupled from cell power, thus reducing the potential cost and weight of the cell unit. Here we investigate UFRCs based on hydrogen-halogen systems, specifically hydrogen-bromine, which has potential for improved electrode reaction kinetics and hence cheaper catalysts and higher efficiency and energy density. A mathematical model has been developed to analyze this system and determine cell behavior and cycle efficiency under various conditions. The conventional H2-Br2 URFCs, however also so far have utilized Pt catalysts and Nafion membranes. Consequently, a goal of this work was to explore alternate schemes and materials for the H2-Br2 URFC. Thus, three generations of test cells have been created. The first two cells were designed to use a molten bromide salt, ionic liquid or anion exchange membrane as the ion exchange electrolyte with the liquids supported on a porous membrane. This type of system provides the potential to reduce the amount of precious metal catalyst required, or possibly eliminate it altogether. Each cell showed improvement over the previous generation, although the results are preliminary. The final set of results are promising for anion exchange membranes on a cost basis compared Nafion. Another promising energy storage solution involves liquid methanol as an intermediate or as a hydrogen carrier. An alternative to storing high-pressure hydrogen is to produce it on-board/on-site on demand via a methanol electrocatalytic reformer (eCRef), a PEM electrolyzer in which methanol-water coelectrolysis takes place. Methanol handling, storage, and transportation is much easier than that for hydrogen. The hydrogen produced via methanol eCref may then be used in any number of applications, including for energy storage and generation in a standard H2-O2 PEM fuel cell. The mathematical modeling and analysis for an eCref is very similar to that of the HBr URFC. In this work, a comprehensive model for the coelectrolysis of methanol and water into hydrogen is created and compared with experimental data. The performance of the methanol electrolyzer coupled with a H2-O2 fuel cell is then compared for efficiency to that of a direct methanol fuel cell data and was found to be superior. The results suggest that an efficient and small paired eCRef-fuel cell system is potentially be a cheaper and more viable alternative to the standard direct methanol fuel cell. Both the H2-Br2 URFC and the methanol eCref in combination with a H2-O2 fuel cell have significant potential to provide higher energy efficiency and energy density for EES purposes.