Thesis (D.E.A.)--Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 1999. / Title from title page of printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in an electronic version.

Yes / Assigning metagenomic reads to taxa presents significant challenges. Existing approaches address some issues, but are mostly limited to metabarcoding or optimized for microbial data. We present PIA (Phylogenetic Intersection Analysis): a taxonomic binner that works from standard BLAST output while mitigating key effects of incomplete databases. Benchmarking against MEGAN using sedaDNA suggests that, while PIA is less sensitive, it can be more accurate. We use known sequences to estimate the accuracy of PIA at up to 96% when the real organism is not represented in the database. For ancient DNA, where taxa of interest are frequently over-represented domesticates or absent, poorly-known organisms, more accurate assignment is critical, even at the expense of sensitivity. PIA offers an approach to objectively filter out false positive hits without the need to manually remove taxa and so make presuppositions about past environments and their palaeoecologies. / European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (ERC funded project no. 670518 LOST FRONTIER

Texte remanié de: Tesis doctoral--University of Barcelona. / Textes en catalan avec une préface en anglais et des annexes en latin. Bibliogr. p. 643-650.

No description available.

Bacterial biofilms are surface associated colonies that are of considerable concern and interest to industry, medicine and research. They are resistant to antibiotics, their host’s defences and are able to survive under harsh conditions. Biofilm formation in many bacterial strains are dependent on the production of a polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA), a beta-(1-->6)-N-acetylglucosamine polymer. Vaccines derived from biologically isolated PIA have shown efficacy against clinically isolated strains of E. coli and pathogenic strains of S. aureus in animal models. Accordingly, chemically synthesized neoglycoconjugates based on PIA glycosides will be developed to serve as lead compounds for the development of new antibiotics as well as vaccines against biofilm dependent infections. Described in this thesis is a comprehensive study of the synthesis of PIA oligosaccharides and their deacetylated equivalents, the strategy for installing a stable linker on the free reducing oligosaccharide terminus and finally the conjugation to a model carrier protein for the development of potential neoglycoprotein vaccines.

Bacterial biofilms are surface associated colonies that are of considerable concern and interest to industry, medicine and research. They are resistant to antibiotics, their host’s defences and are able to survive under harsh conditions. Biofilm formation in many bacterial strains are dependent on the production of a polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA), a beta-(1-->6)-N-acetylglucosamine polymer. Vaccines derived from biologically isolated PIA have shown efficacy against clinically isolated strains of E. coli and pathogenic strains of S. aureus in animal models. Accordingly, chemically synthesized neoglycoconjugates based on PIA glycosides will be developed to serve as lead compounds for the development of new antibiotics as well as vaccines against biofilm dependent infections. Described in this thesis is a comprehensive study of the synthesis of PIA oligosaccharides and their deacetylated equivalents, the strategy for installing a stable linker on the free reducing oligosaccharide terminus and finally the conjugation to a model carrier protein for the development of potential neoglycoprotein vaccines.

Carbonate reservoirs are a network of pores and connecting pore-throats that contain at least half of the world's oil. Genetic classification of carbonate pores enables one to map the pore types that have greatest influence on reservoir performance. Though NMR logging has been used to estimate pore sizes, it has not been used to identify genetic pore types or to aid in determinations of reservoir quality for different pore assemblages. Five genetic pore types identified in 40 carbonate and 7 sandstone samples were subjected to NMR measurements. Results reveal close correspondence between NMRderived pore volumes and 2-D pore size and shape gleaned from petrographic image analysis. Comparisons of real and synthetic pore shapes showed that shapes of all pore types in the medium size range of 0.02-0.5mm can be reliably compared with synthetic varieties, but such comparisons were unreliable for vuggy pores smaller than 0.5mm. T2 relaxation times for depositional pores exhibit low amplitude, narrow wavelength responses. Moldic pores produced medium amplitude, asymmetrical wavelength responses, and intercrystalline pores show high amplitude, narrow wavelength responses. NMR-derived pore volumes on pores with ferroan dolomite interiors underestimated pore diameter by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Calculated pore-throat sizes from MICP data correlate strongly with measured permeability. Samples with high, intermediate, or low poroperm values displayed characteristic T2 curves confirming that reservoir quality can be estimated from NMR measurements. Future work is expected to show that NMR logging can estimate reservoir quality at field scale and aid in mapping flow units in compartmentalized reservoirs.

Orientador: Matteo Bonfitto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T00:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caniatto_Fabio_M.pdf: 3451940 bytes, checksum: f5c50511d2ed464c3bddb60fc4e70e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o processo de criação do espetáculo "100 Shakespeare" produzido pela Pia Fraus Teatro no ano de 2006. O espetáculo reúne nove textos de William Shakespeare apresentados de forma não linear, praticamente sem o uso da palavra e com recursos da linguagem do Teatro de Animação. Utiliza técnicas de manipulação de bonecos como bunraku, luz negra, vara, direta, além da manipulação de objetos e uso de máscaras. "100 Shakespeare", como construções narrativas da companhia anteriores a esta, reconfigura as técnicas de manipulação de bonecos. Esta reconfiguração e seu modus operandi trouxe aos atores criadores, seres naturalmente exercitantes da busca expressiva, um olhar mais apurado ao nível de consciência de sua expressividade e como ela pode ser transferida ao boneco ou objeto. Para isso foi analisada, passo a passo, a elaboração de cada cena componente do trabalho e o comportamento do corpo do ator em relação à construção estética dos bonecos e suas técnicas de manipulação. Objetivamente o estudo busca mostrar formas de instrumentalização do manipulador de bonecos, aqui chamado de ator/manipulador, através da elaboração e gradação da transmissão de sua expressividade ao boneco e também da alteridade presente na criação da identidade de cada personagem / Abstract: This thesis is to study the process of creating the show "Shakespeare 100" produced by Pia Fraus Theatre in 2006. The show brings together nine texts of William Shakespeare presented in a nonlinear manner, almost without the use of words and language features of the Animation Theater. It uses techniques such as manipulation of Bunraku puppets, black light, stick, direct, and the manipulation of objects and use of masks. "100 Shakespeare," as narratives of the company prior to this, reconfigures the techniques of manipulating puppets. This reconfiguration and its modus operandi brought to the actors creators, search retreatants beings naturally expressive, a closer look at the level of awareness of their expression and how it can be transferred to the puppet or object. For it was analyzed, step by step, the preparation of each scene component of the work and behavior of the actor's body in relation to the aesthetic construction of the puppets and their manipulation techniques. Objectively, the study seeks to show ways of manipulation of the puppeteer, here called the actor / handler, through the development and transmission of gradation expressivity as well as the puppet of otherness present at the creation of the identity of each character / Mestrado / Artes Cenicas / Mestre em Artes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAPQLF_TESE.pdf: 7845863 bytes, checksum: f98a50dab42dcf5a759f2e7a9cf9635c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de fog?o solar ? concentra??o composto de uma par?bola obtida atrav?s da utiliza??o de fibra de borra de pia?ava, refor?o natural alternativo aos compostos polim?ricos usualmente utilizados como a fibra de vidro, aplicada sobre um molde cer?mico, destinado ao cozimento de alimentos para fins residenciais, urbanos e rurais. Assim, o trabalho ? iniciado com a caracteriza??o da microestrutura da fibra da borra da pia?ava seguido da caracteriza??o do comp?sito utilizando como matriz resina ortoft?lica refor?ada com fibras de borra de pia?ava. O Estado da Bahia, na regi?o do baixo-sul, ? o ?nico produtor de fibras de pia?ava da esp?cie Attalea funifera Martius, sendo a fibra da borra de pia?ava muito utilizada na cobertura de quiosques em ?reas de lazer como s?tios, clubes e pra?as, diferentemente da fibra propriamente dita utilizada na confec??o de vassouras. O comp?sito, que tem em sua estrutura resina poli?ster ortoft?lica refor?ada somente com fibras da borra da pia?ava, foi desenvolvido usando o processo de molde fechado por compress?o. As amostras com diferentes percentuais de fibras, 5%, 10% e 15%, sendo metade delas tratadas com NaOH a 3%, e dimens?es de 150x25x3 mm, foram cortadas a laser na placa do comp?sito obtido para os ensaios mec?nicos e posterior an?lise microestrutural e finalizando com a constru??o da par?bola. Ser?o apresentados detalhes t?cnicos dos processos de caracteriza??o das fibras da casca de pia?ava, caracteriza??o do comp?sito, fabrica??o e montagem do fog?o, uma an?lise das viabilidades, t?rmica, econ?mica e de materiais de tal prot?tipo, que tem uma conota??o social importante e um aspecto primordial, que ? o combate a danos ecol?gicos proporcionados pela utiliza??o, ainda em larga escala, da lenha para o cozimento dos alimentos

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-06-29T12:53:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Renato_Silva.pdf: 1149696 bytes, checksum: 90cca601f940d32033deeaeb17255312 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-06-29T12:54:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Renato_Silva.pdf: 1149696 bytes, checksum: 90cca601f940d32033deeaeb17255312 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-06-29T12:54:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Renato_Silva.pdf: 1149696 bytes, checksum: 90cca601f940d32033deeaeb17255312 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T12:54:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Renato_Silva.pdf: 1149696 bytes, checksum: 90cca601f940d32033deeaeb17255312 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / S. epidermidis é o principal agente de infecções associadas a dispositivos médicos implantados, sendo sua habilidade para formar biofilme em superfícies inertes o fator determinante para a persistência desse micro-organismo. Neste estudo avaliamos 52 isolados clínicos desta espécie quanto à susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos, produção de biofilme/natureza química, presença de genes relacionados à virulência (atlE, capB,aap, embp, bhp, IS256 e IS257), e o efeito de concentrações subinibitórias (sub-CIMs) de etanol e clorexidina na produção de biofilme. Além disso, algumas das amostras biofilme-positivas foram estudadas quanto ao efeito de sub-CIMs destes antissépticos na expressão de icaA, icaR, sigB e sarA. Mais de 60% das amostras apresentaram resistência para ≥ 10 drogas e as amostras produtoras de biofilme mostraram, no geral, maior percentual de resistência a antimicrobianos. No teste em placa de microtitulação (MTP), 23 amostras foram produtoras de biofilme, sendo 14 de natureza polissacarídica, 8 proteica e 3 indeterminada. No teste em Ágar Vermelho Congo, somente amostras produtoras de biofilme polissacarídico apresentaram reação positiva. Genes do operon ica foram detectados em 23 isolados, sendo 17 destes classificados como produtores e 6 como não produtores de biofilme no MTP. A frequência dos outros genes relacionados à produção de biofilme foi: embp (69%), aap (29%) e bhp (12%), não sendo detectada correlação entre estes e a produção de biofilme do tipo PIA-independente. Os genes aap (29%) e IS256 (23%) mostraram correlações significativas com: produção de biofilme, presença de ica, perfil biofilme+/ica+, e produção de nível forte de biofilme. O gene IS256 foi ainda correlacionado significativamente com resistência a alguns antimicrobianos. Sub-CIMs de etanol (2 e/ou 4%) determinaram aumento na produção de biofilme em 15 das 17 amostras PIA-dependentes e nas 8 PIA-independentes, mas não induziram produção de biofilme em amostras originalmente não produtoras. Ao contrário do etanol, sub-CIMs de clorexidina não somente não induziram produção, como determinaram redução da produção de biofilme nas amostras biofilme-positivas. Nas amostras PIA-dependentes, o etanol (1%) acarretou aumento da expressão relativa de icaA e redução da expressão de icaR, além de aumento da expressão dos reguladores globais (sarA e sigB), enquanto a amostra PIA-independente mostrou redução na expressão destes reguladores globais. Ao contrário do etanol, a clorexidina (0,5 μg/mL) determinou aumento da expressão de icaR e redução de icaAnas amostras PIA-dependentes, além de redução na expressão de sarA e sigB na amostra PIA-independente. Os resultados indicaram que a produção de biofilme mostrou-se associada com alguns dos potenciais marcadores de virulência, sendo também evidenciada associação de alguns desses marcadores com resistência a certos antimicrobianos. As amostras PIA-dependentes foram prevalentes, destacando-se, porém, o encontro de número expressivo de amostras PIA-independentes. Os genes aap,embp e bhp não se mostraram correlacionados com a produção de biofilme proteico, indicando existência de outros mecanismos envolvidos na formação desse tipo de biofilme. Nas amostras PIA-dependentes, etanol e clorexidina mostraram efeitos opostos na expressão de icaA e icaR, corroborando dados fenotípicos previamente obtidos, e enfatizando a necessidade de ampliação do estudo da clorexidina, tendo em vista o potencial de aplicação prática deste achado. / S. epidermidis is the main agent of infections associated with implanted medical devices, being its ability to form biofilms on inert surfaces the determinant factor for the persistence of this microorganism. Fifth two clinical isolates of this species were evaluated for susceptibility to antimicrobials, biofilm production/chemical nature, presence of genes related to virulence (atlE, capB, aap, embp, bhp, IS256 andIS257), and the effect of subinibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of ethanol and chlorhexidine in biofilm production. Moreover, some of biofilm-positive samples were studied for the effect of sub-MICs of these antiseptics in the expression of icaA, icaR, sigB and sarA. Over 60% of the samples showed resistance to ≥ 10 drugs and biofilm producers showed, in general, a higher percentage of antimicrobial resistance. In microtiter plate test (MTP), 23 strains were biofilm producers, being 4 of polysaccharide nature, 8 proteinaceous and 3 undetermined. In Congo Red Agar test, only biofilm polysaccharide producer strains showed a positive reaction. ica operon genes were detected in 23 isolates, being 17 of these classified as producers and 6 as non-biofilm producers in MTP. The frequency of other production-related biofilm genes was: embp (69%), aap (29%) and bhp (12%), no being detect a correlation between them and the production of PIA-independent biofilm. The aap (29%) and IS256 (23%) genes showed significant correlations with: biofilm production, presence of ica biofilm, biofilm+/ica+ profile, and strong level of production of biofilm. The IS256 gene was also significantly correlated with resistance to some antibiotics. Sub-MIC of ethanol (2 and / or 4%) led to an increase in biofilm production in 15 of 17 samples PIA-dependent and in the 8 PIA-independent, but did not induce biofilm production in not originally producing samples. Unlike ethanol, sub-MICs of chlorhexidine not only did not induce production as determined reduction of biofilm production in biofilm-positive samples. In PIA-dependent strains, ethanol (1%) caused an increase in the relative expression of icaAand reduced expression of icaR, in addition to increased expression of global regulators (sarA and sigB), while the PIA-independent strain showed reduction in the expression of these global regulators. Unlike ethanol, chlorhexidine (0.5 mg/mL) determined increased expression of icaR and reduction of icaA in PIA-dependent strains, besides a reduction in the expression of sarA and sigB in the PIA-independent strain. The results indicated that biofilm production was associated with some of potential virulence markers, and also evidenced some combination of these markers and resistance to certain antibiotics. The PIA-dependent strains were prevalent, highlighting, however, the encounter of significant number of PIA-independent strains. The aap, embp and bhp genes were not correlated with the production of proteinaceous biofilm, indicating the existence of other mechanisms involved in the formation of such biofilms. In PIA-dependent strains, ethanol and chlorhexidine showed opposite effects on the expression of icaA and icaR, corroborating phenotypic data previously obtained, and emphasizing the need to expand the study of chlorhexidine, in view of the potential of practical application of this finding.