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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determinação do teor de NaCl, Glicose e KCI em medicamentos injetáveis por fotometria usando exploração do efeito Schlieren em Sistemas FIA e PLS1 / Determination of NaCl, KCl and Glucose Content in Injectable Pharmaceuticals by Photometry Exploring the Schlieren Effect in FIA Systems and PLS1

Diniz, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Dias 01 October 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2728710 bytes, checksum: 6517b3a8e30d4a561eb90e4be9c69916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study evaluated using the Schlieren effect in FIA systems as a new strategy to determine the amounts of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and glucose, each respectively in intravenous drugs. The proposed methodology was based on the difference between the refractive indices of sample zones and the carrier stream. With this perspective, photometric detection was used based on an LED and a phototransistor to investigate the different analytical profiles related to the Schlieren effect in low flow rate conditions. Adjustment studies of the parameters and flow settings (which were most suitable to exploit Schlieren profiles), were performed. The proposed methodology generates a large amount of chemical information and therefore requires the use of chemometric tools. Data evaluation was performed with the application of a partial least squares regression (PLS1), employing the standard solutions of each analyte to construct and validate the models. The models were then used to predict the content of each analyte in their real samples. The results demonstrated the predictive ability of the constructed PLS1 models, and the predicted concentration values were in agreement with the reference values, with 95% of confidence. The main advantages of using the Schlieren effect in the chemical analysis is that no reagent is employed, low volumes of samples are used and no expensive radiation detectors are used. / Neste trabalho foi avaliada a exploração do efeito Schlieren em sistemas FIA para a implementação de uma nova estratégia para determinar o teor de cloreto de sódio, cloreto de potássio e glicose em amostras de soro fisiológico, KCl injetável e soro glicosado, respectivamente. A metodologia proposta se baseia na diferença entre os índices de refração das zonas da amostra e do fluido carregador. Nesta perspectiva, foi empregada detecção fotométrica baseada em LED e fototransistor para investigar diferentes perfis analíticos associados ao efeito Schlieren em condições de baixa vazão. Estudos para ajuste dos parâmetros e configurações de fluxo mais adequados nos quais os perfis Schlieren podem ser explorados foram realizados. A metodologia proposta gera uma grande quantidade de informações químicas e, por isso, requer a utilização de ferramentas quimiométricas. A avaliação dos resultados foi realizada com a aplicação da regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS1), a qual empregou as soluções padrão de cada analito para construção e validação dos modelos. Em seguida, os modelos construídos foram utilizados para a previsão do teor de cada analito em suas respectivas amostras reais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a boa capacidade preditiva dos modelos PLS1 construídos, pois os valores das concentrações previstos pelos modelos foram concordantes com os valores de referência, no nível de 95% de confiança. As maiores vantagens da exploração do efeito Schlieren na análise química são que nenhum reagente é empregado, que utiliza baixo volume de amostras e que não emprega caros detectores de radiação.
2

Estimation de fonctions de régression : sélection d'estimateurs ridge, étude de la procédure PLS1 et applications à la modélisation de la signature génique du cancer du poumon / Estimation of regression functions : ridge estimators selection, study of PLS1 procedure and applications on modelling the genetic signature of lung cancer

Binard, Carole 04 May 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l’estimation d'une fonction de régression fournissant la meilleure relation entredes variables pour lesquelles on possède un certain nombre d’observations. Une première partie portesur une étude par simulation de deux méthodes automatiques de sélection du paramètre de laprocédure d'estimation ridge. D'un point de vue plus théorique, on présente et compare ensuite deuxméthodes de sélection d'un multiparamètre intervenant dans une procédure d'estimation d'unefonction de régression sur l'intervalle [0,1]. Dans une deuxième partie, on étudie la qualité del'estimateur PLS1, d'un point de vue théorique, à travers son risque quadratique et, plus précisément,le terme de variance dans la décomposition biais/variance de ce risque. Enfin, dans une troisièmepartie, une étude statistique sur données réelles est menée afin de mieux comprendre la signaturegénique de cellules cancéreuses à partir de la signature génique des sous-types cellulaires constituantle stroma tumoral associé / This thesis deals with the estimation of a regression function providing the best relationship betweenvariables for which we have some observations. In a first part, we complete a simulation study fortwo automatic selection methods of the ridge parameter. From a more theoretical point of view, wethen present and compare two selection methods of a multiparameter, that is used in an estimationprocedure of a regression function on [0,1]. In a second part, we study the quality of the PLS1estimator through its quadratic risk and, more precisely, the variance term in its bias/variancedecomposition. In a third part, a statistical study is carried out in order to explain the geneticsignature of cancer cells thanks to the genetic signatures of cellular subtypes which compose theassociated tumor stroma

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