• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 3
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desempenho e conformidade de biossorventes produzidos a partir de res?duos florestais e sua aplica??o no tratamento de cromo de efluente industrial de galvanoplastia

Santos, Fernanda Abreu dos 06 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:59:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 451351.pdf: 4610584 bytes, checksum: 7eaa5f03071c1e8bf740f642f617913b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-06 / The removal of chromium from effluents is usually done by chemical precipitation. Although relatively simple and economical, this process produces a large amount of sludge and furthermore, it may be necessary to apply a final polishing of the effluent to attain the emission limits. The treatment process by adsorption is an alternative method for removing metals, which conventionally is used the activated carbon, however this method is costly and can unfeasible your use. Thus, the main objective of this study is to develop a method suitable for use of forest residues from araucaria, pine and eucalyptus as biosorbents chromium from electroplating industrial effluent. The biosorbents used in the tests were prepared and characterized in powder form unwashed, powder subjected to washing and its aqueous extracts. The concentrations of Cr(VI) and Cr(III), as well as parameters of conformity were analyzed before and after treatment. The biosorption tests were performed in batch, continuous and mixed system (batch followed by mixed system), with dilute solutions containing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and also with the effluent. The final destination of chromium adsorbed on solids was also studied. The results show that the method of biosorption, employed in this study, has the ability to remove chromium solutions / effluent, attain environmental limits. The pine is distinguished as the best biosorbent total chromium and eucalyptus produces the best extracts to reduce Cr(VI). Incineration is the most viable alternative for recovery of chromium adsorbed on biosorbents. The low cost, quantity and ease of preparation of biosorbents attending the conformities of use, should be taken into account when comparing feasibility of application. / A remo??o de cromo de efluentes geralmente ? feita atrav?s da precipita??o qu?mica. Embora seja relativamente simples e econ?mico, esse processo gera grande volume de lodo, e em alguns casos, ? necess?ria a aplica??o de um polimento final do efluente para atingir os limites de emiss?o. No processo de tratamento por adsor??o, para a remo??o de metais, convencionalmente ? utilizado o carv?o ativado, entretanto ? de alto custo e pode inviabilizar seu uso. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho ? desenvolver um m?todo apropriado para uso dos res?duos florestais oriundos da arauc?ria, pinus e eucalipto como biossorventes de cromo de efluente industrial de galvanoplastia. Os biossorventes usados nos testes foram preparados e caracterizados sob forma de p? n?o lavado, p? submetido ? lavagem e seus extratos aquosos. As concentra??es de Cr(VI) e Cr(III), bem como par?metros de conformidade, foram analisados antes e ap?s o tratamento. Os testes de biossor??o foram realizados em batelada, fluxo cont?nuo e sistema misto (batelada seguido de fluxo cont?nuo), com solu??es dilu?das contendo Cr(VI) e Cr(III) e tamb?m com o efluente industrial. Tamb?m foi estudada a destina??o final do cromo adsorvido nos s?lidos. Os resultados apontam que o m?todo de biossor??o, empregado neste estudo, tem capacidade de remover cromo das solu??es/efluente, atendendo os limites ambientais. O pinus destaca-se como o melhor biossorvente de cromo total e o eucalipto produz o melhor extrato para a redu??o do Cr(VI). A incinera??o ? a alternativa mais vi?vel para recupera??o do cromo adsorvido nos biossorventes. O baixo custo, a quantidade e a facilidade de prepara??o dos biossorventes atendendo as conformidades de uso, devem ser levados em conta na compara??o de viabilidade de aplica??o.
2

Efeito dos herbicidas atrazina, glifosato e quinclorac sobre a composi??o bioqu?mica, a peroxida??o lip?dica e a sobreviv?ncia de girinos de Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)

Dornelles, Michele Flores 13 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448420.PDF: 5410555 bytes, checksum: 401d310c66a1a101524060e44f490893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-13 / The Twentieth Century is marked by numerous technological advances, a fact that allowed related sectors to food, health and agriculture have evolved rapidly. However, such improvements are linked to the use of compounds chemically synthesized by exposing humankind and the environment to harmful compounds, with components often unknown (Oga, 2003). Agricultural chemicals are commonly used in plantations worldwide, in order to avoid crop damage (Moreira et al., 2002). These applications are justified by the fact that a percentage around 10% of the crop is eventually lost because of pests in general, therefore, the use of agrochemicals is related not only for economic reasons, but also technical and social (M?dio and Martins, 1997) ... (continua) All research protocols used in this work were authorized by the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul Animal Research Ethics Committee with registration number CEUA 11/00250, as set forth in approval letter number 157/11- CEUA, December 2011. / O s?culo XX ? marcado por in?meros avan?os tecnol?gicos, fato este que permitiu com que setores como os relacionados ? alimenta??o, sa?de e agricultura rapidamente evolu?ssem. Contudo, tais melhorias est?o atreladas a utiliza??o de compostos quimicamente sintetizados, expondo o homem e o meio ambiente a compostos nocivos, com propriedades muitas vezes desconhecidas (Oga, 2003). Qu?micos agr?colas s?o comumente utilizados em planta??es no mundo todo, com a finalidade de evitar danos ?s colheitas (Moreira et al., 2002). Estas aplica??es se justificam pelo fato de que uma porcentagem em torno de 10% das safras acaba sendo perdida em raz?es de pragas em geral, portanto, o uso de agroqu?micos est? atrelado n?o s? a raz?es econ?micas, mas tamb?m t?cnicas e sociais (M?dio e Martins, 1997) ... (continua) Todos os protocolos de pesquisa utilizados neste trabalho foram autorizados pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisas Animais da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande com n?mero de registro CEUA 11/00250, conforme estabelecidos pela carta de aprova??o 157/11- CEUA, Dezembro 2011.
3

Monitoramento da rea??o de transesterifica??o atrav?s da integra??o de dados de m?ltiplos sensores

De Boni, Luis Alcides Brandini 09 November 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 444965.pdf: 19735321 bytes, checksum: 848931c529752f1baa29108987cfc311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-09 / Biodiesel is a synthetic fuel usually produced by the transesterification reaction. This study was undertaken to monitor the kinetics of the transesterification reaction between soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by potassium methoxide. A series of reactions was monitored with a laser spectrometer used to analyze the absorption and scattering of light in real-time. The objectives of this study aimed to determine when the reaction came in chemical equilibrium. This objective was achieved by observing an arbitrary time interval, experimentally obtained from the graph of electrical resistance versus time, allowing optimize reaction time, by using a monitoring system that combined the information received through multiple sensors. Determine if the optical phenomenon observed during the reaction could be described by Euclidean geometry and whether it was related with the internal conical diffraction. It was found that it is not related to the internal conical diffraction, however, depending on the scale applied to observe the optical phenomenon it can be described by the Euclidean geometry. The goal of developing analytical instrumentation was achieved by constructing a non-invasive laser spectrometer. / O biodiesel ? um combust?vel sint?tico, geralmente produzido a partir da rea??o de transesterifica??o. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para monitorar a cin?tica da rea??o de transesterifica??o entre o ?leo de soja e o metanol, catalisada por met?xido de pot?ssio. Uma s?rie de rea??es foi monitorada com um espectr?metro laser, utilizado para analisar a absor??o e o espalhamento da luz em tempo-real. Os objetivos deste trabalho visaram determinar quando a rea??o entrou em equil?brio qu?mico. Atingiu-se este objetivo atrav?s da observa??o de um intervalo arbitr?rio de tempo, obtido experimentalmente a partir do gr?fico da resist?ncia el?trica em fun??o do tempo, permitindo otimizar o tempo de rea??o atrav?s da utiliza??o de um sistema de monitoramento que combinava as informa??es recebidas atrav?s de v?rios sensores. Determinar se o fen?meno ?ptico observado durante a rea??o poderia ser descrito pela geometria Euclidiana e se o mesmo tinha rela??o com a difra??o c?nica interna. Constatou-se que o mesmo n?o apresenta rela??o com a difra??o c?nica interna, por?m, dependendo da escala utilizada para observar o fen?meno ?ptico, ele pode ser descrito pela geometria Euclidiana. O objetivo de desenvolver instrumenta??o anal?tica foi alcan?ado atrav?s da constru??o de um espectr?metro laser n?o invasivo.

Page generated in 0.0248 seconds