Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D.--Oxford, 1992. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 287-291. Index.

The differing objectives of the public in managing and using both wildlife habitat and the wildlife resource create problems for wildlife managers who must find socially acceptable solutions. How should the resource be allocated among alternative uses such as hunting and observation? Should particular species be given priority in the management of the wildlife resource and, if so, which ones? What tradeoffs should be made to arrive at solutions which appropriately reflect the public's legitimate interest and concern with the management of this resource? The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the management system established as a means of arriving at socially acceptable solutions in the management of wildlife at the Pitt Wildlife Management Area (PWMA). The study focuses on the effectiveness of the PWMA Advisory Committee as a forum for incorporating public input into policy and management decisions at the PWMA. While the "Proposed Wetlands Policy" for the Provincial Government calls for the establishment of public advisory committees, the PWMA Advisory Committee is the first public advisory committee established in B.C. for the purpose of advising the F&WB on issues relating to wildlife management in a specific area. Normative criteria have been derived for evaluating the performance of an ideal process for wildlife management decision-making. These criteria follow logically from social values inherent in a liberal democratic system. A basic assumption behind these criteria is that socially acceptable solutions can be elicited through a process which reflects social values. The normative criteria used for evaluating the decision-making process are: (1) all interests affected by decisions should be represented; (2) decisions should be based on adequate information; (3) interaction should take place among participants; (4) participants' efforts should be of value; and (5) the system should be efficient. This study documents the planning process for four issues pertaining to the PWMA - the formation of a management plan, the allocation of a Sandhill Crane reserve, the waterfowl hunting policy, and the formation of a recreation plan. The PWMA Advisory Committee has opened up the wildlife management decision process a great deal. However, the results of the evaluation indicate a number of weaknesses in the process. Representation of Legitimate Interests; Four categories of interests affected by the management of the PWMA were identified: those who use the PWMA, those who do not regularly use the area but are interested in enhancing wildlife populations in the area, those who don't use the area but are interested in preserving the diversity of wildlife species, and those affected by the external effects of managing the area. The evaluation revealed that a good cross-section of interests is represented on the committee except for those interested in certain recreational uses of the area. Five stages of a typical resource allocation process include issue formulation, plan conceptualization, evaluation, decision-making, and implementation. In order for affected interests to be adequately represented, they must be able to participate at all stages of the process. This has not been the case with the Advisory Committee. Because of the general lack of a systematic process, none of the interests have been well represented in the planning process for all issues. Adequacy of Information: Alternative planning and management strategies were not generated for most issues. In fact, for the most controversial issue (pertaining to the hunting regime), no alternatives were formally discussed for either of the two changes which were made. Because of the absence of management alternatives, very little information has been produced for evaluating management strategies. Interaction: Bargaining is a common method for resolving differences. Although the F&WB has encouraged debate among committee members, very little bargaining or compromise has occurred on issues where differences of opinion have existed. This appears to be related to the absence of many of the planning stages at which bargaining could have taken place. All government agencies have shown co-operation in their willingness to discuss issues of concern to the public interest groups. Effectiveness: Almost every public interest group qualified the extent to which their participation had been of value to the planning process.. Most of these members felt that, on at least one issue, their contribution was disregarded or that they were not given adequate opportunity to participate. Efficiency: All government agencies indicated that the time and resources spent on committee activities were very productive. The evaluation has indicated that there are a number of weaknesses in the management system as revealed by the planning process. The following recommendations are made to strengthen the process in terms of the normative elements of the decisionmaking process and in light of theories of political-administrative behavior: (1) There should be better representation by public groups affected by recreational developments at the PWMA; (2) There should be structural changes to the management system involving a long-range plan which is updated annually, the production of annual plans which coincide with the F&WB budgetary process, and the establishment of a budget for the management of the PWMA; and (3) There should be rule changes in the terms of reference of the Advisory Committee which would ensure the production of detailed agendas, information and problem statements regarding the most important items on the agendas, alternative solutions in the resolution of all issues, and information pertaining to the consequences of alternatives. If the operation of the PWMA Advisory Committee is reorganized to incorporate these recommendations, this management system should serve as a useful model for public involvement in wildlife management in other areas of B.C. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Ce manuscrit s'intéresse au devenir de contaminants organiques dans le sol, et plus précisément celui des composés organo-halogénés volatils (COHV).Il propose des outils d'aide à la décision en utilisant la modélisation numérique appliquée à des problématiques environnementales portant sur le traitement de sites et sols pollués par des COHV. Il présente, à ma connaissance, la première modélisation numérique en 3D, grâce au simulateur TMVOC, d'une technique de dépollution physique, à savoir le pompage réussi au sein d'un aquifère d'un liquide en phase non-aqueuse plus dense que l'eau ou Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL). Les très bons résultats de cette simulation permettent d’envisager l’optimisation d’un système de pompage asservi pour dépolluer un site contaminé aux COHV. Cette thèse s'intéresse aussi à une méthode de d'évaluation, à la fois qualitative et quantitative, de l'efficacité du pompage : un test de traçage utilisant des traceurs bisolubles à coefficients de partage variables (partitioning interwell tracer test – PITT). Ce PITT permet de connaître à la fois la répartition spatiale, au sein d’un aquifère, d’une bulle de DNAPL et aussi d’en évaluer sa saturation et donc son volume. Ce manuscrit met à disposition des outils élaborés et adaptés au traitement d'un DNAPL dans un aquifère. La combinaison des deux techniques présentées, à savoir la modélisation d'un pompage de DNAPL et un PITT, sont parfaitement reproductibles dans des environnements similaires et à l'échelle industrielle. Enfin, ces méthodes permettent de réduire considérablement les coûts de caractérisation (PITT) et d'exploitation par l'optimisation de systèmes de pompage / This manuscript deals with the fate of organic contaminants in soil, more precisely of volatile organo-chlorinated compounds (VOHC) and offers some decision making techniques and tools using numerical modelling applied to environmental issues about the treatment of soils contaminated by VOHC. It presents, to the best knowledge of the auhor, the first 3D numerical modelling, with the simulator TMVOC, of a physical treatment technique, namely the successful pumping within an aquifer, of a Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL). The very good results of this simulation give the opportunity to design a controlled and automated pumping system to remediate a polluted site. This thesis also deols with a tracer test assessment method, both qualitative and quantitative, for the efficiency of this pumping : a partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT). The PITT allows us to determine the spatial repartion of the DNAPL and also to assess its saturation, hence its volume. This manuscript offers elaborated tools adapted to the remediation of a DNAPL in an aquifer. The combination of these two techniques, namely the DNAPL pumping and the PITT, are perfectly reproducible in similar environments up to an industrial scale. Finally, exploitation and characterisation costs for DNAPL remediation can be extremely reduced by numerical modelling and optimisation

L'optimisation de la durée de vie d'une batterie nécessite la prédiction de son vieillissement et donc l'identification des mécanismes de vieillissement qui en sont à l'origine. Pour pallier les limitations des outils de caractérisation du vieillissement classiquement utilisés (mesures intermittentes de performance au cours du vieillissement et tests de caractérisation post-mortem), des outils d'étude non destructive de l'état des électrodes en cours de vie ont été mis au point et testés. Il s'agit d'un modèle multiphysique de fonctionnement de la batterie lithium-ion et de deux méthodes d'extraction de paramètres in-situ : la première basée sur le traitement de la dérivée du profil de tension et la seconde sur la différence des pentes de profils de tension entre l'état neuf et l'état considéré. Les paramètres non disponibles mais nécessaires à l'établissement du modèle multiphysique d'un élément ont été estimés pour différents états de charge et différentes températures. Ce modèle a été validé par comparaison avec des mesures expérimentales. L'application de ces outils est illustrée dans le cas de trois mécanismes de vieillissement différents. En outre, ces outils ont été plus particulièrement appliqués au vieillissement par dépôt de lithium. L'utilisation du modèle de l'élément commercial VL41M Saft a permis de dresser un abaque de ses courants limites de fonctionnement et a fait l'objet d'une validation expérimentale mettant en oeuvre la méthode dite de la dérivée / Optimisation of a battery life time requires the prediction of its ageing and the identification of the involved ageing mechanisms. In order to avoid the limitations due to standard ageing characterisation methods (performance evaluations conducted regularly along ageing and post-mortem characterisations), other tools allowing assessment of the electrode state without deterioration along the life time, have been tested. It concerns a multiphysic model of lithium-ion battery and two methods for in-situ parameter extraction: the first is based on the study of the derivative of the tension profile and the second one, on the difference between the slope of the tension profiles at the fresh state and at the considered state. The non-available parameters required for set up of the multiphysic model for one battery have been evaluated for different states of charge and various temperatures. This model has been validated by comparison with experimental measurements. The application of these tools is illustrated for three different ageing mechanisms. Moreover these methods have been especially applied for the case of lithium plating ageing. Use of the VL41M Saft model allowed to set up an abacus of the limiting charge currents and an experimental validation has been performed in using the method so-called derivation method

No description available.

The British entered the War of the First Coalition against Revolutionary France in 1793 diplomatically isolated and militarily unprepared for a major war. Nonetheless, a French attack on the Dutch Republic in February 1793 forced the British to dispatch a small expeditionary force to defend their ally. Throughout the Flanders campaign of 1793, the British expeditionary force served London as a tool to end British isolation and enlist Austrian commitment to securing British war objectives. The 1793 Flanders campaign and the Allied war effort in general have received little attention from historians, and they generally receive dismissive condemnation in general histories of the French Revolutionary Wars. This thesis examines the British participation in the 1793 Flanders campaign a broader diplomatic context through the published correspondence of relevant Allied military and political leaders. Traditional accounts of this campaign present a narrative of defeat and condemn the Allies for their failure to achieve in 1793 the accomplishments of the sixth coalition twenty years later. Such a perspective obscures a clear understanding of the reasons for Allied actions. This thesis seeks to correct this distortion by critically analyzing the relationship between British diplomacy within the Coalition and operations in Flanders. Unable to achieve victory on their own strength, the British used their expeditionary force in Flanders as diplomatic leverage to impose their objectives on the other powers at war with France.

Thesis (M.A.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57).

The objectives of the study were to determine the year-round distribution and habitat selection of four marsh passerine species, as described by vegetation type and its physical characteristics, and to investigate interspecific competition as a factor in the habitat selection of the Long-billed Marsh Wren and the Red-winged Blackbird. Fulfillment of these objectives should help the B.C. Fish and Wildlife Branch to assess the effects of their management plans on marsh passerines. I determined the abundance of four passerine species in different vegetation types via marsh census transects over the period of one year. Nesting habitat and breeding information on marsh wrens and redwings was obtained via nest study plots. The results were: Areas traversed from the central and deepest marsh outward towards higher ground are inhabited by redwings, marsh wrens. Common Yellowthroats, and Song Sparrows, respectively. Habitats of wrens and redwings are spatially and temporally segregated. Wrens use the "Dense Spiraea" (Hardhack shrub) habitat extensively, while redwings use it hardly at all in the marsh. Similarly, redwings are abundant in Scirpus cyperinus (Hairy-seeded Bulrush), whereas wrens seldom use this habitat. Both wrens and redwings use other vegetation types, but redwings use them in the late spring, whereas wrens use them in the summer. Both wrens and redwings have lower reproductive success when nesting in close proximity than when nesting apart. This supports the hypothesis that interspecific competition exists and indicates that selection may favour habitat segregation. I also found mutual suppression of reproductive success when the effects of different vegetation types were removed. The results were not statistically significant however, possibly due to small sample sizes. Of the observed differences between the physical nest site parameters of wrens and redwings, vegetation height and presence and/or depth of water require further investigation as factors in the habitat selection of the two species. Bren-wren competition does not appear to affect wren nesting success in the present study marsh. Management recommendations are given based on the objective of maintaining and possibly enhancing bird species diversity in the study marsh. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis explores the history of British anthropology at the start of the twentieth century through a biographical focus on Maria Antonina Czaplicka (1884-1921). The title calls into question the marginalisation of people and processes in the history of anthropology that do not explicitly contribute to the dominant lineage of British social anthropology and offers to add depth and nuance to the narrative through analysis stemming from material sources. I use Czaplicka as a case study to demonstrate how close attention to a seemingly marginal person with an incomplete and scattered archival record, can help formulate a clearer picture of what anthropology was and what it can thus become. My research contributes to the understanding and appreciation of women's involvement in anthropology, calls into question national borders of the discipline at this point in time, highlights the networks that nurtured it, and demonstrates the potential that museum collections have for an enriched understanding of the history of anthropology. I propose that history of anthropology is better understood through a planar approach that allows multiple parallel developments to exist together rather than envisaging a linear evolution towards a single definition of social anthropology. The project lays the groundwork for further research into the role that museums can have for understanding anthropological legacy and the possibilities they may have in creating fresh understandings of the contemporary world.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 581-602). Also available via the World Wide Web.