Based on the contract theorem, the thesis studies the wage structure of ¡uThe project of elite recruitment¡vin the industry of real estate in Taiwan.Try to build the model from the view of mechanism design explains why the industry of real estate in Taiwan have ¡uThe project of elite recruitment¡v.In the thesis, begins from the characteristics of Taiwan¡¦s real estate industry to explain the followings about the ¡uThe project of elite recruitment¡v. 1. The employers are willing to recruit and have trainings to those who have no related work experience in the industry of real estate. 2. In the training period, the employers pay the fixed compensation and do not take the incentive compensation as the optimal compensation. 3. The optimal compensation is higher than the reservation compensation in the training period.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the cooperation between two parts of the Swedish prison and probation service, the prison and the probation office. More specifically its aim was to find the attitudes and the different work models surrounding this cooperation. To find my result I had interviews with six probation officers in two probation offices in south of Sweden. My questions were general and I choose follow-up questions during the interviews. The analysis was based on a cooperation theory. The conclusions of the study were that there are work models that have been brought in by the head office of the organization, that does not work properly and they are not popular by the staff. This keeps the probation officers from having a good cooperation with the staff from the prisons. The probation officers also have some attitudes toward the prison staff that keeps them from having a good cooperation. These attitudes are clearly shown during the prison and probation service’s staff education and somewhat continues to show up during the probation officers every day work. These problems can be explained through the cooperation theory as a lack of perquisite for a good cooperation.</p>

Probation is only one of the alternative dispositions available to the court in sentencing an offender. The present study has two major parts, (a) It examined in detail the personal, social, and environmental characteristics of all adult males placed under the supervision of the British Columbia Provincial Probation Branch in the fiscal year 1955-56. (b) The relation of a group of selected characteristics to the outcome of the cases is explored, (i.e. whether or not they successfully completed the time period of probation prescribed by the court). Definition and description of probation introduces the study. The Canadian, and more specifically the British Columbia history and current picture of adult probation services is given. The present limited supply of probation facilities and the need to use this limited resource to best advantage is highly relevant. Material drawn upon for the survey of the 1955-56 probationers, (223 in all), included probation branch files, (particularly the social histories contained therein), correspondence with probation officers throughout the province and correspondence with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The variables selected for further analysis were: age at start of probation; marital status and number of dependents; nature of the instant offence; number of previous convictions and extent of incarceration; type of investigation carried out by the officer and the assessment of the offender's suitability for probation; and steadiness of employment while on probation. A short follow-up check on the offenders' post-probation success was carried out. The first product of the study is a descriptive profile of the probation clientele, giving a clearer picture of those who the service is set up to serve. Second, the relating of selected characteristics to outcome of case is a first step toward providing some limited predictive guides to assist the officer who is attempting to foresee how the offender will do on probation. The follow-up check served to balance what otherwise might be an unrealistically high success rate. The "profile" of probation clientele reveals that the group investigated appears not markedly different from the general population of British Columbia judged by place of birth, level of education, physical health, work habits and number of siblings. Some possible variations from the general British Columbia populace are noted in that the group may have contained a higher proportion of young people, persons with no dependents, single persons, unskilled workers, persona with a background of broken parental relationships, and in that all the group were males. The variables related to outcome of case that seem to be of greatest significance include: steadiness of employment while on probation, extent of previous criminal record, marital status, and nature of the instant offence. Of the 221 cases ending their probation period either successfully or unsuccessfully 185, (83.7 per cent), were successful. Of these 185 cases 77.3 per cent still had no new record of convictions when the follow-up check was completed in February, 1959. Several implications of the study are discussed. The need for adequate presentence investigation is stressed. The expansion of adult probation services in Canada is urged, -with a cautionary note that geographical and numerical expansion must not be substituted for quality in the services. The Federal Government can perhaps facilitate expansion of the service by intervening into the area of adult probation as a standard setting body. There is a need for a closer working relationship between the courts and welfare agencies, public and private. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

American bureaucracies are often assigned inconsistent goals, expectations, roles, and functions (Goodsell, 2004; Lipsky, 2010), exemplified in probation by Klockars’ (1972) classical dilemma of corrections that describes a punitive-rehabilitative dichotomy. A failure to prepare bureaucrats in corrections to address the classical dilemma this results in probation officers (POs) making decisions between and among competing options that consequently generally emphasize only one of the primary goals of probation (Ellsworth, 1990). This dissertation offers insight into and prompts rethinking of how corrections agencies prepare POs to address the classical dilemma. Few studies focus on how organizations educate POs to address the classical dilemma. This dissertation applies ethnographic content analysis to examine the messages communicated to correctional probation officers in the 95 lessons of the curriculum used by Florida Department of Corrections (FDC) to train new officers. To analyze the data and the meaning conveyed by the FDC I applied Saldana’s (2016) 5Rs framework of rules, routines, roles, rituals, and relationships. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.

Contemporary probation practice has come to be subject to the logic of risk. The rise in the logic of risk has led to significant changes in penal practices. Therefore, it is sociologically important to explore the recent research on the evolution and transformation of probation in Canada with regard to the logic of risk. The purpose of my research was to explore how the logic of risk has impacted and transformed probation objectives, and how it impacted the role of probation officers. Specifically, I wanted to explore how publications present the transformation of probation due to the logic of risk, the formation of new objectives for the system, the deployment of new practices and tools, and how these transformations and new objectives have changed the role of probation officers. To do this, it was determined that a critical literature review of published articles (both academic and government sources) would be the most appropriate data collection method. To analyze the data, an eleven-stage process to a hybrid thematic analysis was utilized. Through this analysis, four main themes were uncovered and explored using a governmentality framework. Objectives of probation as forms effective penal governance were presented, efficient governance through risk was demonstrated through resource allocation, and effective and efficient decision making is explored. It is hypothesized that risk logic leads to the use of heuristic strategies in probation officer decision making. In this thesis, I argue that we are in a phase of ‘new rehabilitationism’ that draws on notions of rehabilitation and reframes them under neo-liberal strategies for control through normalization. In addition to this, knowledge production of probation through the logic of risk is explored and the effects of knowledge/power and its implications for probationers outlined.

This dissertation examines probation for young people in Canada. Ninety percent of all young people sentenced in Canada receive a non-custodial or community sentence, with probation accounting for the majority (91%) of community supervision admissions (Munch, 2012). However, little is actually known about the judicial use of probation, the conditions that are imposed as a part of this sentence and, more importantly, what factors are associated with breaches of probation. Breaches of probation, have historically been and continue to be significant pathways back into the youth justice system, especially incarceration. Using informal social control theory (wider social processes – family, school and peers) and an integrated sites of oppression lens (an analysis of marginalized populations) this research explores the factors that influence the nature and extent of probation sentences and if there is disparity in the use of probation sentences for female and Aboriginal youth. This dissertation reports on a province-wide investigation of a sample of all Ontario youth sentenced to probation (N=6051) in 2005 and 2006, using data from the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services and the Ministry of Children and Youth Services. This research also explores a sub-sample of youth on probation who were charged with breach of probation (N=255) during the period of study. It appears judges use probation conditions as a means to mitigate informal social controls that may cause delinquency (e.g. poor parenting, school failure, delinquent peers). Little support was found for the hypotheses that girls would receive particular conditions (curfews, residence orders, non-association orders) because of gender bias. Girls were more likely to receive shorter sentences of probation, which is interesting given that they are more likely to be given probation for violent offences. An examination into the impact of race on probation sentences revealed the need for further investigation into judicial decision making with non-custodial sentences. Results of the analysis of the breach of probation data indicate that regardless of the commission of a new offence (in addition to a breach or breaches of probation) non-compliance with previous dispositions, like probation, remains a significant pathway back into the youth justice system. Girls, younger youth and Aboriginal youth are all more likely to be charged with breach of probation. Breaching conditions of probation may be unrelated to the original offence (for which the young person received probation) and may be connected to wider concerns about protection and social control. Marginalized youth, in particular, who breach probation, are significantly more likely to be charged by police and receive custody. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive understanding of probation and probation violations and broaden the scope of our knowledge of probation. This research adds both empirically and theoretically to the current body of research on youth sentencing in Canada.