A doença periodontal é uma patogenia que afeta as estruturas de suporte dos dentes com formação da bolsa periodontal, e caso não tratada, em estágios mais avançados o periodonto é destruído, ocasionando perda do dente. O tratamento concerne em duas etapas, à remoção mecânica do biofilme e cálculo dentário por raspagem e alisamento radicular e utilização de antimicrobianos. Ainda é comum a utilização de antimicrobiano de ação sistêmica, embora, tenha eficácia reduzida e frequentes efeitos adversos. Em face disto, justifica-se o desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação sustentada de fármaco intrabolsa periodontal a fim de sanar os inconvenientes da terapia sistêmica. Contudo, aspectos como espaço anatomofisiológico e fluído gengival crevicular intrínsecos à bolsa, são limitações pertinentes durante o desenvolvimento. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver sistemas e formulações precursoras de fase líquido cristalina baseados em monolinoleato de glicerila (MLG) e cremophor (CREM) com gelificação in situ em fase líquido cristalina. Por meio de planejamento fatorial 32 foram obtidos 9 sistemas sem adição de fármaco e 9 formulações contendo metronidazol com diferentes razões de MLG/CREM e %H2O. Quando caracterizados por microscopia de luz polarizada e espalhamento de raios-X a baixo ângulo, os sistemas e formulações com menor razão MLG/CREM e conteúdos de água de 5, 10 e 15% apresentaram organização micelar isotrópica. Eles também apresentaram rápida erosão no ensaio de captação de água, inviabilizando sua transição para mesofase. Os sistemas e formulações com média e alta razão MLG/CREM e conteúdos de água de 5, 10 e 15% apresentaram coexistência de fases em transição líquido cristalina. Apresentaram rápida captação de água com transição para fase cúbica. Contudo, com exceção do sistema e formulação com alta razão MGL/CREM e 15% de água, os demais sistemas e formulações, apresentaram propriedades de fluxo ideais para fácil aplicação por seringa acoplada a agulha, e comportamento viscoelástico adequado para promover espalhabilidade e retenção no interior da bolsa. Os sistemas e formulações com média e alta razão de MLG/CREM apresentaram melhor mucoadesão. Dentre as formulações, apenas a com média razão de GML/CREM e 5% de água, apresentou perfil bi-modal de liberação mantendo concentrações de metronidazol acima do MIC por 6 dias, característica desejável para sistemas de liberação intrabolsa periodontal. Portanto, todos os resultados advogam a favor desta formulação como potencial candidata ao emprego clínico como sistema de liberação de fármaco intrabolsa periodontal. / Periodontal disease is a chronic infection that affects the structural supports of the tooth with periodontal pocket formation. If untreated, the periodontium may be destroyed, which can cause the tooth loss in the latest stages of the disease. The treatment for this infection comprises two stages, the mechanical removal of plaque and calculus by scaling and root planing and the use of antimicrobials. It is still common to use systemic antimicrobials, even though it has a reduced efficacy and frequent adverse effects. For the reason, justified the development of systems for sustained release of drug intra-pocket periodontal in order to solve the drawbacks of systemic therapy. The main limitations for the development of these systems are the anatomical and physiological aspects of the periodontal pocket, which includes the limited size and the depth area and the natural irrigate flow of the gingival crevice fluid (GCF). So, this study aimed to develop precursor liquid crystalline systems and formulations based on glyceryl monolinoleate (GML) and cremophor (CREM), with in situ gelation to liquid crystalline phases. Through a 32 factorial design 9 systems without drug and 9 formulations containing metronidazole were obtained. Different ratios of GML / CREM and water percentage were evaluated. When characterized by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Polarized Light Microscopy, lower ratio GML / CREM with 5, 10 and 15% H2O produce isotropic micellar organization. They also showed high erosion during water uptake, thus, precluding in situ crystalline transition. Medium and high ratio GML / CREM with 5, 10 and 15% H2O indicated the coexistence of regions in transition to the crystalline phase. They showed characteristic peaks of cubic phases, rapid water uptake, higher viscosity and increased mucoadhesion. Moreover, with the exception of the formulation containing high ratio and high water content, other systems and formulations with medium ratio GML / CREM and 5, 10, 15% of water and high ratio and 5 and 10% of water had flow properties ideal for easy application through needle fitted syringes, viscoelastic behavior appropriate to promote spreadability and might favor retention within the periodontal pocket. However, only the formulation with higher ratio and the lowest water content presented a bimodal release profile of metronidazole, maintaining concentrations above the MIC for 5 days, with the release of 100% of the drug added to the formulation. These are desirable features for delivery systems designed for periodontal pockets. Therefore, all results advocate in favor of the formulation with high ratio of GML / CREM and 5% of water as a potential candidate for clinical use as drug delivery system for the periodontal pocket.

Wireless is getting more important and popular because its convenience and portability make things easier. The goal of this project is to develop a mobile vehicle application called MOBILE USED CAR PRICES AND INFORMATION and this application will provide the prices and information for clients. The client can use their Palm handheld devices to read the prices and information whenever they want to check.

In the Morder-Client Food Service, a waiter/waitresses orders meals via a wireless handheld device. By reading the order items listed on the screen of a personal computer which is in a kitchen, the cook can make the correct dishes. This system can improve service quality and efficiency.

Orientador: Mauro Pedrine [Unesp] Santamaria / Resumo: A destruição periodontal resulta principalmente da resposta inflamatória exacerbada do hospedeiro frente ao desafio bacteriano. Por isso, pesquisas envolvendo a modulação da resposta do hospedeiro têm sido desenvolvidas com o objetivo de facilitar a resolução da inflamação, bem como promover reparação tecidual e estabilidade periodontal. Recentemente, o uso de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de ômega-3 (AGP Ω-3) e ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) foi relacionado à produção de mediadores lipídicos mais bioativos e à melhores resultados clínicos no tratamento de periodontite crônica. Desse modo, pesquisas envolvendo modulação das respostas inflamatórias de portadores de periodontite agressiva (PAg) podem ser de grande valia. Assim, o objetivo dos presentes estudos clínicos controlados randomizados foi avaliar a utilização da suplementação de 900 mg AGP Ω-3 e 100 mg de AAS por 180 dias como adjuvantes ao tratamento de PAg generalizada (PAgG). (1) Selecionou-se 38 pacientes com PAgG os quais receberam debridamento subgengival associado a AGP Ω-3 e AAS (n=19) ou placebo (n=19). Ambos os grupos apresentaram diminuição (p<0,05) em todos os parâmetros clínicos avaliados, bem como em IL-1β, sem diferença entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). O nível de TIMP-2 diminuiu significantemente no grupo controle, porém se manteve estável no grupo teste. Concluiu-se que a nova terapia proposta não trouxe benefícios clínicos no tratamento não-cirúrgico de PAgG. (2) Selecionou-se 34 pacientes com PAgG previa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) in Rwanda was promulgated as the best alternative to address the financial barriers for accessibility to health care services for the poor population and the informal sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CBHI reduce Out-of-pocket health expenses for their members as compared to non-members and to what extent CBHI provide financial protection for the poorest population. This research based itself on secondary source of data primarily collected for a prospective quasi-experimental design which evaluated the impact of Performance-Based Financing. The primary study had reported on the Out-Of-Pocket expenses for health by members and non-members of CBHI; residing in a sample of 1961 households; in addition to their demographics and socio-economic characteristics. The findings indicate that insured individuals were about 2.6 times more likely to utilize health care services than respondents without health insurance. It is also worth noting that households with health insurance coverage were less likely to experience a catastrophic health expenditure than households without health insurance (aOR: 0.744; 95% CI:[0.586 - 0.945]), and that the effect of health insurance coverage was higher in people living in poor households than in people living in middle or richer households / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

A complex regulatory framework underlies the generation of newborn neurons in the adult mammalian brain, including the lifelong maintenance of neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence and instructing NSC entry to and exit from quiescence. Future therapies targeting endogenous repair of the aging or afflicted brain, including neurodegenerative pathologies, rely on present efforts to define and characterize the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adult NSC fate. In this dissertation, we demonstrate a requirement for the Rb/E2F axis in the regulation of the molecular program instructing adult NSC quiescence and activation, with a potential role in the impaired hippocampal function observed in Alzheimer's disease pathology. While Rb plays a role in the production and survival of hippocampal newborn neurons, we identify a collective requirement for Rb family proteins — pRb, p107 and p130 — as well as their targets, E2F family transcriptional activators E2F1 and E2F3, in the regulation of NSC quiescence and activation. We further demonstrate that this is mediated through pivotal factors REST and ASCL1, identified as direct molecular targets of the Rb/E2F axis, and that REST inactivation can partially rescue NSC depletion following Rb family loss. We finally demonstrate impaired NSC activation and a return to quiescence in the 3xTG-AD model of Alzheimer's disease, with altered expression of Rb/E2F genes observed within cell population-specific defects. Ultimately, this work addresses the key issue of how transcriptional signatures of quiescence and activation among adult NSCs are co- ordinated with cell cycle control, and demonstrates that Rb family proteins serve as master regulators of the molecular program instructing adult NSC exit from and re-entry into quiescence.

Denna undersökning jämför en grupp personers perception av identiska bilder tagna med fyra olika filmkameror i olika prisklasser. En Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 4K(BMPCC4K), Sony PXW-FS7, RED ONE och Arri Alexa Mini. Testet jämför främst kamerornas möjlighet att reproducera hudtoner, färg, rörelse och dynamiskt omfång. Undersökningen använder sig av en kvalitativ intervjumetod där informanter reagerar på testbilder. Informanterna har ingen professionell erfarenhet av bildproduktion och representerar en konsument. Intervjuerna resulterade i att för det mesta var FS7 och Alexa favoriserade av informanterna i alla bilder förutom dynamiskt omfångtestet, där FS7presterade lite sämre än Alexa när det kom till att behålla detalj i både högdagrarna och lågdagrarna. Som slutsats kom undersökningen fram till att alla fyra kameror är bra verktyg för att spela in på men att FS7- och Alexa-kamerornas bilder ser bäst direkt ut ur kameran enligt informanterna.

Målet med studien är att med hjälp av multikriterieanalyser hitta platser i Gävle tätort att anlägga fickparker på. Till en början gjordes en litteraturöversikt som bland annat bidrog med uppfattningen om vad som är viktigt för fickparker och vilka kriterier som är användbara för att hitta platser att anlägga fickparker på. Utifrån denna uppfattning samt intervjuer valdes kriterierna. Kriterierna skapades i form av restriktioner och faktorer i programmet ESRI ArcGIS 10.2. Intervjuer genomfördes med tre sakkunniga personer. Respondenterna rangordnade och diskuterade kriterierna utifrån vad de ansåg var minst respektive mest viktigt vid anläggandet av fickparker. Rangordningarna blev underlag till viktning av kriterierna (enligt rank-sum-weights). En känslighetsanalys genomfördes också för att testa kriterierna mot fler uppsättningar av vikter. Resultatet av analyserna redovisas på tre kartor baserat på en egen rangordning samt respondenternas. Kartorna visar de bästa platserna att anlägga fickparker på enligt respektive rangordning. Skillnader finns mellan kartorna, men oavsett hur kriterierna rangordnades blev ungefär samma platser valda som de bästa att anlägga fickparker på. De tre bästa platserna som är gemensamma för alla tre rangordningar är alla lokaliserade på Norr (norr om Gavleån). Resultatet av analysen visade att platser som inte på förhand är uppenbara kan bli valda som lämpliga för fickparker. / The purpose of this study is to locate places in Gävle to create pocket parks in, using multi criteria analyzes. Initially a literature review was made that, among other things, contributed with an understanding of what is important to pocket parks and which criteria that is useful in order to locate places to create pocket parks in. The criteria were chosen based on that understanding and interviews. The criteria were produced in the form of constraints and factors in ESRI ArcGIS 10.2. Interviews were conducted with three experts in the field. The interviewees ranked and discussed the criteria based on what they considered to be least and most important in the creation of pocket parks. Weighting of the criteria was based on the gathered rankings (using rank-sum-weights). A sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the criteria against more sets of weights. The results from the analyzes are presented on three maps based on a self-made rank as well as the ones that the interviewees made. The maps show the best locations to create pocket parks in accordance to each rank. There are differences between the maps, but approximately the same locations are chosen as the best ones no matter how the criteria were ranked. The three best locations that the ranks have in common are all located in Norr (north of Gavleån). The results from the analysis demonstrate that locations that pre-analysis aren’t obvious can be chosen as suitable for the creation of pocket parks.

Unlike canonical phytochromes, the GAF domain of cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) can bind bilins autonomously and is sufficient for functional photocycles. Despite the astonishing spectral diversity of CBCRs, the GAF1 domain of the three-GAF-domain photoreceptor all2699 from the cyanobacterium Nostoc 7120 is the only CBCR-GAF known that converts from a red-absorbing (Pr) dark state to a far-red-absorbing (Pfr) photoproduct, analogous to the more conservative phytochromes. Here we report a solid-state NMR spectroscopic study of all2699g1 in its Pr state. Conclusive NMR evidence unveils a particular stereochemical heterogeneity at the tetrahedral C31 atom, whereas the crystal structure shows exclusively the R-stereochemistry at this chiral center. Additional NMR experiments were performed on a construct comprising the GAF1 and GAF2 domains of all2699, showing a greater precision in the chromophore–protein interactions in the GAF1-2 construct. A 3D Pr structural model of the all2699g1-2 construct predicts a tongue-like region extending from the GAF2 domain (akin to canonical phytochromes) in the direction of the chromophore, shielding it from the solvent. In addition, this stabilizing element allows exclusively the R-stereochemistry for the chromophore-protein linkage. Site-directed mutagenesis performed on three conserved motifs in the hairpin-like tip confirms the interaction of the tongue region with the GAF1-bound chromophor

Au Québec, il est mandatoire d’avoir une assurance médicaments soit privée ou publique. De plus, le coût d’un médicament a trois composantes : le prix de la molécule, la marge bénéficiaire du grossiste et l’honoraire du pharmacien. Les deux premières composantes sont fixes et déterminées par la Régie de l’assurance médicaments du Québec (RAMQ) pour les personnes couvertes par les régimes privés d’assurance médicaments ou le régime public d’assurance médicaments (RPAM). L’honoraire du pharmacien est déterminé par la RAMQ pour les personnes couvertes par le RPAM (entre 8,50$ et 9,49$) alors qu’il est librement déterminé par le pharmacien propriétaire pour les personnes couvertes par les régimes privés d’assurance médicaments ce qui donne lieu à des différences dans le coût des médicaments. Les objectifs de ce mémoire étaient d’estimer la différence de coût et des dépenses des médicaments entre les patients couverts par les régimes privés d’assurance médicaments et le RPAM au Québec. Afin de répondre aux objectifs, les ordonnances remplies entre le 1er janvier 2015 et le 23 mai 2019 ont été sélectionnées de reMed, une banque de données qui contient l’information sur les ordonnances remplies par d’un échantillon de Québécois. Des strates d’ordonnances de médicaments ont été créées afin d’avoir à l’intérieur de chaque strate le même médicament (même DIN), même quantité et durée prescrites, acheté à la même pharmacie avec la même Liste des médicaments de la RAMQ. Chaque strate d’ordonnances remplies par les patients couverts par un régime privé d’assurance médicaments a été appariée à une strate d’ordonnances remplies par des patients couverts par le RPAM sur les mêmes critères utilisés pour la stratification. Des modèles de régression linéaires ont été utilisés afin d’estimer la différence de coût et de dépenses entre les régimes privés d’assurance médicaments et le RPAM. Basée sur 38 896 strates (un total de 162 019 ordonnances), l’étude a montré que globalement le coût d’une ordonnance de médicament est en moyenne 9,35$ (95% CI: 5,58 ; 13,01) plus élevé pour les patients couverts par les régimes privés d’assurance médicaments que pour ceux couverts par le RPAM (62,34$ vs 52,99$). Quant aux dépenses des patients pour une ordonnance de médicament, les patients couverts par un régime privé d’assurance médicaments déboursaient 1,01$ (95% CI: -1,22 ; -0,80) moins que ceux couverts par le RPAM (6.94$ vs 7.95$). Cette étude a montré qu’en moyenne le coût des médicaments est plus élevé et que les dépenses sont légèrement plus faibles pour les patients couverts par les régimes privés d’assurance médicaments. Donc, ces résultats seront utiles pour les décideurs et les autorités gouvernementales lorsqu’ils prendront des décisions éclairées sur les modalités d’assurance au Québec. / In the province of Quebec, it’s mandatory to have a drug insurance either private or public. Also, drug cost in Quebec has three components: ingredient list price, wholesaler markup and dispensing fee. The first two components are regulated by the Prescription drug plan (PDP) and are the same for publicly and privately insured patients. The third component is fixed (between CAD$8.50 and CAD$9.49) and regulated by the PDP for publicly insured patients while it is determined freely by the pharmacy owner for privately insured patients. The objectives of this thesis were to estimate the average difference for both drug and out-of-pocket costs between patients covered by private drug plans and the PDP in Quebec. We used a sample of prescriptions filled between January 1st, 2015 and May 23rd , 2019 selected from reMed, a drug claims database of Quebecers. We created strata of prescriptions filled by privately insured patients based on the DIN, quantity dispensed, number of days of supply, pharmacy identifier and a date corresponding to a publication of RAMQ’s List of Medications. Then, we matched each stratum filled by privately insured patients with a stratum of prescriptions filled by publicly insured patients based on the same stratification criteria. The differences in drug cost and out-of-pocket expenses between private and public drug insurance were analyzed with linear regression models. Based on 38 896 strata of prescriptions (162 019 prescriptions in total), we observed that privately insured patients had to pay CAD$9.35 (95% CI: 5.58 ; 13.01) more on average per drug prescription than publicly insured patients (CAD$62.34 vs CAD$52.99), representing a difference of 17.6%. We also found that out-of-pocket expenses were on average CAD$1.01 (95% CI: -1.22 ; -0.80) lower per drug prescription for privately than publicly insured patients (CAD$6.94 vs CAD$7.95). This study showed that, on average, drug cost is substantially higher and out-of-pocket slightly lower for privately insured Quebecers. Knowing that adherence is affected by drug cost, these results will be useful to help public health authorities to make informed decisions about drug insurance policies.