Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 463170.pdf: 740690 bytes, checksum: 9dba9e0a16f1d45607760959a7972ac1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / OBJECTIVES : To assess the association between fluid management and the occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants. To investigate prenatal conditions (as corticosteroid and intrauterine growth restriction) and postnatal conditions (as surfactant and patent ductus arteriosus) as possible risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage in premature infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS : A retrospective case-control study was conducted through analysis of medical records, in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil, including the period between 2003 and 2013. All infants with birth weight less than or equal to 1000 g who developed a clinical picture of massive pulmonary hemorrhage were eligible for the study. Infants without pulmonary hemorrhage, at the same range of weight and/or gestational age, born consecutively to each case, were selected as controls. RESULTS : Fifty-six preterm infants, 28 cases and 28 controls, participated in the study. Patients with pulmonary hemorrhage had higher in-hospital mortality, occurring 23 deaths (82.1%), when compared with controls, who had 12 deaths (42.9%) (p=0.006). Intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed in 12 of 28 cases (48%) and in four of 28 control patients (14%) (p=0.01). Diuresis in the second day of life was lower in the pulmonary hemorrhage group (2.5 mL/kg/h) compared with controls (3.5 mL/kg/h) (p=0.019). In the group of cases, reduction of the infused volume was associated with the outcome: of the 21 patients who had fluid restriction, 15 (71.5%) survived to pulmonary hemorrhage, whereas all patients in whom the reduction in volume was not performed had pulmonary hemorrhage-related death (p=0.003). Volume reduction associated with the use of diuretic was also associated with lower risk of death from pulmonary hemorrhage: in 14.2% of those who used this combination and 69.2% of those who did not use, death due to pulmonary hemorrhage occurred (p=0.006). These results suggest that fluid retention may be associated to the occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage and that the management with infused volume restriction and diuretic administration shortly after the start of pulmonary hemorrhage can be effective in reducing mortality. / OBJETIVOS : Avaliar a associa??o entre o manejo h?drico e a ocorr?ncia de hemorragia pulmonar em rec?m-nascidos prematuros de extremo baixo peso. Investigar condi??es pr?-natais (como uso de corticoide e restri??o do crescimento intrauterino) e p?s-natais (como uso de surfactante e persist?ncia do canal arterial) como poss?veis fatores de risco para hemorragia pulmonar em prematuros. PACIENTES E M?TODOS : Foi realizado um estudo tipo caso-controle retrospectivo, por meio da an?lise de prontu?rios, na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, abrangendo o per?odo entre 2003 e 2013. Todos os rec?m-nascidos com peso de nascimento de 1000 g ou menos que apresentaram quadro cl?nico de hemorragia pulmonar maci?a foram eleg?veis para o estudo. Rec?m-nascidos sem hemorragia pulmonar, da mesma faixa de peso e/ou idade gestacional, nascidos consecutivamente a cada caso, foram selecionados como controles. RESULTADOS : Participaram deste estudo 56 rec?m-nascidos prematuros, sendo 28 casos e 28 controles. Os pacientes que tiveram hemorragia pulmonar apresentaram maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar, ocorrendo 23 ?bitos (82,1%), em compara??o aos controles, que totalizaram 12 ?bitos (42,9%) (p=0,006). Hemorragia intracraniana foi diagnosticada em 12 dos 28 casos (48%) e em quatro dos 28 controles (14%) (p=0,01). A diurese do segundo dia de vida foi menor no grupo com hemorragia pulmonar (2,5 ml/kg/h) em compara??o aos controles (3,5 ml/kg/h) (p=0,019). No grupo de casos, a redu??o do volume h?drico infundido associou-se ao desfecho: dos 21 pacientes que tiveram restri??o h?drica, 15 (71,5%) sobreviveram ? hemorragia pulmonar, enquanto todos os pacientes em que n?o foi realizada a redu??o de volume tiveram ?bito relacionado ? hemorragia pulmonar (p=0,003). A redu??o de volume associada ao uso de diur?tico tamb?m foi associada a menor risco de morte pela hemorragia pulmonar, sendo que em 14,2% dos que usaram essa combina??o e em 69,2% dos que n?o usaram, ocorreu ?bito devido ? hemorragia pulmonar (p=0,006). CONCLUS?ES : Os resultados sugerem que a reten??o h?drica pode estar associada ? ocorr?ncia de hemorragia pulmonar, e que o manejo com restri??o de volume infundido e administra??o de diur?ticos, logo ap?s o in?cio da hemorragia, pode ser efetivo na redu??o da mortalidade.