Bibliography: leaves 92-96. / This dissertation examines the side by side existence of Popular Islam, or Muslim Common Religious Practices, with Official Islam in the Cape of today. Our task is thus primarily to identify the popular movement as no systematic documentation in this field has to date been attempted. Almost all approaches in Islamic Studies have concentrated an Official Islam and mostly from theological perspectives. In those works references to particular common beliefs and practices have been made and sometimes suggestively. Comparatively, however, much more, and perhaps methodologically not enough, has been done in Christian studies under the headings of Popular Religion, African Christology and very importantly, African Indigenous Church movements. The academic study of Islam, however, is still a relative novelty in South Africa and we suspect that the area of research into the popular movement may not gather momentum as rapidly as studies on the official movement. This apathy towards this "invisible institution" is attributable to the marginality it receives as a religious response.

No description available.

Preventing impairment of waterbodies requires control, reduction and interception of contaminant losses at the field and subwatershed level. Three specific research objectives were accomplished in this study: 1) compare the HSPF-predicted flow, sediment, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads resulting from simulation of spatially distributed site-specific and county-level disaggregated land use data at subwatershed and watershed levels, 2) evaluate the effects of site-specific and county-level disaggregated BMP data on modeled BMP responses in HSPF-predicted flow, sediment, TN and TP loads at the watershed level, and 3) analyze the long-term effects of the two spatial BMP datasets on achieving the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) goals for sediment, TN and TP. Site-specific data are derived from the local watershed inventory while disaggregated data are based on county-level aggregated data that are distributed to portions of river segments that intersect each county. The study site was the Upper Opequon Watershed in northern Virginia. Results for each research objective are as follows: (1) HSPF-predicted flow, sediment, TN and TP were higher using disaggregated land use data in subwatersheds at monthly and annual time-steps. (2) Predicted load reductions were higher with site-specific BMP data than with disaggregated data for the study watershed. (3) Current levels of cost-shared BMP implementation in the Upper Opequon Watershed using either site-specific or county-level disaggregated BMP datasets do not meet the Chesapeake Bay TMDL goals. Increasing BMP implementation level to 100% of the available land also failed to meet TMDL target goals. Generally, use of disaggregated land use data does not accurately represent the existing watershed conditions. Further, for the study watershed, use of disaggregated county-level BMP data poorly represented actual watershed conditions, which resulted in higher pollutant yields and higher levels of BMPs needed to meet water quality goals. The study suggests that site-specific land use and BMP data must be used during TMDL implementation planning to maintain credibility with local stakeholders and improve the accuracy of the developed implementation plans. / Ph. D.

Since colonial contact, settlers have been targeting the Indigenous female reproductive body. They attempted to severe the inherent connection between the Indigenous female body and the land through extreme resource extraction. This project investigates the impacts of colonization on Indigenous birthing practices and the current Indigenous birth resurgence happening within the colonial confines of Canada. In this context Indigenous birth resurgence is defined as the honouring and reclaiming of Indigenous teachings that support sovereignty over the Indigenous female body. This investigation is presented through semi-structured interviews with seven Indigenous birthworkers residing and practicing on Ktunaxa and Sinixt land. Three key themes were observed throughout these interviews the first being that each birthworker had a very hard time finding any traditional teachings surrounding birth from their communities due to colonization displacing this vital information, secondly all of the birthworkers had to go through Western Eurocentric education in order to be granted “qualifications” to practice birthwork, and finally each of the birthworkers stated that if Indigenous birth resurgence is fully realized it would have a profoundly positive effect on Indigenous families and Indigenous health in general.. The interviews and key findings are further investigated through a podcast entitled Reclaiming Birth in a Settler State / Graduate

"Human rights instruments have come a long way in the protection of women generally. This is evident in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and more specifically, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). At the regional level, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter) and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women (The Women's Protocol to the African Charter), have made commendable strides in protecting the rights of women in Africa. In all of these instruments, however, not much attention is devoted to certain specific categories of women. This generalization of the law has created a situation in which certain groups of women, such as widows, are not adequately protected from abuse. This unfortunate observation is further buttressed by the fact that issues concerning widows are rarely on the agenda of most international conferences. Interestingly, domestic legislation in many African countries, such as Uganda, have drawn inspiration from international human rigths instruments in protecting the rights of women. In many instances even widows seem adequately protected by national legislation. Ironically, the situation on the ground in most African countries will reveal that notwithstanding all these developments, the rights of widows are actually being violated with impunity. This is attributable to the fact that most African countries have multiple legal systems where there is an interplay of national statutory law, common law and customary law. The customary law recognizes traditional and cultural practices, which discriminate against women, and which in the final analysis negates all attempts by international, regional and national legislation that are geared towards the protection of the rights of women. This is evident from such practices as the customary inheritance practices and rites which widows are subjected to across the entire continent. This situation is further aggravated by the fact that most widows who bear the brunt of these discriminatory practices are those found in rural societies, where illiteracy is high and ignorance of law (particularly written law) is rife. Uganda, like most African states, has an impressive number of legislation that seeks to protect widows. However, empirical evidence as to what actually happens in reality proves that these laws are but mere words on paper that have no practical effect. The problem that this paper seeks to address is whether international, regional and indeed Ugandan domestic law have proven adequate in protecting widows in Uganda against derogatory, dehumanizing and discriminatory customary widowhood practices or rites." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Onoria, Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Cultural festivals have become a prominent topic of research because of their socio-economic value. However, thus far, limited research has been conducted on the more profound issue of the possible contribution of festivals towards constructing a cultural identity. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the role that one particular festival, the Lamu Cultural Festival, plays in constructing cultural identity, particularly when people from different cultural backgrounds are involved. Lamu in Kenya was chosen as the study area, due to its rich and unique cultural heritage, with the main aim of investigating whether the Lamu Cultural Festival is helping to preserve the cultural heritage of this area and/or to create a new Lamu identity. An anthropological approach was used to conduct the study on cultural identity. The research was conducted on the 14th annual Cultural Festival in Lamu, where the festival has taken place since 2001, after the Island was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The best way to understand another culture is to experience it first-hand by travelling to the destination, hence the use of participant observation for data collection. The dissertation looks at various debates regarding identity construction through cultural festivals. It also investigates the development of festival literature, festival tourism and the history of festivals. Cultural practices among the Aweer, the Bajuni, the Sanye and the Orma in Lamu, and these people's sense of cultural identity before the introduction of the Lamu Cultural Festival are also assessed, in order to understand the respective senses of cultural identity of these four indigenous groups involved in the festival. The Lamu Cultural Festival itself is also discussed in detail: the planning process, stakeholders and organisers, people's motivations for participating in the festival, festival items and their composition. The research findings may assist festival organisers in achieving a better understanding of the importance of involving indigenous communities in the planning process and possibly in achieving a Lamu identity over time. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MHCS / Unrestricted

This is a study about teacher education for diversity at the University of Namibia (UNAM), the only government university in the country that trains teachers. It is a response to changing classroom demographics in Namibia, as classroom composition has become more diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic class. These changes require teachers with knowledge on teaching for diversity. Namibia’s post-apartheid policy on diversity reflects international practices aimed at achieving Education for All. It advocates teacher education that is responsive to the country’s needs. However, little is known about how UNAM implements these government diversity goals. This research comprised an interpretivist case study of the way in which UNAM incorporates diversity issues into its Bachelor of Education (BEd) programme. I argue that teacher education for diversity should go beyond traditional teacher education programmes, thus requiring a special set of policies, curricula, and practices. The study draws on various academic readings and debates on diversity policies, curricula and teacher preparation practices and is grounded in social justice and constructivist principles. Twenty-three final-year Social Science student teachers were purposefully sampled for the study which entailed the perusal of pertinent documents, classroom observations, and interviews. Content analysis was used which involved coding, categorising and the development of themes. The findings revealed that the BEd programme lacks dedication in regard to diversity teaching due to Namibia’s absence of a national policy on diversity in relation to teacher education. Secondly, the BEd programme only partially equips student teachers with the competencies required to teach diverse learners. Lastly, it was found that the majority of student teachers’ classroom practices were not suited to diverse classrooms. Based on these findings, recommendations are made for improving the BEd programme. This study makes a contribution to knowledge on diversity policies. It argues that an educational institution cannot operate without national policies, and that institutions should respond to such policies through policies and curricula. It explains what a socio-cultural curriculum means in Namibian teacher education and demonstrates the way courses, teaching practice and teacher educators can contribute to holistic development for diversity. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Education Management and Policy Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

Orientador: Fernanda Rossi / Resumo: A Educação Infantil, primeira etapa da educação básica, tem como função promover à criança o desenvolvimento em todas as dimensões: física, emocional, cognitiva, social, artística, entre outras. A criança é partícipe e protagonista da sociedade e as descobertas de suas potencialidades (pessoais e sociais) fazem parte do seu desenvolvimento integral e relacionamento consigo mesma, com os outros, com o ambiente que a cerca e com os conhecimentos históricos e sociais. Neste contexto, a manifestação corporal do Yoga, com seus conhecimentos práticos e filosóficos, articulados aos conhecimentos e vivências da Educação Infantil, apresenta-se como uma possibilidade de ação pedagógica que contribui para a formação da criança. Esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral analisar um processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Yoga e o desenvolvimento do conhecimento de si e da autoestima da criança no contexto da Educação Infantil. Os objetivos específicos consistem em analisar as possibilidades de uma proposta de ensino e aprendizagem para a Educação Infantil, com os conhecimentos filosófico-práticos do Yoga, para a formação do conhecimento de si e da autoestima na infância; e subsidiar professores e professoras, mediante proposta de ensino e aprendizagem no formato de produto educacional/livro digital, para a inserção e o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas com Yoga na Educação Infantil. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvida em uma escola de Educação Infantil municipal d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Early childhood education, the first stage of basic education, has the function of promoting children's development in all dimensions: physical, emotional, cognitive, social, artistic, among others. The child is a participant and protagonist of society and the discoveries of his potential (personal and social) are part of his integral development and relationship with himself, with others, with the environment that surrounds him and with historical and social knowledge. In this context, the bodily manifestation of Yoga, with its practical and philosophical knowledge, linked to the knowledge and experiences of Early Childhood Education, presents itself as a possibility of pedagogical action that contributes to the formation of the child. This research has as general objective to analyze a teaching and learning process of Yoga and the development of the child's knowledge of self and self-esteem in the context of Early Childhood Education. The specific objectives are to analyze the possibilities of a teaching and learning proposal for Early Childhood Education, with the philosophicalpractical knowledge of Yoga, for the formation of self-knowledge and self-esteem in childhood; and subsidize male and female teachers, through a teaching and learning proposal in the format of an educational product / digital book, for the insertion and development of pedagogical practices with Yoga in Early Childhood Education. The research, with a qualitative approach, was developed in a municipal ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

PhD (African Studies) / Department of African Studies / This study explored Nyaluso ya vhana, the traditional child rearing practices in Vhavenḓa families. Child rearing practices are associated with culture, norms and beliefs of a group. However, due to modernisation and globalisation, community and family are concerned that child rearing influences are no longer closely connected to traditional practices, which poses a societal challenge. Furthermore, the positive aspects of traditional child rearing practices were never circulated. As a result, it appears to have no place in the contemporary child rearing practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the traditional child rearing practices in Vhavenḓa families. The intention was to establish if there are areas of traditional practices that were useful, and that should be promoted. A qualitative research design was used. Data collection was through one-on-one interviews with 16 participants. Results show that traditional Vhavenḓa child rearing practices entail the following: i). role modelling good behaviour, ii). Respect as an important ingredient of role modelling, iii). Perseverance as a virtue that was inculcated in children through various ways, iv). Participation in household chores, v). Taking a village to raise a child, vi). Traditional leaders helping the community in fostering culture and traditional child-rearing practices, and vii). Rituals and taboos as backbones in traditional child rearing practices. It was believed that the deliberate guidance and discipline-oriented practices, contributed to the positive child development and healthy citizenship. This study provided insights in the positive aspects of traditional Vhavenḓa child rearing practices. / NRF

Master of Public Health - MPH / The burden of malnutrition continues to persist and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. According to the results of the Zimbabwe Multiple indicator cluster survey in 2019, stunting remains high at (26.8%) and the leading form of malnutrition, affecting 1 in 3 children less than 5 years in Zimbabwe. Suboptimal feeding practices have been identified as one of the many causes of malnutrition. Various studies have shown that many risk factors of malnutrition can be addressed during the crucial first 1000 days of life. Cultural beliefs, values, and practices play a vital role in the pre and postnatal period. However, there is a knowledge gap in how culture influences the caregivers regarding feeding and dietary intake. Therefore, the study’s major aim was to explore the cultural beliefs and practices of caregivers of malnourished children between 6-24 months, regarding dietary intake and feeding practices in Gweru, Zimbabwe.