Dans une vision de développement durable et d'indépendance énergétique visant l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables à moyen terme dans le mix énergétique, les travaux menés au cours de cette thèse se sont axés sur deux thématiques :- d'une part, la comparaison de la production de trois technologies différentes de panneaux solaires (silicium, silicium avec concentration, CdTe) en fonctionnement réel dans une centrale photovoltaïque au sol dotée du suivi deux axes de la course du soleil ;- d'autre part et étant donné la nature intermittente de l'énergie photovoltaïque et son non-synchronisme avec la consommation, le développement et l'intégration de batteries à base de lithium comme moyen de stockage électrochimique de l'énergie photovoltaïque. L'approche est novatrice et a permis l'étude de nouveaux composés d'électrodes étudiés sous contraintes photovoltaïques réelles et utilisant différentes stratégies de restitution de l'énergie en vue du déploiement prochain des réseaux intelligents. Les simulations portent sur des accumulateurs de petites tailles classiquement utilisés dans les laboratoires de recherche mais préfigurant ce qui pourra être construit à plus grande taille. / In a vision of sustainable development and energy independence aiming at the massive integration of the medium-term renewable energies in the energy mix, the research works are centered on two themes:- On one hand, the comparison of the production of three technologies different from solar panels (silicon, silicon with concentration, CdTe) installed into a photovoltaic power plant with 2-axes sun tracking;- On the other hand and given the intermittent nature of the photovoltaic energy and its non-simultaneity with the consumption, the development and the integration of batteries with lithium as means of electrochemical storage of the photovoltaic energy. The approach is innovative and allowed the study of new compounds of electrodes studied under real photovoltaic constraints and using various strategies of return of the energy with the aim of the next deployment of the intelligent networks. The simulations concern batteries of small sizes classically used in research laboratories but prefiguring what can be built in bigger size.

This diploma thesis is divided into two parts, namely the theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, the issue is dismantled from the current state of electric power, share the production of individual sources, the market for photovoltaic and mobile photovoltaic systems through the description of the theory of solar radiation and all the necessary components to build the isolated photovoltaic power plant. The practical part deals with dimensioning, selection of suitable components and the actual one own design and implementation of a mobile photovoltaic power plant.

This masters thesis deals with the use of off-grid photovoltaic systems. First we explain the problems associated with the power and energy potential of photovoltaic system components, design of photovoltaic systems for autonomous operation and the financial evaluation. The result of the masters thesis is to create an application used to design the island system in the whole output range (the smallest power systems to house systems application). The conclusion of the masters thesis is devoted to designing three type of projects from our application – a garden cottage, a family cottage and the house.

This Master’s thesis´ topic is “Business Plan Proposal: Photovoltaic Power Plant” and it has been assigned at Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Business and Management. The target is to create business plan proposal based on real business case that would be actually used not only as summary of all the necessary information for the project owner but also as information source for potential investors and other stakeholders of the project. Except the above mentioned, thesis demonstrates the knowledge of the energetic sector’s environment, ability to implement the legislation, use particular managerial tools and to prepare the technical and economical valuation to make decision making easier and to catch the investors´ eyes. The project concerns construction and operation of the photovoltaic power plant in the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis introduces the reader to the possible types of electric energy storage technologies, their comparisons and utilization. After its introduction, it follows the description of individual technologies and principles that are currently meaningful and useful in practice. The thesis continues with the part characterizing the ways of using the accumulation in the grid. However, the main points of this thesis include the analysis of the influence of the photovoltaic installation on the specified distribution grid operation at the low voltage level and the analysis of the influence on the grid with connected accumulation. Another important objective was the model for the calculation of steady-state, which was programmed on the basis of the theory supported by the principles of production from intermittent sources and the principle of accumulation function. The outputs of the model in the form of the calculated voltage ratios at the individual supply points and current flows at the distribution transformer point were used to evaluate the analyzes mentioned above. The courses of the calculated parameters are broken down by different scenarios (according to the period, the degree of integration of production and the accumulation or the power output of the production), graphically processed and compared from the point of view of voltage fluctuations and changes in the power (or current) balance of the supply transformer.

The aim of the master project is to design nearly zero-energy university building in Hradec Králové. The thesis consists of three parts, architectural-construction part, building services and energy assessment report to a photovoltaic power plant. The building has two above-ground floors and a basement under part of the building. In the basement there is utility room and storage. On the first floor there is entrance hall, sanitary facilities and locker room. On the second floor there are two lecture halls and office rooms. The vertical load-bearing structures are designed as a reinforced concrete frame system. Horizontal load-bearing structures are designed as prestressed panels. The building is insulated with expanded mineral wool. There are solar panels situated on the flat roof over the second floor. The building is heated by heat exchange station and the whole building is ventilated by two air conditioning units. The main part in my master project is energy assessment report to a photovoltaic power plant. The project is carried out in ArchiCAD and HelioScope software.

The master thesis designs a low-energy mixed-use building in Dolní Kralovice. The thesis consists of three parts, architectural-construction part, environment technology of building and energy assessment report to a photovoltaic power plant. The building has two above-ground floors and a basement under part of the building. The basement includes sanitary facilities and utility room, ground floor includes a restaurant and small sports hall and first floor offices. The building is founded on reinforced concrete foundation slab and foundation pads. The vertical load-bearing structures are designed as a frame system with shear core. Horizontal load-bearing structures are designed as cast-in-place reinforced slabs. External wall is designed from aerated concrete blocks with and mineral wool insulation. The building has a flat roof. In the building is air condition and cooling system and heating is with geothermal heat pumps with a borehole collector. Part of electricity demand is covered by photovoltaics on the roof. The thesis was developed in Revit software.

Актуальность данной работы обусловлена тем, что Китай – самая большая развивающаяся страна в мире, и его потребление энергии намного больше, чем в других странах. Энергосбережение и повышение энергоэффективности экономики – это укрепление энергетической и национальной безопасности страны. Повышение энергоэффективности и энергосбережение способствуют снижению потребления природных ресурсов и сокращению вредных выбросов в окружающую среду. Объект исследования – потребление энергетических ресурсов в Китае. Предмет исследования – организационно-экономические отношения в процессе повышения энергоэффективности экономики Китая. Цель диссертационного исследования состоит в анализе современного состояния в сфере энергосбережения в мире и Китае и выработке предложений по повышению уровня энергоэффективности национальной экономики Китая. Научная новизна диссертационного исследования заключается в том, что выявлены особенности изменения структуры потребления энергетических ресурсов в стране в результате реализации энергетической политики Китая; предложено строительство фотоэлектрической солнечной электростанции в провинции Китая и проведена эколого-экономическая оценка инвестиционного проекта с применением показателя LCOE. / The relevance of this work is due to the fact that China is the largest developing country in the world, and its energy consumption is much higher than in other countries. Energy saving and increasing the energy efficiency of the economy is the strengthening of the country's energy and national security. Improving energy efficiency and saving energy helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources and reduce harmful emissions into the environment. The object of research is the consumption of energy resources in China. The subject of the research is organizational and economic relations in the process of increasing the energy efficiency of the Chinese economy. The purpose of the dissertation research is to analyze the current state of energy conservation in the world and China and to develop proposals to improve the energy efficiency of the national economy of China. The scientific novelty of the dissertation research is that the features of the change in the structure of consumption of energy resources in the country as a result of the implementation of China's energy policy are revealed; proposed the construction of a photovoltaic solar power plant in the province of China and carried out an environmental and economic assessment of the investment project using the LCOE indicator.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-12-18T16:25:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ciliana Karine Dias Lima - 2017.pdf: 23149224 bytes, checksum: c070892c298f576da2daf6724723a45b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-19T12:03:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ciliana Karine Dias Lima - 2017.pdf: 23149224 bytes, checksum: c070892c298f576da2daf6724723a45b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T12:03:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ciliana Karine Dias Lima - 2017.pdf: 23149224 bytes, checksum: c070892c298f576da2daf6724723a45b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Sustainable development is a present issue in world society and it is also a strategic challenge for Cape Verde’s energy policy in coming years because the large fragilities in the electrical system in Cape Verde such as, dependence on imports of fuels, geographical dispersion, the high costs associated with managing energy systems and the great energy waste. The bet on photovoltaic systems may be one of the alternatives to reducing these fragilities. In this context, the present work highlights the great existent potential for use of renewable energy focused on solar energy. The text describes incentives for the production of electric energy based on renewable sources and presents analyses on the implementation of two grid-connected photovoltaic systems in the island of São Vicente. One of the systems is a photovoltaic rooftop 19.8 kWp plant installed in a public secondary school building and the other system is 3 MWp photovoltaic power plant connected to electrical utility grid in São Vicente Island. The study included design, operation simulation of São Vicente Island distribution network in the presence and absence of photovoltaic systems and financial analyses in order to determine payback time, actual present value, intern return rate of investment and financial sensibility analyses to assess the influence of Wp cost and interest rate on the financial figures. The results show that the implementation of photovoltaic systems is attractive in financial and technical terms, the microgeneration system causes a large reduction in energy acquired by the network, and the large power plant has not worsened the appropriate operating voltage levels and decreased the system's active losses. / O desenvolvimento sustentável é uma questão presente na sociedade mundial e é também um desafio para a política energética de Cabo Verde nos próximos anos, devido às grandes fragilidades do sistema elétrico do arquipélago, tais como a forte dependência da importação dos combustíveis fosseis, a dispersão geográfica, os elevados custos associados à gestão dos sistemas energéticos e o grande desperdício energético. A aposta em sistemas fotovoltaicos é uma das alternativas para a redução dessas fragilidades. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho destaca o grande potencial existente em Cabo Verde para utilização de energia renovável com o foco na fonte solar. O trabalho descreve os incentivos legais locais para a produção de energia elétrica com base em fontes de origem renovável e apresenta a análise da implantação de dois sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede elétrica na ilha de São Vicente. Um deles é um sistema de microgeração fotovoltaica de 19,8 kWp instalado em um edifício público de ensino e o outro é uma usina fotovoltaica de grande porte de 3 MWp, ligada à rede elétrica e também localizada na ilha de São Vicente. O estudo inclui o dimensionamento, a simulação de operação da rede de distribuição da ilha de São Vicente na ausência e na presença de sistemas fotovoltaicos. São feitas análises financeiras a fim de determinar o tempo de retorno dos investimentos, o valor atual líquido e a taxa interna de retorno dos investimentos. Também é feito uma análise de sensibilidade financeira para avaliar a influência do custo do Wp instalado e da taxa de juros do financiamento sobre os parâmetros financeiros. Os resultados mostram que a implementação dos sistemas fotovoltaicos é atrativa em termos financeiros e técnicos. A instalação do sistema de microgeração provoca uma grande redução da energia adquirida junto à rede pela unidade consumidora. É mostrado também que a usina de grande porte notadamente não alterou os níveis de tensão de funcionamento da rede e proporcionou uma diminuição das perdas ativas do sistema.

Master thesis deals with usage issues of autonomous, self-sufficient and decentralized systems. In the first part convectional and experimental sources for autonomous systems are disclosed. Second chapter deals with accumulation of electrical and thermal energy and possibilities of applications. 3rd part is focused on pilot project realized for autonomous and smart systems, which were built in last years. In the 4th chapter electrical and thermal energy consumption curves are made on daily and monthly basis for 4 type objects. In the fifth part issue of autonomy is explained, and for type buildings solutions are made with additional return on investment. The last chapter is focused on calculation of thermal accumulator and briefly discloses small district heating.