MOURA, C. P.; NASCIMENTO, R. F. Estudo de remoção do benzeno, tolueno, p-xileno e o-xileno dissolvidos em água por adsorção em organosílica periódica mesoporoso (PMO). 2012. 122 f. Tese (Doutorado em Qúimica Orgânica) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012. / Submitted by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-10-13T17:30:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_cpmoura.pdf: 2219100 bytes, checksum: aaaf67f0f018e72df4c21f92b003354d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-10-21T16:38:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_cpmoura.pdf: 2219100 bytes, checksum: aaaf67f0f018e72df4c21f92b003354d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-21T16:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_cpmoura.pdf: 2219100 bytes, checksum: aaaf67f0f018e72df4c21f92b003354d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This study evaluates the Periodic Mesopores Organosilicas (PMO) synthesized by co-condensation of 1,4-bis(trietoxysilil)benzene (BTEB) and feniltrietoxysilane (FTE) in different mole fractions, under acidic conditions using triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as template and in the presence of inorganic salt (KCl), to adsorption of aromatic compounds in aqueous synthetic solution. The molar composition of the synthesis followed the synthesis equation: xFTE :29,58-xBTEB: 1.0 P123: 226.75 KCl: 38HCl: 12583H2O, where x ranged from 0 to 11.83, as designating the solids obtained as PMO1,0; PMO0,8; and PMO0,6, whose index indicates the fraction of BTEB in the composition of the mixture. Structurally, it was observed that incorporation of FTE to process generates PMOs with reduced thermal stability, with lower values of surface area and pore volume and lower hydrophilic character. The measures for small angle of X-ray diffraction, the transmission microscopy and the isotherm of nitrogen adsorption and desorption showed that the products are hexagonally ordered cylindrical pores and has dimensions of meso/macro complementary. The tests for removal of aromatic compounds dissolved in water, the PMO1,0 and PMO0,6 exhibited efficient adsorption capacity of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and o-Xylene (BTXs). In the adsorption experiments with PMO0,6, in batch study, the capacity of removing benzene (0,84 mg.g-1), toluene (0,93 mg.g-1), p-xilene (1,00 mg.g-1) e o-xilene (0,86 mg.g-1) were lower than those obtained in the tests adsorption column: benzene (1,15 mg.g-1), toluene (1,26 mg.g-1), p-xilene (1,25 mg.g-1) e o-xilene (1,15 mg.g-1). The kinetic mechanism of adsorption is primarily identified as pseud-second order and the isotherms can be represented by Redlich-Peterson and Temkin models. / Este estudo avalia a organosílica com mesoporos periódicos (PMO), sintetizada pela co-condensação de 1,4-bis(trietoxisilil)benzeno (BTEB) e feniltrietoxisilano (FTE), em frações molares variáveis, sob condições ácidas, usando o copolímero tribloco Plurônic P123 como agente direcionante na presença de sal inorgânico (KCl), na adsorção de compostos aromáticos presentes em solução aquosa sintética. A composição molar das sínteses seguiu a equação de síntese xFTE:1,00-xBTEB:0,03P123:7,66KCl:1,28HCl:425,35H2O, onde x variou de 0,0, 0,2 e 0,4., designando os sólidos obtidos como PMO1,0; PMO0,8; e PMO0,6, cujos índices indicam a fração do BTEB na composição da mistura reacional. Estruturalmente, observou-se que a incorporação do FTE ao processo gera PMOs com estabilidade térmica reduzida, com menores valores de área superficial e de volumes de poros além de menor caráter hidrofílico. As medidas de difração de raios X a baixo ângulo, a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e a isoterma de adsorção e dessorção de nitrogênio revelaram que os produtos estão hexagonalmente ordenado, possuem poros cilíndricos e de dimensões meso/macro complementares. Os testes para remoção dos compostos aromáticos dissolvidos em água, o PMO1,0 e PMO0,6 exibiram eficientes capacidades de adsorção para benzeno, tolueno, p-xileno e o-xileno (BTXs). Nos ensaios de adsorção com PMO0,6, em batelada, as capacidades de remoção do benzeno (0,84 mg.g-1), tolueno (0,93 mg.g-1), p-xileno (1,00 mg.g-1) e o-xileno (0,86 mg.g-1) foram menores que as obtidas nos testes de adsorção em coluna: benzeno (1,15 mg.g-1), tolueno (1,26 mg.g-1), p-xileno (1,25 mg.g-1) e o-xileno (1,15 mg.g-1). O mecanismo cinético de adsorção é, prioritariamente identificado como de pseud-segunda ordem e as isotermas podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Redlich-Peterson e Temkin.

La forma como las organizaciones ejecutan sus estrategias pueden ser la diferencia entre el éxito y el fracaso en el logro de sus objetivos y para eso las estrategias se deben traducir a proyectos relevantes, ejecutables y medibles. Probablemente nuestras organizaciones ya funcionen bajo un esquema de proyectos y cuente con profesionales en gestión de proyectos pero con recursos limitados las organizaciones necesitan hacer más con menos, enfocarse en los proyectos que generen valor, ejecutar los proyectos de forma más eficiente y mejor controlados. El presente artículo desarrolla una propuesta para el diseño y despliegue de una Oficina de Dirección de Proyecto o PMO (Project Management Office) como apoyo para mejorar la gestión de proyectos de servicios de tecnología.

Synthesis and Applications of Novel Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas by Chun Xiang (Cynthia) LIN Abstract This dissertation is concerned with the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with a unique hollow spherical morphology, with the main objectives as follows: • Developing new techniques to synthesize mesoporous silica and organosilica materials • Designing different approaches to modify PMO and silica materials to meet various applications • Developing innovative applications of novel PMO materials in biological fields. The key features that have been achieved in this work are highlighted as follows: • A series of studies has been carried out and resulted in a new strategy for the synthesis of PMO material with a novel hollow morphology. This new approach employs both hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants as mixed structure-directing-agents in alkaline medium. Moreover, a vesicle and liquid crystal "dual-templating" mechanism has been proposed. • Detailed observation on the formation mechanism of hollow PMO has revealed that the demixing temperature (Td) plays an important role on the formation of highly ordered mesostructure of PMO hollow spheres. Beside that, dissimilarity on the hydrophobic nature of silica - organic silica precursors has brought differences in the resulted materials. • Different approaches in the modification of PMO hollow spheres with several functional groups and commercial magnetic ferrite nanoparticles have shown some unique features of this material. It was found that different reactive sites of each functional group bring different disruptive effect on the mesopore geometry of hollow PMO. Furthermore, hollow PMO material show different behavior on encapsulating the commercial magnetic ferrite nanoparticles compared to superparamagnetic particles, where different techniques should be applied, which involved several factors that need to be carefully adjusted. • Applications of hollow PMO in biological field were performed on drug and DNA delivery. A comparison between periodic mesoporous silica (PMS) and PMO as drug carriers showed the differences in wall composition between pure silica and hybrid organic silica, also the morphology (hollow and solid spheres) play important roles in controlling adsorption capacity and drug release rate. In addition, different pH value of release medium also brings significant effect on release profile. As a carrier of DNA, magnetic modified hollow PMO material showed biocompatibility towards sugarcane callus. Moreover, this study has introduced a new innovative technique on delivering DNA into plant cell through the application of modified hollow PMO with barium magnetic core and enzyme digestion approach.

Este estudo avalia a organosÃlica com mesoporos periÃdicos (PMO), sintetizada pela co-condensaÃÃo de 1,4-bis(trietoxisilil)benzeno (BTEB) e feniltrietoxisilano (FTE), em fraÃÃes molares variÃveis, sob condiÃÃes Ãcidas, usando o copolÃmero tribloco PlurÃnic P123 como agente direcionante na presenÃa de sal inorgÃnico (KCl), na adsorÃÃo de compostos aromÃticos presentes em soluÃÃo aquosa sintÃtica. A composiÃÃo molar das sÃnteses seguiu a equaÃÃo de sÃntese xFTE:1,00-xBTEB:0,03P123:7,66KCl:1,28HCl:425,35H2O, onde x variou de 0,0, 0,2 e 0,4., designando os sÃlidos obtidos como PMO1,0; PMO0,8; e PMO0,6, cujos Ãndices indicam a fraÃÃo do BTEB na composiÃÃo da mistura reacional. Estruturalmente, observou-se que a incorporaÃÃo do FTE ao processo gera PMOs com estabilidade tÃrmica reduzida, com menores valores de Ãrea superficial e de volumes de poros alÃm de menor carÃter hidrofÃlico. As medidas de difraÃÃo de raios X a baixo Ãngulo, a microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo e a isoterma de adsorÃÃo e dessorÃÃo de nitrogÃnio revelaram que os produtos estÃo hexagonalmente ordenado, possuem poros cilÃndricos e de dimensÃes meso/macro complementares. Os testes para remoÃÃo dos compostos aromÃticos dissolvidos em Ãgua, o PMO1,0 e PMO0,6 exibiram eficientes capacidades de adsorÃÃo para benzeno, tolueno, p-xileno e o-xileno (BTXs). Nos ensaios de adsorÃÃo com PMO0,6, em batelada, as capacidades de remoÃÃo do benzeno (0,84 mg.g-1), tolueno (0,93 mg.g-1), p-xileno (1,00 mg.g-1) e o-xileno (0,86 mg.g-1) foram menores que as obtidas nos testes de adsorÃÃo em coluna: benzeno (1,15 mg.g-1), tolueno (1,26 mg.g-1), p-xileno (1,25 mg.g-1) e o-xileno (1,15 mg.g-1). O mecanismo cinÃtico de adsorÃÃo Ã, prioritariamente identificado como de pseud-segunda ordem e as isotermas podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Redlich-Peterson e Temkin. / This study evaluates the Periodic Mesopores Organosilicas (PMO) synthesized by co-condensation of 1,4-bis(trietoxysilil)benzene (BTEB) and feniltrietoxysilane (FTE) in different mole fractions, under acidic conditions using triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as template and in the presence of inorganic salt (KCl), to adsorption of aromatic compounds in aqueous synthetic solution. The molar composition of the synthesis followed the synthesis equation: xFTE :29,58-xBTEB: 1.0 P123: 226.75 KCl: 38HCl: 12583H2O, where x ranged from 0 to 11.83, as designating the solids obtained as PMO1,0; PMO0,8; and PMO0,6, whose index indicates the fraction of BTEB in the composition of the mixture. Structurally, it was observed that incorporation of FTE to process generates PMOs with reduced thermal stability, with lower values of surface area and pore volume and lower hydrophilic character. The measures for small angle of X-ray diffraction, the transmission microscopy and the isotherm of nitrogen adsorption and desorption showed that the products are hexagonally ordered cylindrical pores and has dimensions of meso/macro complementary. The tests for removal of aromatic compounds dissolved in water, the PMO1,0 and PMO0,6 exhibited efficient adsorption capacity of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and o-Xylene (BTXs). In the adsorption experiments with PMO0,6, in batch study, the capacity of removing benzene (0,84 mg.g-1), toluene (0,93 mg.g-1), p-xilene (1,00 mg.g-1) e o-xilene (0,86 mg.g-1) were lower than those obtained in the tests adsorption column: benzene (1,15 mg.g-1), toluene (1,26 mg.g-1), p-xilene (1,25 mg.g-1) e o-xilene (1,15 mg.g-1). The kinetic mechanism of adsorption is primarily identified as pseud-second order and the isotherms can be represented by Redlich-Peterson and Temkin models.

The field of mesoporous materials has been expanding rapidly in recent years, and has come to include a wide variety of different types of materials from organic to inorganic, as well as hybrid materials that encompass both worlds. The following account explores one type of mesoporous materials, specifically those consisting of silica with an attached organic group that have come to be known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). Much of the work here involves incorporating new types of organic groups into a mesoporous framework for the purpose of adding a useful functionality, either chemical or physical, to the material. Firstly it is shown that a borazine moiety can be successfully incorporated into a mesoporous material with a very high loading. It was further shown that once incorporated into the material many of the borazine moieties are available for further chemical reactions with acids and transition metals. Next, a new class of materials termed hybrid periodic mesoporous organosilicas (HPMOs) was developed that was able to circumvent many of the problems associated with PMO self-assembly. Now, using very simple techniques, virtually any type of silsesquioxane can be incorporated into a PMO, and the organic group can be specifically at the surface of the pores, thereby maximizing its accessibility. And finally, a PMO is made that incorporates buckyballs, and it is shown that, given the right synthetic conditions, the buckyballs are homogeneously distributed throughout the material.

The field of mesoporous materials has been expanding rapidly in recent years, and has come to include a wide variety of different types of materials from organic to inorganic, as well as hybrid materials that encompass both worlds. The following account explores one type of mesoporous materials, specifically those consisting of silica with an attached organic group that have come to be known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). Much of the work here involves incorporating new types of organic groups into a mesoporous framework for the purpose of adding a useful functionality, either chemical or physical, to the material. Firstly it is shown that a borazine moiety can be successfully incorporated into a mesoporous material with a very high loading. It was further shown that once incorporated into the material many of the borazine moieties are available for further chemical reactions with acids and transition metals. Next, a new class of materials termed hybrid periodic mesoporous organosilicas (HPMOs) was developed that was able to circumvent many of the problems associated with PMO self-assembly. Now, using very simple techniques, virtually any type of silsesquioxane can be incorporated into a PMO, and the organic group can be specifically at the surface of the pores, thereby maximizing its accessibility. And finally, a PMO is made that incorporates buckyballs, and it is shown that, given the right synthetic conditions, the buckyballs are homogeneously distributed throughout the material.

Effective project management (PM) is increasingly required for strategy implementation, business transformation management, continual improvement and pioneering product development and service provision. The systematic approach of PM (based on best practices and experience) aims to improve the chances of project success in a competitive environment where scarce resources (capital, human, opportunity, time, etc.) needs to be utilized most effectively. The contribution a project management office (PMO) can make in the medium sized consulting engineering industry to deliver more successful projects was investigated. The investigation involved determining the current state of both PM and PMO maturity in medium sized consulting engineering organisations in South Africa. Furthermore, the required maturity, or level of development, of PM and PMOs were also determined using the prediction orientated Delphi survey method. In the literature study, the concepts of PM, PMO and their maturity determination, successful project delivery, background to the consulting engineering industry in South Africa and similar PM and PMO maturity studies were investigated. From the literature study, an existing maturity survey was selected for each of the concepts PM and PMO. These existing and tested maturity surveys were combined into a single survey. Some demographic information deemed applicable from the literature study was also included in the survey and distributed in a multi-round survey to medium sized organisations similar to the author's organisation, operating in the mining and energy sectors mainly. The current PM and PMO maturity of the organisations taking part in the survey were determined in round 1 of the survey. The required PM and PMO maturity were determined from the round 2 survey results that were completed after the respondents were provided with the round 1 survey statistically averaged maturity levels in an effort to reach a form of consensus amongst the respondents. The round 1 survey was distributed to 161 respondents (response rate of 53%). Round 2 was distributed to the 86 respondents that completed round 1 (response rate of 55%). From the survey results and literature study it was found that there is a definite increase in PM and PMO maturity required in order for medium sized consulting engineering organisations to deliver more successful projects in the mining and energy sector. It was also seen that the maturity levels required for both PM and PMO are not the maximum maturity levels possible. From the empirical study, a definite relationship between PMO and PM was confirmed and it was seen that generally an organisation with a PMO tends to have higher PM maturity levels. For a PMO to be successful, from literature it was seen that the PMO needs to adapt to the organisation and environment it functions in. It was also discovered that a PMO is successful if it reaches the goals it set for itself. The PMO also contributes by systematically and continuously improving and adapting the PM of the company to add the most value to both internal and external customers of the PMO. It is the researcher's opinion that the study is not representative of all medium sized consulting engineering organisations in SA and further research is required to determine industry specific PM and PMO maturity levels and to determine the resulting contribution a PMO can make in this regard. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Effective project management (PM) is increasingly required for strategy implementation, business transformation management, continual improvement and pioneering product development and service provision. The systematic approach of PM (based on best practices and experience) aims to improve the chances of project success in a competitive environment where scarce resources (capital, human, opportunity, time, etc.) needs to be utilized most effectively. The contribution a project management office (PMO) can make in the medium sized consulting engineering industry to deliver more successful projects was investigated. The investigation involved determining the current state of both PM and PMO maturity in medium sized consulting engineering organisations in South Africa. Furthermore, the required maturity, or level of development, of PM and PMOs were also determined using the prediction orientated Delphi survey method. In the literature study, the concepts of PM, PMO and their maturity determination, successful project delivery, background to the consulting engineering industry in South Africa and similar PM and PMO maturity studies were investigated. From the literature study, an existing maturity survey was selected for each of the concepts PM and PMO. These existing and tested maturity surveys were combined into a single survey. Some demographic information deemed applicable from the literature study was also included in the survey and distributed in a multi-round survey to medium sized organisations similar to the author's organisation, operating in the mining and energy sectors mainly. The current PM and PMO maturity of the organisations taking part in the survey were determined in round 1 of the survey. The required PM and PMO maturity were determined from the round 2 survey results that were completed after the respondents were provided with the round 1 survey statistically averaged maturity levels in an effort to reach a form of consensus amongst the respondents. The round 1 survey was distributed to 161 respondents (response rate of 53%). Round 2 was distributed to the 86 respondents that completed round 1 (response rate of 55%). From the survey results and literature study it was found that there is a definite increase in PM and PMO maturity required in order for medium sized consulting engineering organisations to deliver more successful projects in the mining and energy sector. It was also seen that the maturity levels required for both PM and PMO are not the maximum maturity levels possible. From the empirical study, a definite relationship between PMO and PM was confirmed and it was seen that generally an organisation with a PMO tends to have higher PM maturity levels. For a PMO to be successful, from literature it was seen that the PMO needs to adapt to the organisation and environment it functions in. It was also discovered that a PMO is successful if it reaches the goals it set for itself. The PMO also contributes by systematically and continuously improving and adapting the PM of the company to add the most value to both internal and external customers of the PMO. It is the researcher's opinion that the study is not representative of all medium sized consulting engineering organisations in SA and further research is required to determine industry specific PM and PMO maturity levels and to determine the resulting contribution a PMO can make in this regard. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

La forma como las organizaciones ejecutan sus estrategias pueden ser la diferencia entre el éxito y el fracaso en el logro de sus objetivos y para eso las estrategias se deben traducir a proyectos relevantes, ejecutables y medibles. Probablemente nuestras organizaciones ya funcionen bajo un esquema de proyectos y cuenten con profesionales en dirección de proyectos, pero con recursos limitados las organizaciones necesitan hacer más con menos, enfocarse en los proyectos que generen valor, ejecutar los proyectos de forma más eficiente y mejor controlados. El presente artículo desarrolla una propuesta para el diseño y despliegue de una Oficina de Dirección de Proyecto o PMO (Project Management Office) como apoyo para mejorar la dirección de proyectos de servicios de tecnología. / The way organizations execute their strategies can be the difference between success and failure in achieving their objectives such that the strategies must be translated into relevant, feasible and measurable projects. Many organizations already work in a project management environment and have project management professionals but organizations need to do more with their already limited resources, focusing on projects that generate value, executing projects more efficiently and better controlled. This article develops a proposal for the design and deployment of a project management office (PMO) as a way to improve project management in technology services.

The work deals with using Project Management Office when managing project portfolio. Theoretical part characterizes project from a perspective of project life cycle, staffing on project and project risks. Next it describes particular organizational levels of Project Management Office and activities that could be done by Project Management Office. Last but not least it provides overlook of maturity of project management in the Czech Republic. Practical part analysis on example of financial company the processes taking place in corresponding phases of a project. Next the processes of change management, risk management, project deliverables, quality assurance, reporting and budgeting are analyzed. At the end of this work the processes are evaluated and the steps for improvement are formulated.