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房屋貸款商品的選擇多樣化，房貸借款人想要用最低的成本攤還貸款而貸款的金融機構利用不同型態貸款商品的推出滿足不同的客戶使其利潤極大化。 有一種貸款商品的概念，藉由不同型態的設計吸引高風承受力及低風險承受力的借款，利用一些結構式商品設計的概念，將其每期利息支付重新連結到資本市場，利用不同參與率與分享比率的配置使其有機會提早還清貸款。 本文採用結構型商品的模型，利用極大值選擇權及蒙地卡羅等數值方法，模擬在不同商品契約下，未來可能提前清償還本的可能性。以此做為未來銀行等金融機構發行貸款商品時的參考方向。 / There are various types of mortgage products in the mortgage market. Borrowers always want to choose the best case to repay their mortgage loans, whereas lenders tend to maximize their profits by designing new mortgage products which seem to meet the needs of borrowers. Now we have a new design of mortgage products which can attract both high risk-bearing and low risk-bearing borrowers. In the first structure, the mortgage loan is in the form of a traditional fixed-rate mortgage loan with a mechanism which allows borrowers to re-invest their periodical interest payments into risky assets in the capital market. Therefore, borrowers can enjoy the chance to fully repay their mortgage loans if they gain profits in this mechanism. In contrast, borrowers could lose money if their re-investment amount suffers loss. In the second structure, like the fixed-rate mortgage loans, borrowers repay periodically based on the contract mortgage rates set in the initial time they borrow. What’s different is that we have a period where borrowers can accelerate their principal repayment if the asset pools have high rate of return. Besides, we do some scenario analysis based on the virtual contracts we set up and then discuss the potential effects on this mortgage product.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cross-functional knowledge conversion within Taiwanese high-technology small and medium-sized enterprise's (SME) new product development (NPD) teams. An analysis of 107 Taiwanese high-technology SMEs' management characteristics found a complex knowledge structure is better adopted for cross-functional knowledge conversion during the NPD period than existing or simple knowledge structure models. In addition, a Processual strategy moderated the relationships between organisational knowledge structures and four-all steps within knowledge conversion to knowledge transfer; in contrast, Classical strategy was shown only to have moderated effects during the planning and developing stage of the NPD period. Following Blackler's (1995) organisational theory, this study also found the socialisation and externalisation stages require both knowledge features from communication-intensive organisation and symbolic-analyst-dependent organisation within the NPD team's knowledge conversion. Knowledge features from a knowledge-routinised organisation are required at the combination stage; and finally, the knowledge features from an expert-dependent organisation are required at the internalisation stage. Observed strategies can be categorised as being Classical or Processual oriented (Whittington, 1993). This study describes how the strategy moderates the relationship between the organisational knowledge structures and the four knowledge-creation steps, socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation for NPD teams. Results showed that the requirement upon strategy differed among stages within the NPD period. During the transfer process, Processual strategy moderated the relationships between organisational knowledge structures and steps within conversion to knowledge transfer during the planning, developing, marketing and commercialisation stages of the NPD period even the negative moderating effects showed in some stages. In contrast, Classical strategy was shown only to have negative moderating effects during the planning and developing stage. Survey results also showed that the highly formalised communication model and periodic meetings advocated by Song et al (1996 & 2002) were gradually replaced by a bounded transfer and less formalised approach. However this study does not find that a consistent approach to strategy, using either PS or CS is likely to smooth the NPD process between marketing and R & D in high technology Taiwanese firms. It is possible that other schools, such as the Evolutionary or Systemic schools suggested by Whittington may fit more closely than the two tested in this study; and this will be the topic of further investigation. However, it is clear that different stages require contradictory processes and outcome routines; thus it is likely that conflict and inconsistency is actually the normal by-product of successful NPD's knowledge conversion.

The flexl.bility to change product and processes quickly and economically represents a significant competitive advantage to manufacturing organisations. The rapid rise in global sourcing, has resulted in manufacturers having to offer greater levels of customisation, thus a wider product range is essential to an organisation's competitiveness. The rate at which new products are introduced to the market has also increased, with greatly reduced development times being essential to a new product's market success. Hence there is a strong need to have a flexible manufacturing system such that new products may be introduced rapidly. These drivers have made the need for flexibility within manufacturing systems of great importance. However, there are many types of flexibility and to ensure that organisations correctly target these types of flexibility there is a need to measure fleXlbility, because, measuring fleXlDility allows manufacturers to identify systems which will improve their performance. This research, therefore, has focused on the development measures for two types of flexibility ie. mix fleXlDility and product flexibility. These represent the ability to change between the manufacture of current products i. e. mix flexibility and the ability to introduce new products i.e. product fleXlDility. In order to develop effective measures for these types of fleXlbility a conceptual model has been developed, which represents the current and potential future product range of manufacturing systems. The methodology developed for measuring mix and product flexibility has been successfully applied in two companies. These companies represent diverse manufacturing environments. One operates in high volume chemical manufacture and the other in low to medium volume furniture manufacture. Through applying this methodology in these two companies it has been demonstrated that the methodology is generic and can be used in a wide range of companIes.

In 2006, Baker reported the isolation of palmerolide A, a polyketide derived marine macrolide, from the Antarctic tunicate Synoicum adareanum collected in the shallow waters surrounding Anvers Island. This unique macrolide displayed potent levels of cytotoxic activity in the human melanoma cell lines (UACC-62, LC₅₀ = 18 nM and M14 LC₅₀ = 76 nM), while also inhibiting V ATPase with an IC₅₀ of 2 nM. There have been eight further palmerolides isolated from Synoicum adareanum, which have been shown to possess cytotoxicity activity. The synthetic route devised for palmerolide A, utilised a convergent approach relying on the initial synthesis of three subunits. These subunits were to be coupled via a Horner-Wadsworth Emmons reaction, a Julia-Kocienski olefination, then followed by formation of the macrolcycle. This approach offers both flexibility and convergence, as alterations to the subunits would give access to other members of the palmerolide family and their analogues such as palmerolide E.

Nesta dissertação estudamos o espectro dinâmico para fluxos 'skew-product' em um fibrado de Banach. Apresentamos uma caracterização para a existência de dicotomia exponencial para tais fluxos e provamos que esta não é destruída sob pequenas perturbações. A dicotomia discreta é uma ferramenta muito útil nesta análise.