This thesis comprehensively analyses photovoltaic power plants on facades both from economic and technical point of view. It also devotes to a broader view upon a photovoltaic power plants regarding their placement, its accessories and legislative. The thesis describes a calculation of energetic gains in details including evaluation of five solar radiation sources in order to assess energetic effectivity of the photovoltaic equipment. Furthermore, the thesis describes a means of determination of photovoltaic revenues which is closely related to its ability to sustain the energetic demand of the building. These calculations are presented in the conclusion of thesis where they are applied to four selected buildings. The thesis also contains a processed graph due to which it is possible to specify optimal size of photovoltaic facade. The size is depending on selected facade cardinal point orientation and also on floor area of the building, which serves to estimate future electricity consumption.

The master‘s thesis deals with the issue of weak points of the distribution network in a municipality with high numbers of photovoltaic sources. Photovoltaic power plants are gradually being added to the current state of the electric power distribution network of a specific municipality, while changes in the network are being monitored. Due to the output of the highest possible power from the sources into the distribution system in compliance with the established rules, the thesis also describes network modifications. These established rules of connection and operation of resources in the distribution network and effects of injecting disturbances in the low voltage network are discussed in the theoretical part of the thesis.

This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of connecting new sources to the distribution system and their subsequent operation in the network. The theoretical part describes the conditions of connection and operation of resources in the network according to the established rules. In the practical part, a number of photovoltaic sources and battery vehicles are implemented into the current system according to selected scenarios. Subsequently, the daily course of power flow and voltage conditions in the network is calculated.

This master's thesis deals with a design of backup power system, which will be using renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy. The first part describes the potential of solar power plant in the Czech Republic. The next parts describe types of photovoltaic systems, their components, design of photovoltaic systems and possibilities of controlling power consumption. Due to the fluctuating supply from renewable energy sources the thesis also deals with possibilities of predicting of the production electricity from these sources. In the practical part the design of backup power system for the house is done, which will also be working in summer as an optimizer for own consumption. A financial evaluation was done for this proposal.

The Master’s thesis is a proposal of the business project for build-up a solar photovoltaic power plant. The first part of the thesis includes definitions of terms adherent to entrepreneurship, legal form of business, definitions and becomingness of business project, analytical processes and principals of operation of solar power plant. In next part, thesis deals with conditions of given business sector and possibilities of financing and current status of business sector. After that follows proposal of business solution with company legal form selection, SWOT analyses and actual proposal of business project. There is evaluation of proposed solutions in a final part of the thesis.

The master thesis is a proposal of the business plan for building-up solar photovoltaic power plant. The first part includes presentation of businessman and industry analyses. Theoretical basis are offered in the second part of this thesis. The next part analyzes conditions of business sector, legislative conditions and then current situation of the company is evaluated by financial indicators. After that proposal of investment in photovoltaic power plant, economical parts follow. At the end of the thesis an evaluation of the proposed solution is presented.

Les difficultés de mise en œuvre d'expériences de terrain ou de laboratoire, ainsi que les coûts associés, conduisent les sociétés industrielles à se tourner vers des codes numériques de calcul. Ces codes, censés être représentatifs des phénomènes physiques en jeu, entraînent néanmoins tout un cortège de problèmes. Le premier de ces problèmes provient de la volonté de prédire la réalité à partir d'un modèle informatique. En effet, le code doit être représentatif du phénomène et, par conséquent, être capable de simuler des données proches de la réalité. Or, malgré le constant développement du réalisme de ces codes, des erreurs de prédiction subsistent. Elles sont de deux natures différentes. La première provient de la différence entre le phénomène physique et les valeurs relevées expérimentalement. La deuxième concerne l'écart entre le code développé et le phénomène physique. Pour diminuer cet écart, souvent qualifié de biais ou d'erreur de modèle, les développeurs complexifient en général les codes, les rendant très chronophages dans certains cas. De plus, le code dépend de paramètres à fixer par l'utilisateur qui doivent être choisis pour correspondre au mieux aux données de terrain. L'estimation de ces paramètres propres au code s'appelle le calage. Cette thèse propose dans un premier temps une revue des méthodes statistiques nécessaires à la compréhension du calage Bayésien. Ensuite, une revue des principales méthodes de calage est présentée accompagnée d'un exemple comparatif basé sur un code de calcul servant à prédire la puissance d'une centrale photovoltaïque. Le package appelé CaliCo qui permet de réaliser un calage rapide de beaucoup de codes numériques est alors présenté. Enfin, un cas d'étude réel d'une grande centrale photovoltaïque sera introduit et le calage réalisé pour effectuer un suivi de performance de la centrale. Ce cas de code industriel particulier introduit des spécificités de calage numériques qui seront abordées et deux modèles statistiques y seront exposés. / Field experiments are often difficult and expensive to make. To bypass these issues, industrial companies have developed computational codes. These codes intend to be representative of the physical system, but come with a certain amount of problems. The code intends to be as close as possible to the physical system. It turns out that, despite continuous code development, the difference between the code outputs and experiments can remain significant. Two kinds of uncertainties are observed. The first one comes from the difference between the physical phenomenon and the values recorded experimentally. The second concerns the gap between the code and the physical system. To reduce this difference, often named model bias, discrepancy, or model error, computer codes are generally complexified in order to make them more realistic. These improvements lead to time consuming codes. Moreover, a code often depends on parameters to be set by the user to make the code as close as possible to field data. This estimation task is called calibration. This thesis first proposes a review of the statistical methods necessary to understand Bayesian calibration. Then, a review of the main calibration methods is presented with a comparative example based on a numerical code used to predict the power of a photovoltaic plant. The package called CaliCo which allows to quickly perform a Bayesian calibration on a lot of numerical codes is then presented. Finally, a real case study of a large photovoltaic power plant will be introduced and the calibration carried out as part of a performance monitoring framework. This particular case of industrial code introduces numerical calibration specificities that will be discussed with two statistical models.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de medições e simulações de fluxo harmônico na Usina Solar Fotovoltaica do Estádio Mineirão em Belo Horizonte/MG. O objetivo foi verificar o comportamento dos inversores solares fotovoltaicos na geração de harmônicos e a atenuação ocorrida pela agregação de múltiplos inversores. Para isso, foram realizadas medições em seis pontos estratégicos da usina investigada, por meio de analisadores de qualidade de energia, o que possibilitou a verificação do comportamento da usina em horários distintos e condições climáticas diversas. Foi avaliada a injeção de harmônicos no sistema elétrico pelos inversores e comparados os valores com os limites previstos em normas, procedimentos e recomendações vigentes. Além disso, o modelo completo da usina foi desenvolvido e simulado utilizando os softwares OpenDSS, ANAH e PowerFactory para análise harmônica e sua validação com os dados de medição. Os resultados obtidos indicam boa conformidade das medições e adequações dos modelos desenvolvidos. / This work presents a study of harmonic measurements and flow simulations in Photovoltaic Solar Plant of the Mineirao Stadium in Belo Horizonte/MG. The objective was to verify the behavior of photovoltaic solar inverters in the generation of harmonics and the attenuation occurred by the aggregation of multiple inverters. For this, measurements were performed on six strategic points of the investigated plant through power quality analyzers, allowing the verification of the plant's behavior at different times and different climates. It was evaluated the injection of harmonics in the electrical system for inverters and compared the values with the limits laid down in standards, procedures and current recommendations. In addition, the complete model of the plant was developed and simulated using the OpenDSS, ANAH and PowerFactory softwares to harmonic analysis and its validation with the data measurement data. The results indicate good agreement between measurement and developed models.

L’objet de cette thèse est l’intégration des parcs photovoltaïques intelligents au marché de l’électricité dans un environnement de libre concurrence. Les centrales photovoltaïques intelligentes sont celles qu’incluent systèmes de stockage pour réduire sa variabilité et en plus fournir à l’ensemble une plus grande contrôlabilité. Ces objectives techniques sont obtenues grâce à la capacité bidirectionnelle d’échange et stockage d’énergie qu’apportent les systèmes de stockage, dans ce cas, les batteries. Pour obtenir la rentabilité maximale des systèmes de stockage, le dimensionnement doit être optimisé en même temps que la stratégie de gestion avec laquelle le système de stockage est commandé. Dans cette thèse, une fois la technologie de stockage plus adapté à l’application photovoltaïque est sélectionnée, à savoir la technologie de lithium-ion, une participation innovatrice de part des parcs photovoltaïques intelligents dans le marché de l’électricité est proposée qui optimise à la fois le dimensionnement et la stratégie de gestion d’une manière simultanée. Ce processus d'optimisation ainsi que la participation au marché de l'électricité a été appliquée dans un cas d’étude réel, ce qui confirme que cette procédure permet de maximiser la rentabilité économique de ce type de production. / The present PhD deals with the integration of intelligent photovoltaic (IPV) power plants in the electricity markets in an environment subject to free competition. The IPV power plants are those that include energy storage systems to reduce the variability and to provide the entire group a controllability increase. These technical objectives are obtained thanks to the bidirectional exchanging and storing capability that the storage system contributes to, in this case, battery energy storage system (BESS). In order to obtain the maximum profitability of the BESS, the sizing must be optimized together with the control strategy that the BESS will be operated with. In the present PhD, once the most performing battery energy storage technology has been selected, the lithium-ion technology, an innovative IPV power plant electricity market participation process is proposed which optimizes both the sizing and the energy management strategy in the same optimization step. This optimization process together with the electricity market participation has been applied in a real case study, confirming that this procedure permits to maximize the economic profitability of this type of generation.

The diploma thesis focuses on the issue of fires of small photovoltaic power plants located on the roofs of buildings. When a photovoltaic power plant is being fired, the photovoltaic system is a very dangerous part of the power generation technology. In this part of the power plant, it is very problematic that the switching off of the electric dc current and the fire-fighters can cause electric shock. In the research part there is description and photodocumentation of the visited photovoltaic power plants, where the tour was carried out with an emphasis on the possible fire of the object. An important part of this chapter is the case studies of PPS fires and electric shocks. In addition, an overview of several fire interventions already carried out on the photovoltaic power plant located on the roof of the building. Finally, the author identified weaknesses for effective and safe intervention and processed the firefighting documentation for the PPSs visited. The discussion contains an indication of the identified shortcomings in the methodological sheets of the Combat Order of Fire Protection Units. The author outlines the possible risks for intervening firefighters at the PPSs visited and compares the elimination of these risks in the processing of firefighting documentation. Also mentions photovoltaic power plants in floodplains and points to potential hazards when flooding the PPS. Finally, a proposal is made to modify the Combat Order of Fire Protection Units and measures to ensure greater security of firefighters during fires of photovoltaic power plants.