D.Com. (Transport Economics) / Port charges in most of the ports in the world have evolved in a haphazard manner over many years. In recent years, competition between ports and the drive towards commercialisation and privatisation have necessitated the restructuring of the charges in many ports according to sound economic principles. The contention in this thesis is that the charges in South African ports can be restructured in accordance with such principles, provided the monopoly profits at present earned on wharfage are eventually foregone, but that revenue neutrality can be maintained during the phasing-in period. The existing tariffs for all South African ports are then restructured in accordance with the principles involved and examples of the port expenses of ship and cargo owners before and after the restructuring are given. While these examples prove the hypothesis, it is pointed out that conclusions cannot be simplistically derived from such comparisons, because the efficiency in the use of port land and the handling of cargo will increase as an outcome of the incentives to such efficiency, which the new charges will create.

The crustal thickness and P velocities in the Port Arthur, Ontario region of the Canadian Shield have been previously determined by seismic refraction techniques during the Lake Superior Experiment and Project Early Rise. In this study, the P phases of eleven teleseismic earthquakes recorded near Port Arthur have been studied by computing azimuths, angles of incidence, and spectral ratios to ascertain some crustal properties and compare these values with the refraction results. A P velocity at the surface of 6.1 ± .8 km/sec and a crustal thickness of 40 ± 5 km determined from the earthquakes are similar to but less precise than the refraction estimates of 6.3 km/sec and 38 km respectively. Transverse motions generated by the earthquake signal passing through the crust were observed and contributed to the uncertainty. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Le Contrôle Non Destructif (CND) hyperfréquence consiste à examiner un matériau de telle manière qu’à l’issue de ce contrôle, son utilisation future n’en soit pas affectée. Ce type de caractérisation est généralement réalisé au travers de la mesure des propriétés de réflexion ou/et de transmission du matériau sous test par un analyseur de réseaux vectoriel conventionnel. Cependant, ce type d’appareillage s’avère surdimensionné en termes d’éventail de mesure et donc de coût pour un usage hors laboratoire. Aussi, nous avons développé, dans une optique de faible coût, des systèmes basés sur la technique six-port. En particulier, dans ce travail, un double réflectomètre quatre-port est développé pour la mesure des paramètres de réflexion et de transmission d’un quadripôle passif dans la bande de 55 - 65 GHz. La proposition d’une instrumentation plus complète, intégrant les ressources matérielles et logicielles, permet d’entrevoir des développements de systèmes spécialisés dans le domaine de la caractérisation hyperfréquence. Ainsi, nous avons adjoint des solutions logicielles, basée sur les réseaux de neurones artificiels, pour le traitement des grandeurs mesurées, afin de satisfaire aux besoins d’une Évaluation Non Destructive plus quantitative. Enfin, dans le but d’effectuer des caractérisations de défauts dont les dimensions sont inférieures à la longueur d’onde, un microscope micro-ondes constitué du système millimétrique associé à une sonde à ondes évanescentes a été proposé. Cet ensemble permet de relever les variations en module et en phase du coefficient de réflexion du matériau sous test, de manière sans contact. / Non Destructive microwave Testing (NDT) consists in examining a material so that after testing, its future use is not affected. Such characterization is usually achieved through the measurement of reflection and/or transmission properties of the material under test by a vector network analyzer. However, this type of equipment is oversized in terms of measurements abilities and cost for a use outside the laboratory. In order to overcome this limitation, we have developed, with a view to low cost, systems based on the six-port technique. In particular, a dual four-port reflectometer is developed for the measurement of reflection and transmission parameters of passive devices in the frequency range of 55 - 65 GHz. In addition, we have proposed complete solution which integrates hardware and software resources allowing the development of specialized systems in the field of microwave characterization. The added software solutions, based on artificial neural networks contribute to satisfy the needs of a non-destructive, quantitative evaluation. Finally, in order to perform characterization of defects whose dimensions are smaller than the wavelength, a mm-wave microscope formed by the mm-wave system and associated with an evanescent wave probe has been proposed. This ensemble reveals changes in magnitude and phase reflection coefficients of the material under test, allowing non-contact measurements. ___________________________________________________________________________

The Port of Gulfport along with others on the Mississippi Gulf Coast experience large amounts of sediment deposition within their harbors and channels. The primary tool for sediment removal is dredging, which can be expensive and create downtimes in port operations. Research will study deposited material to determine its sources and suggest solutions for reduction of sediment deposition using structures, technologies and/or practices. Instruments used for such studies will be clam-shell dredges, Niskin tubes, and automatic samplers to test bed sediment gradation, suspended point sediments and tidal variations in suspended sediments, respectively. Additionally, fluid mud data will be retrieved from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ERDC. This combination of data will assist in the development of solutions for reducing sediment deposition within the port. Furthermore, research will be performed to compare the estimated throughput without dredging to throughput with dredging. This estimation will be shown in a simulated model.

Esta tese aborda o sistema portuário brasileiro com foco em seu modelo de planejamento e governança. São características deste sistema e configuram a problemática da pesquisa: excesso de planos portuários; planos não integrados; baixo nível de execução; excesso de instituições que administram o setor. O primeiro objetivo específico da investigação é fazer um diagnóstico e uma análise crítica da estrutura atual de governança com foco nas funções institucionais. O segundo objetivo é investigar o processo de planejamento portuário. O terceiro objetivo é propor uma nova estrutura de planejamento e governança portuária nacional. O método utilizado é o Estudo de Caso e o Delphi. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para uma sobreposição e duplicidade das funções de regulação, planejamento e fiscalização, entre as instituições e órgãos: EPL; DNIT; Secretaria Nacional de Portos; Autoridade Portuária; CAP; ANTAQ e Ministério dos Transportes, Portos e Aviação Civil. A consequência é a gestão fragmentada e ineficiente do sistema de transporte e logística portuária. O estudo de caso do Porto de Santos permitiu concluir sobre o processo de planejamento portuário: os planos portuários não possuem regularidade em sua atualização; existe uma descontinuidade dos planos portuários da CODESP; existe pouca efetividade na implantação; não existe integração real e efetiva entre os planos do Porto de Santos e os planos diretores dos municípios portuários; a autoridade portuária não possui recursos próprios, em especial recursos humanos, para o desenvolvimento dos planos; a centralização do planejamento portuário é prejudicial aos portos organizados e o planejamento está dissociado do processo de desenvolvimento regional. Sobre a governança, o estudo de caso permitiu concluir: a interferência política é a principal fragilidade; descontinuidade na gestão dificulta a implantação de projetos, programas e planos; não existe uma articulação efetiva entre CODESP, Governo Estadual e a Prefeitura de Santos e o CAP apenas consultivo é uma barreira à estruturação de uma governança efetiva. Os dois planos estratégicos nacionais mais importantes são o PNLT e o PNLP. Ambos apresentam características distintas. O PNLT representou a retomada do processo de planejamento estratégico nacional de longo prazo, possui método e resultados bem estruturados e justificados. Já o PNLP apresenta fragilidades metodológicas e de premissas. E apresenta duplicidade de objetivo já que parte do escopo de trabalho do plano também está presente no Plano Nacional de Logística Integrada. O terceiro objetivo foi a proposição da nova estrutura de planejamento e governança. Esta nova estrutura contempla os seguintes itens: aplicação do modelo de corporatização portuária; reformulação do CONSAD (Conselheiros profissionais, independentes e efetivos); retorno do caráter deliberativo do CAP; descentralização do planejamento portuário; todos os modais de transporte sendo administrados por um único ministério; extinção da EPL; reformulação do CONIT passando a ser o órgão desenvolvedor dos planos de transporte; manutenção das funções e características da ANTAQ; unificação do PDZ com o Plano Mestre e do PGO com o PNLP; e manutenção do modelo LandLord das autoridades portuárias. / This thesis approaches the port Brazilian system focusing on its plan and governance model. Features of this system are: excessive port plans; non-integrated plans; low execution level; excessive number of institutions which manage the sector. The investigation specific objective is to diagnosis and critically analyse the current governance focusing on the institutional functions. The second objective is to investigate the port planning process. The third objective is to propose a new national port plan and governance structure. The method is the Case Study and Delphi. The results show an overlapping and duplicity of regulation functions, plan and inspection among the organs: EPL; DNIT; Port National Secretary; Port Authority, CAP, ANTAQ and Transportation, Port and Civil Aviation Ministries. The consequence is the inefficient and fragmented management of the transportation system and port logistics. The case study of Port of Santos allowed the conclusion about the port plan process: The port plans are not regularly updated; there is no continuity for CODESP port plans; the implementation of these plans are not effective; There is no real integration between the Port of Santos plans and the master plans for the port cities; the port authority does not have own resources, specially human resources, for developing the plans; the centralisation of port plan is prejudicial to organized ports and the plan is dissociated from the regional development process. About the governance, the case study led to the conclusion: the political interference is the main fragility; the discontinuity on management makes it harder to implement the projects, programs and plans; it does not exist an effective articulation between CODESP, the Federal Government, State and the mayoralty of Santos and the only advisory CAP is a barrier for the structuration of an effective governance. The two most important strategic national plans are the PNLT and the PNLP. Both represent different features. The PNLT represented the resumption of strategic national plan; it has a good method and is well-structured and justified results. Regarding PNLP, it shows fragilities of premises and methodology. It also presents objective duplicity since part of the plan work scope is also present in the Integrated Logistic National Plan. The third objective was the proposition of the new governance and plan structure. This new structure contemplates the following items: port corporatization model application; CONSAD (professional, independent and effective workers Council) reformulation; reactivation of the deliberative feature of CAP; decentralization of the port plan; all the transportation models being managed by only one ministry; extinction of EPL; CONIT reformulation becoming a developing organ of the transportation plans; maintenance of functions and features of ANTAQ; PDZ and Master Plan unification as well as PGO and PNLP; maintenance of the Landlord model of the port authorities.

Cette thèse s'insère dans le programme du Centre F. Viète "Histoire comparée des paysages culturels portuaires" et porte sur la compréhension de l’évolution scientifique et technologique des ports de Brest (France), Mar del Plata et Rosario en Argentine à l’époque contemporaine. L’hypothèse de recherche est de considérer un port comme un macro-système technologique complexe dont l’évolution spatiotemporelle en tant qu'artefact s’inscrit dans une histoire des sciences et des techniques. Ces artefacts sont considérés comme indicateurs signifiants de cette évolution. L'objectif de cette thèse est de bâtir une histoire comparée des ports, de proposer et de valider de nouvelles méthodes de travail en humanités numériques. Pour satisfaire à ces objectifs, nous avons produit une histoire comparée des ports considérés. Puis, nous avons développé un modèle d'évolution de ces ports, appelé HST-PORT, à partir du métamodèle SHS, ANY-ARTEFACT. A partir du modèle HST-PORT, nous avons conçu une ontologie de référence, appelée PHO (Port History Ontology). Cette dernière est fondée sur l’ontologie CIDOC-CRM et en reprend donc le modèle évènementiel. Cette ontologie a été évaluée avec succès en reproduisant l’histoire comparée des ports considérés faites par des historiens. A terme, il s'agit de concevoir de nouveaux systèmes d'information fondés sur ces ontologies et le web sémantique pour indexer, publier et d'interroger des sources historiques afin de produire une histoire comparée. / This thesis is part of the F. Viète Centre's "Comparative History of Port Cultural Landscapes" programme and focuses on understanding the scientific and technological evolution of the ports of Brest (France), Mar del Plata and Rosario in Argentina in contemporary times. The research hypothesis is to consider a port as a complex technological macro-system whose spatial and temporal evolution as an artifact is part of the history of science and technology. These artifacts are considered as significant indicators of this evolution.The objective of this thesis is to build a comparative history of ports, to propose and validate new research methods in digital humanities. To meet these objectives, we have produced a comparative history of the considered ports.Then, we have developed a model for the evolution of these ports, called HST-PORT, based on the SHS meta-model ANY-ARTEFACT. Based on the HSTPORT model, we have developed a reference ontology, called PHO (Port History Ontology). The latter is based on the CIDOC-CRM ontology and therefore uses the corresponding event model. This ontology has been successfully evaluated by reproducing the comparative history of the considered ports made by historians. In the long term, it will be necessary to design new information systems based on these ontologies and the semantic web to index, publish and query historical sources to produce a comparative history.

Abstract Recently the competition among ports has become more severely. This may develop to a new stage of competition of port management as the negotiation of the marine to be restarted in the WTO. What kind of port services could be provided is very critical to those who operate and manage the port. It is important for them to think about how to evaluate and get into the newly opened market of port services. During the stage of organization reform of Kaohsiung port, especially if we could hold this chance, it may create a new development opportunity for Kaohsiung port. PSA group is operating its port in full service and integration; therefore, my research focus is on PSA group¡¦s performance using industrial organization model to analyze its operational environment, and collecting the investigation from ship owners, employees of Harbor Bureau, pilots and scholars. This is done so in regards to the important port services and management condition to come up the core competence of the port. The paper focuses on the investigation of Singapore, Hong Kong and Kaohsiung port to know the merit and analyze the SWOT of PSA¡¦s managing strategy by the statistics sign test. Then, using this concept of basic source model, to find PSA¡¦s management strategy, which upgraded its competition ability, and made the superior position to develop overseas business. ¡uWe can find the right way by other¡¦s experience.¡v, The experience of PSA¡¦s group is good for Kaohsiung Port.

Develop rapidly day by day along with economic trade system in the world, our country continuously looks for economic trade system and the way of improvement of system, with this promote our country is in the global economic trade system of competition ability. The region in Taiwan belongs to an island type nation in Pacific Asia region, it mainly trades contacts and import and export homework to still regard sea transportation conveyance as principle, and past results of the port homework and operation role also seem to be more important. Continuously developing in newly arisen port in all countries now is rising, how face port to quickly change and circulating of each industry trade, will be the main topic that promotes our country competitive advantage. Ports run by private capitals is now the world trend. This research summed up the future development of every international business port in Taiwan, and took Kaohsiung port as an example to explore the effects and achievements after the implementation of free trade zone. Because the policy of free trade zone has been implemented for a period of time in the neighbor countries of Pacific Asia, this study aimed to explore the definition of free trade zone as well as compare the similarities and differences of its implementation in other free trade zones in the world. According to the characteristics of free trade zone establishment, this research also analyzed the superiority and inferiority which Kaohsiung port encountered at the moment. Related strategies and suggestions were provided to enhance Kaohsiung port¡¦s competitiveness in Pacific Asia region based on the implementation and outcome of Kaohsiung Free Trade Zone. The findings were discussed and draw a conclusion as follows: 1) Kaohsiung port zone should develop the character of outside custom inside territory and create re-export business due to its limit interior region. 2) Accelerate to develop outside port zone, and set up value-added logistics port. 3) Cultivate professional sales managements; enhance effects on attracting and spreading business iii 4) Promote One-stop Window (Customer Service) to circulate goods freely inside the zone.

Over the last few years, peer-to-peer (P2P) applications have relentlessly grown to represent a formidable component of Internet traffic. In contract to P2P networks witch used well-defined port number, current P2P applications have use of arbitrary ports. As P2P applications continue to evolve, robust and effective methods are methods are needed for P2P traffic identification. Many P2P applications are bandwidth-intensive. Understanding the Internet traffic profile is important for several reasons, including traffic engineering, network service pricing. In this Thesis, we integrated port-based method into original Classifier which is using content-based method only. Therefore, we can improve the recognition rate for Classifier and identify more applications. We also verified our Classifier recognition rate by using the results of Service Control Engine.

The Purpose of the Dissertation is to analize and specify the capability of cargo flow forecasting in ports, through assessment and modelling the distribution of cargo flows throughout competitor ports, by considering certain factors that might cause considerable changes into ports or port environment.