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Transcriptional regulation of the vibrio harveyi lux operonSwartzman, Elana Esther. January 1992 (has links)
Note:
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Analysis of the regulation of the transferrin iron acquisition system in neisseria gonorrhoeaeVélez Acevedo, Rosuany N., January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Bibliography: leaves 146-172.
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Stationary Phase Expression of the Arginine Biosynthetic Operon (ARGCBH) in Escherichia Coli / Stationary Phase Expression of ARGCBH in Escherichia ColiWeerasinghe, Jeevaka 09 1900 (has links)
In this study, we report that expression of the 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘊𝘉𝘏 operon is induced in stationary phase cultures and that this increase is largely dependent on RpoS, the alternative stress sigma factor. Using combinatorial 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘙 and 𝘳𝘱𝘰𝘚 mutants, we evaluated the relative contributions of these two regulators to the expression of 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘏 using operon 𝘭𝘢𝘤𝘡 fusions. While ArgR was found to be the main factor responsible for de-repression of the 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘊𝘉𝘏 operon, RpoS was required for full expression of this biosynthetic operon at concentrations below 10 μg arginine ml⁻¹, a level at which growth of an arginine auxotroph was arginine limited. At high arginine concentrations (>10 μg ml⁻¹) 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘊𝘉𝘏 expression was strongly repressed as expected by ArgR. 𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘊𝘉𝘏 expression was 30 fold higher in Δ𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘙 mutants relative to a wild type fully repressed strain and this expression was independent of RpoS. These results indicate that RpoS plays an important role in the regulation of arginine biosynthesis, particularly when the operon is partially de-repressed as would be the case in starvation conditions. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
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Induction kinetics of the lac operon : Studied by single molecule methodsHedén Gynnå, Arvid January 2014 (has links)
The repression of the E. coli lac operon seems to be more efficient than the current theoretical model allows for. Specifically, it is more quiet than expected during the replication of the chromosome. I have induced cells during short periods and counted the number of protein products from the operon to determine if there is a delay in activation of transcription that could account for the discrepancy. The results are compatible with a delay of 10-20 s, but the delay could not be conclusively proven. Furthermore, it has been investigated if the mechanism behind the delay might be differential localization of the lac operon with and without induction. It is shown that the lac operon is more often located in the periphery of the cell and in the internucleoid region when induced. These might be regions where genes are higher expressed, giving a delay in expression after de-repression before the gene is transported there.
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Gene regulation in the lac operonPatterson, Kathryn Grace. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (PhD)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2009. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Tomas Gedeon. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-125).
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Produção de celulose bacterianaRecouvreux, Derce de Oliveira Souza January 2004 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T01:54:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
212669.pdf: 1833661 bytes, checksum: 70e133626b8e9ea8a2f36eae5af1993f (MD5) / Exopolissacarídeos (EPS) são os principais constituintes de biofilme bacteriano. Esses polímeros, componentes da matriz extracelular bacteriana, têm despertado grande interesse em aplicações industriais e na área médica. Entretanto, têm sido associado com mecanismos de combate bacteriano. A celulose tem sido identificada como um dos EPS da matriz extracelular produzido por várias espécies de bactérias durante a formação de biofilmes. A bactéria Gram-negativa Chromobacterium violaceum, linhagem ATCC 12472, teve seu genoma recentemente seqüenciado pelo Brazilian National Genome Project Consortion. A análise do genoma da C. violaceum mostrou a presença de genes relacionados à biossíntese de celulose, até então desconhecidos. Neste trabalho, analisou-se a estrutura e organização dos genes diretamente envolvidos na biossíntese de celulose, e buscou-se evidências experimentais da presença de celulose na matriz extracelular do biofilme formado por esta bactéria. A metodologia empregada envolveu o uso de ferramentas de bioinformática que exploram informações do seu genoma, como estrutura dos genes, elementos de regulação, domínios e motivos conservados. Ensaios laboratoriais foram utilizados para se obter evidências experimentais das informações genômicas. Estas estratégias permitiram determinar a existência de um operon que compreende cinco genes estruturais codificando as proteínas e enzimas do complexo celulose sintase, como também propor uma via metabólica de biossíntese de celulose a partir de glicose. Identificaram-se ainda 43 ORFs (open reading frames) com domínio GGDEF normalmente associado à atividade de síntese de diguanilmonofosfato cíclico (c-di-GMP) a partir de duas moléculas de guanosina trifosfato (GTP). A molécula c-di-GMP funciona como um componente regulatório de diversas atividades celulares, entre elas a ativação da síntese de celulose. Experimentalmente foi analisado o produto do biofilme formado durante o cultivo de C. violaceum em meio Luria Bertani (LB), culturas estática e agitada. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a presença de celulose como componente do biofilme.
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Monitoring the Expression of rrn Operons by Novel Gfp Reporter System in Model Drinking WaterChen, Yanping 27 September 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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Identifica??o de genes em Chromobacterium violaceum relacionados ? resposta ao estresseFontinele, Delanne Cristina Souza de Sena 08 September 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-08 / The sequencing of the genome of Chromobacterium violaceum identified one single
circular chromosome of 4.8 Mb, in which approximately 40% of the founded ORFs
are classified as hypothetical conserved or hypothetical. Some genic regions of
biotechnological and biological interest had been characterized, e. g., environmental
detoxification and DNA repair genes, respectively. Given this fact, the aim of this
work was to identify genes of C. violaceum related to stress response, as the ones
involved with mechanisms of DNA repair and/or genomic integrity maintenance. For
this, a genomic library of C. violaceum was built in Escherichia coli strain DH10B
(RecA-), in which clones were tested to UVC resistance, resulting in five candidates
clones. In the PLH6A clone were identified four ORFs (CV_3721 to 3724). Two
ORFs, CV_3722 and CV_3724, were subcloned and a synergic complementation
activity was observed. The occurrence of an operon was confirmed using cDNA from
C. violaceum in a RT-PCR assay. Further, it was observed the induction of the
operon after the treatment with UVC. Thus, this operon was related to the stress
response in C. violaceum. The mutagenesis assay with rifampicin after the treatment
with UVC light showed high frequency of mutagenicity for the ORF CV_3722 (Pol III
? subunit). In this way, we propose that the C. violaceum ? subunit can act in DH10B
in the translesion synthesis using Pol IV in a RecA independent-manner pathway. In
growth curve assays other four clones (PLE1G, PLE7B, PLE10B and PLE12H) were
able to complement the function at the dose 5 J/m2 and in mutagenicity assays
PLE7B, PLE10B and PLE12H showed frequencies of mutation with significant
differences upon the control (DH10B), demonstrating that in some way they are
involved with the stress response in C. violaceum. These clones appear to be
interrelated, probably regulated by a messenger molecule (eg., nucleotide c-di-GMP)
and/or global regulatory molecule (eg., ?S subunit of RNA polymerase).The results
obtained contribute for a better genetic knowledge of this specie and its response
mechanisms to environmental stress. / O seq?enciamento do genoma da esp?cie Chromobacterium violaceum identificou
um cromossomo simples circular de 4.8 Mb, no qual aproximadamente 40% das
ORFs encontradas s?o classificadas como hipot?ticas conservadas ou hipot?ticas.
Algumas regi?es g?nicas de interesse biotecnol?gico e biol?gico v?m sendo
caracterizadas, como por exemplo, genes de detoxifica??o ambiental e genes de
reparo de DNA, respectivamente. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi
identificar genes de C. violaceum envolvidos com a resposta ao estresse, como por
exemplo, mecanismos de reparo de DNA e/ou manuten??o da integridade
gen?mica. Para tanto, foi constru?da uma biblioteca gen?mica de C. violaceum na
cepa DH10B de Escherichia coli (RecA-), a qual foi testada para clones resistentes a
UVC, resultando na sele??o de cinco clones candidatos. Foram identificadas quatro
ORFs (CV_3721 a 3724) no clone PLH6A. Das quais, as ORFs CV_3722 e
CV_3724, foram subclonadas e uma atividade sin?rgica de complementa??o foi
observada. A ocorr?ncia de um operon foi confirmada usando cDNA de C. violaceum
em ensaio de RT-PCR. Adicionalmente, foi observada a indu??o do operon ap?s
tratamento com UVC, dessa forma, esse operon foi relacionado ? resposta ao
estresse em C. violaceum. Ensaios de mutag?nese com rifampicina ap?s tratamento
com luz UVC mostraram alta freq??ncia de mutagenicidade para a ORF CV_3722,
subunidade ? da Polimerase III. Assim, propomos que esta subunidade de C.
violaceum pode agir em DH10B na s?ntese transles?o utilizando Pol IV em uma via
RecA independente. Em ensaios de viabilidade outros quatro clones (PLE1G,
PLE7B, PLE10B e PLE12H) foram capazes de complementar a fun??o na dose de 5
J/m2. E em ensaios de mutagenicidade PLE7B, PLE10B e PLE12H apresentaram
freq??ncias de muta??o com diferen?as significativas em rela??o ao controle
(DH10B), demonstrando que de alguma forma eles est?o envolvidos na resposta ao
estresse em C. violaceum. Estes clones parecem estar inter-relacionados,
provavelmente, regulados por mol?cula mensageira (como o nucleot?deo c-di-GMP)
e/ou mol?cula regulat?ria global (como a subunidade ?S da RNA Polimerase). Os
resultados obtidos contribuem para um melhor conhecimento da gen?tica desta
esp?cie e de seus mecanismos de resposta ao estresse ambiental. / 2020-01-01
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Produção de biofilme em amostras clínicas de S. epidermidis: influência de concentrações subinibitórias de antissépticos (etanol e clorexidina) e associação com potenciais marcadores de virulência / Biofilm production in clinical samples of S. epidermidis: influence of subinibitory concentrations of antiseptics (ethanol and chlorhexidine) and association with potential markers of virulenceSilva Filho, Renato Geraldo da January 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / S. epidermidis é o principal agente de infecções associadas a dispositivos médicos implantados, sendo sua habilidade para formar biofilme em superfícies inertes o fator determinante para a persistência desse micro-organismo. Neste estudo avaliamos 52 isolados clínicos desta espécie quanto à susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos, produção de biofilme/natureza química, presença de genes relacionados à virulência (atlE, capB,aap, embp, bhp, IS256 e IS257), e o efeito de concentrações subinibitórias (sub-CIMs) de etanol e clorexidina na produção de biofilme. Além disso, algumas das amostras biofilme-positivas foram estudadas quanto ao efeito de sub-CIMs destes antissépticos na expressão de icaA, icaR, sigB e sarA. Mais de 60% das amostras apresentaram resistência para ≥ 10 drogas e as amostras produtoras de biofilme mostraram, no geral, maior percentual de resistência a antimicrobianos. No teste em placa de microtitulação (MTP), 23 amostras foram produtoras de biofilme, sendo 14 de natureza polissacarídica, 8 proteica e 3 indeterminada. No teste em Ágar Vermelho Congo, somente amostras produtoras de biofilme polissacarídico apresentaram reação positiva. Genes do operon ica foram detectados em 23 isolados, sendo 17 destes classificados como produtores e 6 como não produtores de biofilme no MTP. A frequência dos outros genes relacionados à produção de biofilme foi: embp (69%), aap (29%) e bhp (12%), não sendo detectada correlação entre estes e a produção de biofilme do tipo PIA-independente. Os genes aap (29%) e IS256 (23%) mostraram correlações significativas com: produção de biofilme, presença de ica, perfil biofilme+/ica+, e produção de nível forte de biofilme. O gene IS256 foi ainda correlacionado significativamente com resistência a alguns antimicrobianos. Sub-CIMs de etanol (2 e/ou 4%) determinaram aumento na produção de biofilme em 15 das 17 amostras PIA-dependentes e nas 8 PIA-independentes, mas não induziram produção de biofilme em amostras originalmente não produtoras. Ao contrário do etanol, sub-CIMs de clorexidina não somente não induziram produção, como determinaram redução da produção de biofilme nas amostras biofilme-positivas. Nas amostras PIA-dependentes, o etanol (1%) acarretou aumento da expressão relativa de icaA e redução da expressão de icaR, além de aumento da expressão dos reguladores globais (sarA e sigB), enquanto a amostra PIA-independente mostrou redução na expressão destes reguladores globais. Ao contrário do etanol, a clorexidina (0,5 μg/mL) determinou aumento da expressão de icaR e redução de icaAnas amostras PIA-dependentes, além de redução na expressão de sarA e sigB na amostra PIA-independente. Os resultados indicaram que a produção de biofilme mostrou-se associada com alguns dos potenciais marcadores de virulência, sendo também evidenciada associação de alguns desses marcadores com resistência a certos antimicrobianos. As amostras PIA-dependentes foram prevalentes, destacando-se, porém, o encontro de número expressivo de amostras PIA-independentes. Os genes aap,embp e bhp não se mostraram correlacionados com a produção de biofilme proteico, indicando existência de outros mecanismos envolvidos na formação desse tipo de biofilme. Nas amostras PIA-dependentes, etanol e clorexidina mostraram efeitos opostos na expressão de icaA e icaR, corroborando dados fenotípicos previamente obtidos, e enfatizando a necessidade de ampliação do estudo da clorexidina, tendo em vista o potencial de aplicação prática deste achado. / S. epidermidis is the main agent of infections associated with implanted medical devices, being its ability to form biofilms on inert surfaces the determinant factor for the persistence of this microorganism. Fifth two clinical isolates of this species were evaluated for susceptibility to antimicrobials, biofilm production/chemical nature, presence of genes related to virulence (atlE, capB, aap, embp, bhp, IS256 andIS257), and the effect of subinibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of ethanol and chlorhexidine in biofilm production. Moreover, some of biofilm-positive samples were studied for the effect of sub-MICs of these antiseptics in the expression of icaA, icaR, sigB and sarA. Over 60% of the samples showed resistance to ≥ 10 drugs and biofilm producers showed, in general, a higher percentage of antimicrobial resistance. In microtiter plate test (MTP), 23 strains were biofilm producers, being 4 of polysaccharide nature, 8 proteinaceous and 3 undetermined. In Congo Red Agar test, only biofilm polysaccharide producer strains showed a positive reaction. ica operon genes were detected in 23 isolates, being 17 of these classified as producers and 6 as non-biofilm producers in MTP. The frequency of other production-related biofilm genes was: embp (69%), aap (29%) and bhp (12%), no being detect a correlation between them and the production of PIA-independent biofilm. The aap (29%) and IS256 (23%) genes showed significant correlations with: biofilm production, presence of ica biofilm, biofilm+/ica+ profile, and strong level of production of biofilm. The IS256 gene was also significantly correlated with resistance to some antibiotics. Sub-MIC of ethanol (2 and / or 4%) led to an increase in biofilm production in 15 of 17 samples PIA-dependent and in the 8 PIA-independent, but did not induce biofilm production in not originally producing samples. Unlike ethanol, sub-MICs of chlorhexidine not only did not induce production as determined reduction of biofilm production in biofilm-positive samples. In PIA-dependent strains, ethanol (1%) caused an increase in the relative expression of icaAand reduced expression of icaR, in addition to increased expression of global regulators (sarA and sigB), while the PIA-independent strain showed reduction in the expression of these global regulators. Unlike ethanol, chlorhexidine (0.5 mg/mL) determined increased expression of icaR and reduction of icaA in PIA-dependent strains, besides a reduction in the expression of sarA and sigB in the PIA-independent strain. The results indicated that biofilm production was associated with some of potential virulence markers, and also evidenced some combination of these markers and resistance to certain antibiotics. The PIA-dependent strains were prevalent, highlighting, however, the encounter of significant number of PIA-independent strains. The aap, embp and bhp genes were not correlated with the production of proteinaceous biofilm, indicating the existence of other mechanisms involved in the formation of such biofilms. In PIA-dependent strains, ethanol and chlorhexidine showed opposite effects on the expression of icaA and icaR, corroborating phenotypic data previously obtained, and emphasizing the need to expand the study of chlorhexidine, in view of the potential of practical application of this finding.
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Analysis of the Regulation of the Transferrin Iron Acquisition System in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeVélez, Acevedo Rosuany 20 November 2009 (has links)
The neisserial transferrin binding proteins (Tbps) comprise a bipartite system for iron acquisition from human transferrin. TbpA is a TonB-dependent outer membrane protein that forms the pore for iron internalization. TbpB is a surface-exposed lipoprotein that makes the iron-uptake process more efficient. Previous studies have shown that the genes encoding these proteins are arranged in a bicistronic operon, with the tbpB gene located upstream of tbpA. The operon is under the control of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein. However, promoter elements necessary for the regulation of the operon have not been experimentally defined. In this study, putative regulatory motifs were confirmed by mutagenesis. Further examination of the sequence upstream of these promoter/operator motifs led to the identification of two direct repeats. We hypothesized that these repeats may be involved in further regulation of the operon. Insertional mutagenesis of the repeats resulted in altered transcript and protein levels. These results confirmed that the region upstream of the operon serves as an extended regulatory region. A comprehensive investigation of the expression of the operon in response to different environmental stimuli that gonococci might encounter upon infection was also conducted. Changes in osmolarity, carbon source, cAMP availability, and H2O2 stress did not alter expression of the operon at the transcript or protein levels. However, low oxygen levels resulted in decreased tbpBA transcript and protein. These results are biologically relevant, and provide new insights into the use of the transferrin binding proteins as vaccine candidates. Lastly, the role of G4 DNA sequences identified in the vicinity of the tbpBA operon was investigated. We hypothesized that G4 DNA structures could be involved in the regulation of the operon. Results presented here indicate that interference with these sequences appears to have no effect on expression of the operon. However, identification of potential G4-forming sequences in the non-coding regions upstream and downstream of the operon suggests their importance, perhaps in mediating recombination which could lead to increased antigenic diversity.
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