Dans le cadre d'une étude transversale menée sur 202 patientes ménopausées et non ménopausées,les objectifs sont de démontrer l'existence d'un lien entre ménopause et altération de l'état de santé buccodentaire. D'évaluer l'action du THM sur la morbidité dentaire et «in fine» sur la mortalité dentaire.De préciser les liens entre santé bucco-dentaire et diverses pathologies générales et d'apprécier les liens entre psychisme et soma chez les femmes ménopausées. D'apprécier l'influence des biphosphonates sur l'état de santé parodontal.De placer l'étude des liens état bucco-dentaire- ménopause dans une optique sociétale et anthropologique.La ménopause a pour conséquence une altération du parodonte (p=0,003).Le THM a une action bénéfique sur le parodonte.L'effet biologique du diabète est drastique quant à la perte des organes dentaires (p=0,050).L'étude souligne l'influence «per se» d'un mauvais état bucco-dentaire pour la pathologie coronarienne (OR=1,214). De plus,évènements stressants,sècheresse buccale,pathologies ostéo articulaires,carence hormonale sont des facteurs diversement liés de la mortalité dentaire durant cette période. Par ailleurs, il est apparu que les femmes ayant été récemment traitées pour un cancer du sein développaient plus de caries dentaires (p=0,031 OR=2,161). L'étude met en évidence les effets des biphosphonates sur l'altération du parodonte (p=0,011) malgré la prise d'un THM (p=0,020).Un milieu socioculturel aisé contribueraient à la médicalisation du phénomène physiologique.Le fait de vivre seule influerait sur la perte des organes dentaires (p=0,035). Enfin,la pratique régulière d'un sport améliorerait l'état de santé orale (p=0,036). / In a cross-sectional study of 202 postmenopausal and premenopausal women,the objectives of this study are to demonstrate a link between menopause and altered state of oral health.To evaluate the action of HRT on dental disease and finally on the tooth mortality. To assess and clarify the relationship between oral health and various general diseases and links between psyche and soma in postmenopausal women.Also discussed was the influence of bisphosphonates on the state of periodontal health.Finally,it was decided to place the study links oral menopausal status in a social and anthropological perspective.It appears then that menopause results in an altered state of oral health,(p = 0.003).HRT has a beneficial effect on the periodontal disease.The biological effects of diabetes are related to dental mortality (p = 0.050). This study emphasize the influence "per se" a bad oral health status for coronary artery disease (OR = 1.214).In postmenopausal women, stressful events, dry mouth, joint and bone diseases, hormonal deficiency are factors variously related dental mortality during this period. Moreover, it was found that women who have recently been treated for breast cancer developed more dental caries (p = 0.031 OR = 2.161).The study related the effects of bisphosphonates on the alteration of periodontal (p = 0.011), despite taking HRT (p = 0.020).In addition,background socio-economic favored contribute to the medicalization of physiological phenomenon. The fact of living alone would affect the loss of dental organs (p = 0.035). Finally, the regular practice of a sport improve the state of oral health (p = 0.036).

Robotic soccer is a game like a real soccer but here the game is played by robots. The rules are the same, only there are few exceptions (foul, penalty kick, stalemate situation). Game is running without the human intervention. Just a human referee is supervising the game. Two teams are attending the game. Each of them has a control computer. The control computer is the brain of the game. It has a camera, it is making decisions for the next step of robots and sending them configuration data. The thesis deals with testing of communication interface and designs the new communication protocol for the next generation of the robots. The testing is provided by pocket pc Palm TX. It will send data over the Bluetooth interface to the control pc and will configure particular constants, like constants of PID regulator and an address of a robot. This will be provided by the IrDA interface.

Detta arbete har handlat om att få förståelse vad barn eftersöker för designfaktorer i en mobilapplikation, som ska vara ekonomiskt lärande och hjälpa barn att planera vecko-och månadspengen. Studien skulle resultera i ett designkoncept baserat på barnens egna behövande och önskade faktorer för en ekonomiskt lärande mobilapplikation. Anledningen till att utföra en sådan studie uppkom då svenska banker uppmärksammat att barn har det idag svårare att förstå pengars värde och planera budgeten. Samtidigt som kontanthanteringen har minskat används heller inte fickpengar i samma grad, vilket har tidigare bevisats vara en bra praktik att lära barn med. Således saknas det ett naturligt sätt för dagens barn att handskas med budgetering och lära sig pengarsvärde. Studiens syfte var därför att synliggöra dessa transaktioner genom att främja vecko- och månadspengen och barnens finansiella lärdomar i ett designarbete. Därmed blev frågeställningen: “Vilka designfaktorer prioriterar barn i en ekonomsikt lärande mobilapplikation”, vilket var tänkt kunna besvaras med hjälp av en skolklass med barn i elva till tolv årsåldern. Projektets syfte var att ha en hög användarinvolvering för att kunna få djupare insikter för barnens behov och även låta dem vara en del av designarbetet för att åstadkomma ett resultat de gillar. Teori som spelifiering användes och även en del normativa teorier som bygger sin teori på att försöka förändra eller främja ett visst beteende hos användarna, vilket i denna studie har valts att kallas för teorier inom social design. För datainsamlingsmetoder genomfördes tre primära insamlingar med en femteklass, där barnen fick delas in i tre grupper och genomföra varsin metod. Metoderna ämnade antingen att framkalla empiri om barnens ekonomiska och sociala tillvaro, samt låta dem generera egna designförslag och koncept för vecko-och månadsplanering. För att sedan analysera datan anpassades Tromp och Heckerts teoretiska modell som uppvisar ett sexfaldig process: från att definiera ett socialt fenomen, hitta problemområden inom den, använda strategier för att motarbeta och slutligen att framkalla ett designförslag. I denna modell integrerades studiens teorier för att kunna nyttja de strategier vid dataanalysen. Slutsatsen blev att barnen vill lära sig med spel, kunna personifiera innehållet, kunna känna igen sin skolidentitet i tjänstens kontext, illustrera information med olika diagram och där de visats ha en fascination för högteknologiska prylar, som också tros ge dem social status. Barnen visade sig vilja vara ansvarsfulla och kunna planera sin egna budget, men vill kunna såväl belönas, antingen med godis eller pengar, samt även med roande och underhållande upplevelser. Därmed resulterade detta i en prototyp för en mobilapplikation som är format utefter barnens önskade funktioner. / This work is about gaining insight for what kinds of design elements children search in a mobile application, aimed for learning economics and help them plan their budget. This study would result with a design concept based on children’s own needed and wished elements for an economic learning mobile application. The reason to start a project like this is because Swedish banks have noticed that children today have it difficult to understand money’s worth and plan their budget. While the card-transactions have been reduced on the market have also the use of pocket money been minimized, even though it have been proved to be a good way to teach children money’s worth. Thus, there is not a natural way of today’s kids to deal with their budget and learn money’s worth. The study’s purpose was to visualize these transactions by promoting children’s weekly and monthly allowance and their financial lessons in a design work. This made the question: “What design elements prioritize children in an economic learning mobile application”, which was supposed to be answered by a school class with children at age eleven to twelve. The projects purpose was to have a high user involvement for gaining deeper insight for children’s needs and also let them be apart of the design work to achieve a result they would like.  Theory like gamification was used and a couple normative theories based their theory to promote a certain behavior of the users, which in this study have been choosed to call them all for theories of social design. There were three primary methods for data collection methods with a class from fifth-grade, were the children was divided in three groups to complete each method. The methods were aimed to either induce data for the children’s economic and social statement and also let them generate their own design concept for weekly and monthly allowance. Tromp and Heckerts theoretical model was used to analyze the data, were their model was costume to match this specific study. The model is a six fold process: from defining a social phenomenon, find issues with the area, then use strategies to counteract the problems and with developing design proposals. The studies theories was integrated in this model so that it would be possible to make use of the strategies during the analyses. The conclusion was that children want to learning with games, to personalize the content, to recognize their school identity in the service, to illustrate the information with different charts and that they have a big fascination with high-tech gadgets, that also give them social status. The children showed that they want to be responsible for their own actions and budget, but they want also to be reward when they do something good. The reward should then be money or candy and they wanted to have amusing experience during education. Therefore this project was result in a prototype for / <p>Hoppas ni finner rapporten intressant och kontanta oss vid eventuella frågor!</p>

Diploma thesis focuses on the design of selected parts of precast concrete frame construction. Elements for design are prestressed girder, purlin, column, footing pocket and drilled pile. The calculation of internal forces was performed in a computational program SCIA Engineer 18. Check of the pile was performed in program GEO 5. Part of the thesis is a technical report and formworks drawing and reinforcement drawing. The construction is designed and assessed according to ČSN EN 1992 - 1 - 1.

Tesis por compendio / El presente proyecto de investigación está enfocado al desarrollo de sensores químicos fluoro-cromogénicos, para la detección y determinación de especies químicas de interés biológico, industrial y medioambiental de forma selectiva y con alta sensibilidad. En forma general, se busca el diseñar nuevos sistemas sensores basados en compuestos (receptores) formados por dos unidades: una unidad coordinante que interacciona con el anión a determinar y una unidad generadora de señal que alerta del reconocimiento molecular efectuado. Durante este estudio se están preparando diversas moléculas receptoras funcionalizandas con grupos modificadores de estructura para evaluar su influencia sobre las capacidades de detección y selectividad como receptores de especies específicas en diferentes condiciones y medios. Las diferentes aproximaciones en prueba implican a su vez el diseño y síntesis molecular, así como el análisis de las diferentes señales ópticas producidas en el reconocimiento, con el fin de diseñar sistemas de alta eficacia y eficiencia, y con posibilidades reales de aplicación. / Santos Figueroa, LE. (2014). New approaches for the development of chromo-fluorogenic sensors for chemical species of biological, industrial and environmental interest [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/43216 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

Given the general poor state of health care and the devastating effect of user fee, the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was instituted as a health financing policy with the main purpose to ensure universal access for all Nigerians. However, since NHIS became operational in 2005, only members of scheme are able to access health care both in the public and in private sectors, representing about 3% of Nigerian population. The thesis therefore examines the design and implementation policy of NHIS in Oyo state, Nigeria. Key design issues conceptual framework guides the analysis of data. The framework identifies three health interrelated financing functions namely revenue collection, risk pooling and purchasing. Data was collected from the NHIS officials, employees of the Health Maintenance Organisations (HMOs) and the Health Care Providers (HCPs) using key informant interview. In addition, in-depth interview and semi structure questionnaire were used to gather data from the enrolees and the nonenrolees. Empirical findings show that NHIS is fragmented given the existence of several programmes. In addition, there is no risk pooling neither redistribution of funds in the scheme. Revenue generated through contributions from the enrolees was not sufficient to fund health care services received by the beneficiaries because of the small percentage of the Nigerian population that the scheme covers. Further findings indicate that enrolled federal civil servants have not commenced monthly contribution to the NHIS. They pay 10% as co-pay in every consultation while federal government as an employer subsidised by 90%. Majority (76.8%) of the respondents agreed that they were financially protected from catastrophic spending. However, the overall benefit package was rated moderate because of exclusion of some priority and essential health care needs. Although above half (57%) of the respondents concurred that HMOs are accessible, in the overall, (47.6%) of the respondents were not satisfied with their services. In the case of the HCPs, majority (61.9%) of the respondents claimed that there is no excessive waiting time for consultation. Furthermore, (64.3%) rated their interpersonal relationship with the HCPs to be good. However, more than half of the respondents (54%) disagreed on availability of prescribed drugs in NHIS accredited health facilities. For the nonenrolees, findings show that most of the respondents (72.9%) were willing to enrol, but significant proportion (47.5%) indicated financial constraint as impediment to enrolment. / Sociology / D. Phil. (Sociology)

Non-monetary deprivation indicators are now widely used for studying and measuring poverty in Europe. However, despite their prevalence, the empirical performance of existing deprivation scales has rarely been examined. This thesis i) identifies possible conceptual problems of existing deprivation scales such as indexing, missing dimensions and threshold; ii) empirically assesses the extent of possible error in measurement related to these conceptual problems; and iii) offer an alternative way for constructing deprivation measures to mitigate the identified conceptual problems. The thesis consists of four stand-alone papers, accompanied by an overarching introduction and conclusion. The first three papers provide empirical evidence on the empirical consequences of the missing dimensions and threshold problems for the measurement and analysis of poverty, while the fourth paper exemplifies a concept-led multidimensional design that can reduce the error introduced by these conceptual problems. The analysis is generally held for 25 EU countries using European Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC); only in the second paper, the analysis is done for the UK using British Household Panel Survey (BHPS).

The subject of this master’s thesis is a solution of chosen parts of building construction project. The project solves industrial hall that contains productions and administrative space. This thesis includes technological regulations for substructure, study of performing the main technological stages, design of using machines, checking and testing plans. Other phrases parts are time schedules, budget, calculations, design of site equipment including engineering report and report for performing access road. Starting materials, which were used for this thesis, were engineering report also including working drawings.

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In this thesis I present new insights into aspects of Peter Guthrie Tait's life and work, derived principally from largely-unexplored primary source material: Tait's scrapbook, the Tait–Maxwell school-book and Tait's pocket notebook. By way of associated historical insights, I also come to discuss the innovative and far-reaching mathematics of the elusive Frenchman, C.-V. Mourey. P. G. Tait (1831–1901) F.R.S.E., Professor of Mathematics at the Queen's College, Belfast (1854–1860) and of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh (1860–1901), was one of the leading physicists and mathematicians in Europe in the nineteenth century. His expertise encompassed the breadth of physical science and mathematics. However, since the nineteenth century he has been unfortunately overlooked—overshadowed, perhaps, by the brilliance of his personal friends, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865) and William Thomson (1824–1907), later Lord Kelvin. Here I present the results of extensive research into the Tait family history. I explore the spiritual aspect of Tait's life in connection with The Unseen Universe (1875) which Tait co-authored with Balfour Stewart (1828–1887). I also reveal Tait's surprising involvement in statistics and give an account of his introduction to complex numbers, as a schoolboy at the Edinburgh Academy. A highlight of the thesis is a re-evaluation of C.-V. Mourey's 1828 work, La Vraie Théorie des quantités négatives et des quantités prétendues imaginaires, which I consider from the perspective of algebraic reform. The thesis also contains: (i) a transcription of an unpublished paper by Hamilton on the fundamental theorem of algebra which was inspired by Mourey and (ii) new biographical information on Mourey.