Development and optimisation of a robust energy yield prediction methodology is the ultimate aim of this research. Outdoor performance of the PV module is determined by the influences of a variety of interlinked factors related to the environment and device technologies. There are two basic measurement data sets required for any energy yield prediction model. Firstly, characterisation of specific PV module technology under different operating conditions and secondly site specific meteorological data. Based on these two datasets a calculation procedure is required in any specific location energy yield estimation. This research established a matrix based multi-dimensional measurement set points for module characterisation which is independent of PV technologies. This novel approach has been established by demonstrating an extended correlation of different environmental factors (irradiance, temperature and spectral irradiance) and their influences on the commercial PV device technologies. Utilisation of the site specific meteorological data is the common approach applied in this yield prediction method. A series of modelling approach, including a tri-linear interpolation method is then applied for energy yield calculation. A novel Monte Carlo simulation is demonstrated for uncertainty analysis of irradiance (pyranometer CM 11) & temperature (PT 1000) measurements and ultimately the yield prediction of c-Si and CIGS modules. The degree of uncertainties of irradiance is varies from ??2% to ??6.2% depending on the level of monthly irradiation. The temperature measurement uncertainty is calculated in the range of ??0.18??C to ??0.46%??C in different months of the year. The calculated uncertainty of the energy yield prediction of c-Si and CIGS module are ??2.78% and ??15.45%. This research validated different irradiance translation models to identify the best matched model for UK climate for horizontal to in-plane irradiance. Ultimately, the validation results of the proposed Fast Energy Yield Calculation (FEnYCs), shows a good agreement against measured values i.e. 5.48%, 6.97% and 3.1% for c-Si, a-Si and CIGS module respectively.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη και κατασκευή ενός μετατροπέα συνεχούς τάσης σε εναλλασσόμενη (αντιστροφέας) που προορίζεται για τη σύνδεση ενός φωτοβολταϊκού πλαισίου στο δίκτυο χαμηλής τάσης. Η εργασία εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Αρχικά, παρουσιάζονται, συνοπτικά, πληροφορίες για τη φωτοβολταϊκή τεχνολογία και για τους τρόπους διασύνδεσής τους με την κατανάλωση ή το δίκτυο. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται αναφορά στον αντιστροφέα της διπλωματικής εργασίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μελετάται ένας διαφορικός αντιστροφέας τύπου boost, ένα χαρακτηρισμό που τον οφείλει στην δυνατότητα, να επιτευχθεί μέσω αυτού εναλλασσόμενη τάση εξόδου με ενεργό τιμή μεγαλύτερη της συνεχούς τάσης εισόδου. Ο μετατροπέας αυτός αποτελείται στην ουσία από δύο επιμέρους μετατροπείς dc-dc τύπου boost, με τη συνδυασμένη λειτουργία των οποίων επιτυγχάνεται η επιθυμητή μετατροπή. Η ονομαστική ισχύς για την οποία πραγματοποιείται ο σχεδιασμός του μετατροπέα είναι ίση με 250W. Με δεδομένα τα μεγέθη ρευμάτων και τάσεων, καθώς και των κυματώσεων στα ρεύματα των πηνίων και στις τάσεις των πυκνωτών, υπολογίστηκαν οι τιμές των στοιχείων, βάσει των οποίων έγιναν οι προσομοιώσεις. Κατόπιν, δοκιμάστηκαν σε προσομοίωση διάφορες μορφές ελέγχου του αντιστροφέα, με μόνη ικανοποιητική αυτή του έλεγχου με ολίσθηση στο πεδίο καταστάσεων. Αυτός ήταν και ο έλεγχος που τελικά επιλέχθηκε για τη διάταξη που μελετήθηκε, γι’ αυτό και γίνεται αναλυτική περιγραφή του ελέγχου αυτού. Λόγω των απαιτήσεών του αποφασίστηκε ο έλεγχος να υλοποιηθεί χωρίς χρήση μικροελεγκτή, αλλά με χρήση αποκλειστικά ολοκληρωμένων αναλογικών κυκλωμάτων. Ακολουθεί η περιγραφή της διαδικασίας σχεδίασης και κατασκευής του μετατροπέα που έγινε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας και παρουσιάζονται τα επιμέρους στοιχεία και οι συνδεσμολογίες που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Τέλος, περιγράφονται τα πειράματα που πραγματοποιήθηκαν και παρατίθενται τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν, αποδεικνύοντας την ορθή λειτουργία της διάταξης. Επίσης, εξάγονται τα ανάλογα συμπεράσματα. / In this diploma thesis, a Power Inverter in order to connect an Alternating Current-Photovoltaic (AC-PV module) to the low voltage grid is analyzed, designed and manufactured. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Electrical and Mechanical Energy Conversion at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of Patras, Greece. At first, some data and information concerning the photovoltaic technology are presented as well as the connection modes of a PV system or module. Secondly, the operation and structure of the inverter is described. Specifically, a differential output boost inverter is examined, the title of which is derived from its ability to produce an output voltage larger than the input voltage. In fact, this converter consists of two boost dc-dc converters, the combined operation of which achieves the desirable operation of the inverter. The nominal power of the inverter is chosen to be equal to 250W. Depending on the expected values of the currents and voltages, as well as on the ripple voltages of the capacitors and the ripple currents of the inductors, the component values were calculated. The following step was to simulate the operation of the converter under different control techniques. The only control method with satisfying results which was eventually applied to the inverter was the sliding mode control, so it is extensively described. Due to its requirements, this control technique was implemented without using a microcontroller, but only using analog integrated circuits. The design and implementation of the inverter is then described along with the selected components and some individual circuits. Finally, the results of the conducted experiments are presented, the good operation of the setup is confirmed and the related conclusions are derived.

abstract: This is a two-part thesis. Part 1 of this thesis investigates the influence of spatial temperature distribution on the accuracy of performance data of photovoltaic (PV) modules in outdoor conditions and provides physical approaches to improve the spatial temperature distribution of the test modules so an accurate performance data can be obtained in the field. Conventionally, during outdoor performance testing, a single thermocouple location is used on the backsheet or back glass of a test module. This study clearly indicates that there is a large spatial temperature difference between various thermocouple locations within a module. Two physical approaches or configurations were experimented to improve the spatial temperature uniformity: thermally insulating the inner and outer surface of the frame; backsheet and inner surface of the frame. All the data were compared with un-insulated conventional configuration. This study was performed in an array setup of six modules under two different preconditioning electrical configurations, Voc and MPPT over several clear sunny days. This investigation concludes that the best temperature uniformity and the most accurate I-V data can be obtained only by thermally insulating the inner and outer frame surfaces or by using the average of four thermocouple temperatures, as specified in IEC 61853-2, without any thermal insulation. Part 2 of this thesis analyzes the field data obtained from old PV power plants using various statistical techniques to identify the most influential degradation modes on fielded PV modules in two different climates: hot-dry (Arizona); cold-dry (New York). Performance data and visual inspection data of 647 modules fielded in five different power plants were analyzed. Statistical tests including hypothesis testing were carried out to identify the I-V parameter(s) that are affected the most. The affected performance parameters (Isc, Voc, FF and Pmax) were then correlated with the defects to determine the most dominant defect affecting power degradation. Analysis indicates that the cell interconnect discoloration (or solder bond deterioration) is the dominant defect in hot-dry climate leading to series resistance increase and power loss, while encapsulant delamination is being the most dominant defect in cold-dry climate leading to cell mismatch and power loss. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2015

abstract: Potential induced degradation (PID) due to high system voltages is one of the major degradation mechanisms in photovoltaic (PV) modules, adversely affecting their performance due to the combined effects of the following factors: system voltage, superstrate/glass surface conductivity, encapsulant conductivity, silicon nitride anti-reflection coating property and interface property (glass/encapsulant; encapsulant/cell; encapsulant/backsheet). Previous studies carried out at ASU's Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory (ASU-PRL) showed that only negative voltage bias (positive grounded systems) adversely affects the performance of commonly available crystalline silicon modules. In previous studies, the surface conductivity of the glass surface was obtained using either conductive carbon layer extending from the glass surface to the frame or humidity inside an environmental chamber. This thesis investigates the influence of glass surface conductivity disruption on PV modules. In this study, conductive carbon was applied only on the module's glass surface without extending to the frame and the surface conductivity was disrupted (no carbon layer) at 2cm distance from the periphery of frame inner edges. This study was carried out under dry heat at two different temperatures (60 °C and 85 °C) and three different negative bias voltages (-300V, -400V, and -600V). To replicate closeness to the field conditions, half of the selected modules were pre-stressed under damp heat for 1000 hours (DH 1000) and the remaining half under 200 hours of thermal cycling (TC 200). When the surface continuity was disrupted by maintaining a 2 cm gap from the frame to the edge of the conductive layer, as demonstrated in this study, the degradation was found to be absent or negligibly small even after 35 hours of negative bias at elevated temperatures. This preliminary study appears to indicate that the modules could become immune to PID losses if the continuity of the glass surface conductivity is disrupted at the inside boundary of the frame. The surface conductivity of the glass, due to water layer formation in a humid condition, close to the frame could be disrupted just by applying a water repelling (hydrophobic) but high transmittance surface coating (such as Teflon) or modifying the frame/glass edges with water repellent properties. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.Tech Engineering 2012

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T18:26:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 amandaschelgshornpereira.pdf: 8164581 bytes, checksum: bff8551485b4df0fe3e5788333e7a8b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:07:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amandaschelgshornpereira.pdf: 8164581 bytes, checksum: bff8551485b4df0fe3e5788333e7a8b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:07:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amandaschelgshornpereira.pdf: 8164581 bytes, checksum: bff8551485b4df0fe3e5788333e7a8b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Devido à redução dos custos de produção no mercado internacional e pelo incentivo ao uso racional dos recursos energéticos, as tecnologias fotovoltaicas apresentam inúmeras possibilidades e boas oportunidades de inovação. Neste sentido, este trabalho é baseado em pesquisa experimental, tendo por objetivo o projeto de um brise-soleil com a utilização de placas fotovoltaicas. Nesta proposição, busca-se aumentar a eficiência energética do módulo fotovoltaico ao se inserir aletas para dissipação de calor. Isto favorece ao resfriamento da superfície posterior do módulo melhorando seu desempenho energético. Para isto, foi realizada revisão detalhada da literatura; identificação das tecnologias utilizadas atualmente; e utilização de software específico para projeto de produto: prototipagem virtual. O processo de projeto foi orientado por metodologia específica da área de desenvolvimento de produtos. Os conceitos elaborados foram validados e ranqueados através do matriz de decisão e por meio de simulação virtual em modelador tridimensional com capacidade de análise de protótipos virtuais. O componente para dissipação de calor foi experimentado em laboratório com auxílio de câmera termográfica, para o registro de variações de temperatura. O brise-soleil fotovoltaico foi projetado em conformidade com o módulo fotovoltaico de modelo SX 120 U da empresa BP Solar. Posteriormente, o projeto foi aplicado em estudo no prédio da Justiça Federal no município de Juiz de Fora (MG). Este estudo foi norteado pelo método prescritivo RTQ-C (2010) – (Requisitos Técnicos da Qualidade para Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviço e Públicos), onde foi realizada a avaliação da eficiência energética da edificação em sua situação atual, e na situação hipotética, após a experimentação virtual do brise-soleil fotovoltaico na fachada norte. Por fim, destaca-se a colaboração do trabalho para a proposição de soluções que combinam conforto ambiental e eficiência energética em edificações. / Due to the reduction of production costs in the international market and the rational use of energy resources, photovoltaic technologies present many possibilities and good opportunities for innovation. In this sense, this work is based on experimental research, aiming to design a brise-soleil with the use of photovoltaics. In this proposal, we seek to increase the energy efficiency of PV modules by inserting fins for heat dissipation. This favors the cooling of the rear surface of the module improving their energy performance. For this, detailed literature review was conducted; and use of specific software to product design; and virtual prototyping. The design process was driven by a specific methodology in the area of product development. Developed concepts were validated and unranked through the specific decision matrix and through three-dimensional virtual simulation modeler. The component for heat dissipation was tested in the laboratory with the aid of thermographic camera to record temperature changes. Importantly, the brise-soleil PV was designed in accordance with the PV module SX 120 U model company BP Solar. Subsequently, the project was applied to study at the Federal Court building in the city of Juiz de Fora (MG). This study was guided by prescriptive RTQ - C (2010) method, where the rating of the energy efficiency of the building in its current state was performed, and in the hypothetical situation, after the virtual trial brise-soleil PV on the north facade. Finally, there is the collaborative work in proposing solutions that combine environmental comfort and energy efficiency in buildings.

Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies for mitigating the effect of climate change. Reliability of PV modules directly impacts the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), which is a metric for cost competitiveness of any energy technology. Further reduction in LCOE of PV through assured long term reliability is necessary in order to facilitate widespread use of solar energy without the need for subsidies. This dissertation is focused on frameworks for assessing reliability of bypass diodes in PV modules. Bypass diodes are critical components in PV modules that provide protection against shading. Failure of bypass diode in short circuit results in reducing the PV module power by one third, while diode failure in open circuit leaves the module susceptible for extreme hotspot heating and potentially fire hazard. PV modules, along with the bypass diodes are expected to last at least 25 years in field. The various failure mechanisms in bypass diodes such as thermal runaway, high temperature forward bias operation and thermal cycling are discussed. Operation of bypass diode under shading is modeled and method for calculating the module I-V curve under any shading scenario is presented. Frameworks for estimating the diode temperature in field deployed modules based on Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data are developed. Model for predicting the susceptibility of bypass diodes for thermal runaway is presented. Diode wear out due to High Temperature Forward Bias (HTFB) operation and Thermal Cycling (TC) is studied under custom designed accelerated tests. Overall, this dissertation is an effort towards estimating the lifetime of bypass diodes in field deployed modules, and therefore, reducing the uncertainty in long term reliability of PV modules.

Polyethylenvinylacetat (EVA) ist das in der kristallinen Silizium Photovoltaik am häufigsten eingesetzte Einbettmaterial. Aufgrund der Applikation von Solarmodulen unterliegt das Polymer Alterungsmechanismen, die zu Änderungen oder Verlust wichtiger Eigenschaften führen können. Folge sind typische Fehlerbilder wie Delamination oder Yellowing, die zu Leistungsverlusten oder Modulausfällen führen können. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss von Umweltparametern (Temperatur, Feuchte, UV-Strahlung) und Stabilisatoren auf die Alterung von EVA-Folie zu untersuchen und damit einen Beitrag zur Identifikation der zugrundeliegenden Fehlermechanismen zu liefern. Dazu wurden sowohl Folien mit definierter und variierender Additivierung als auch kommerzielle Folien künstlichen Bewitterungstests unterzogen und die Änderungen verschiedener Eigenschaften analysiert. Dazu zählt die Haftung an der Grenzfläche EVA-Glas, das Transmissionsverhalten und die Farbänderung der Folie. Darüber hinaus wurden alterungsbedinge Änderungen an der chemischen Struktur von EVA und den Stabilisatoren mittels FTIR-Spektroskopie und GC/MS-Messungen erfasst. Bei den untersuchten Additiven handelte es sich um ein organisches Peroxid (Vernetzer), einen Haftvermittler auf Silanbasis, einen UV-Absorber aus der Gruppe der Hydroxybenzophenone, ein Arylphosphit als Antioxidant und einen bi-funktionellen Stabilisator, das sogenannte HALS (hindered amine light stabilizer). Im Rahmen der Arbeit ist es gelungen Ursache-Wirkungs-Zusammenhänge zwischen der Folienadditivierung und dem Auftreten verschiedener Fehlerbilder zu identifizieren. Darüber hinaus war es möglich eine Folienzusammensetzung zu definieren, die die bestmögliche Stabilität beim Einsatz von EVA als Einbettmaterial bieten sollte.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Rad se bavi problemom smanjenja proizvodnje<br />električne energije fotonaponske elektrane u<br />uslovima promenljivog zračenja. Predlaže se novi<br />metod analize rada u uslovima senčenja putem makro- i<br />mikrorekonfiguracije FN polja, koja povećava<br />proizvodnju električne energije.</p> / <p>The paper presents the problem of reducing electricity<br />production of PV power plant under variation of solar<br />radiation conditions. The author proposed a new method of<br />analysis PV power plant works under partial shading<br />condition trough micro- and macroconfiguration of PV array.</p>

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη, την ανάλυση και την κατασκευή μιας καινοτόμας τοπολογίας μονοφασικού αντιστροφέα για τη διασύνδεση φωτοβολταϊκών γεννητριών, μικρής ισχύος, με το ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο των αστικών περιοχών. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Στα πλαίσια του θεσμού της πρακτικής άσκησης, ένα τμήμα της εκπονήθηκε στην τεχνική εταιρία Πάραλος Α.Ε. Σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι συμβολή της στη μελέτη των νέων τεχνολογιών στον τομέα των φωτοβολταϊκών (Φ/Β) μονάδων διεσπαρμένης παραγωγής, λαμβάνοντας υπόψιν τις υψηλές θερμοκρασίες λειτουργίας που μειώνουν δραστικά την διάρκεια ζωής των ηλεκτρολυτικών πυκνωτών και συνεπώς των ίδιων των μετατροπέων. Επί του πρακτέου διερευνάται και κατασκευάζεται μια βελτιωμένη εκδοχή του υψίσυχνου μονοφασικού αντιστροφέα ρεύματος βασιζόμενου στην τοπολογία Flyback. Η βελτίωση αφορά την ενσωμάτωση ενός κυκλώματος αποσύζευξης της ισχύος, που εξομαλύνει το ρεύμα εισόδου αναιρώντας την ανάγκη χρήσης ηλεκτρολυτικού πυκνωτή τόσο στην είσοδο, όσο και στο κύκλωμα αποσύζευξης αυξάνοντας έτσι τη διάρκεια ζωής του μετατροπέα, καθιστώντας τον με αυτόν τον τρόπο κατάλληλο για εφαρμογές «Φωτοβολταϊκών Πλαισίων Εναλλασσόμενου Ρεύματος» (AC-PV Modules). Ο συγκεκριμένος αντιστροφέας έχει προταθεί στη διεθνή επιστημονική βιβλιογραφία και στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αναλύεται κατά κύριο λόγο η μεθοδολογία κατασκευής του ώστε να διευρευνηθεί η λειτουργία και η απόδοσή του Αρχικά έγινε μια διεξοδική θεωρητική ανάλυση και μελέτη των καταστάσεων λειτουργίας του αλλά και της συνολικής συμπεριφοράς του βελτιωμένου αντιστροφέα ρεύματος τοπολογίας Flyback. Με την εμπειρία που αποκτήθηκε στην διάρκεια της πρακτικής άσκησης, ακολούθησε η συσχέτιση των παραμέτρων του αντιστροφέα και η επιλογή αυτών ώστε να ανταποκριθεί στις προδιαγραφές που τέθηκαν και να ανταπεξέλθει στα δεδομένα του ηλεκτρικού δικτύου της Ελλάδας. Το επόμενο βήμα ήταν η προσομοίωση της τοπολογίας σε ηλεκτρονικό υπολογιστή με ειδικό πρόγραμμα προσομοιώσεων ηλεκτρικών κυκλωμάτων (PSpice). Επιβεβαιώθηκε η λειτουργία του, έγινε ο βέλτιστος σχεδιασμός και τέλος πραγματοποιήθηκε ο κατά το δυνατόν ακριβέστερος υπολογισμός των απωλειών στα διάφορα στοιχεία ώστε να γίνει ορθή επιλογή των ημιαγωγικών στοιχείων του μετατροπέα. Τέλος, έγινε η κατασκευή του αντιστροφέα με πυκνωτή αποσύζευξης της ισχύος και επιβεβαιώθηκε πειραματικά η ορθή λειτουργία του για διάφορες συνθήκες λειτουργίας. Έπειτα συγκεντρώθηκαν μετρήσεις, αφ’ ενός μεν για την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με την απόδοση, αφ’ ετέρου δε για σύγκριση με τα αναμενόμενα θεωρητικά αποτελέσματα. / This diploma thesis deals with the study, analysis and implementation of a novel single phase inverter which is used for the interconnection of small photovoltaic (PV) generators with the electric utility grid of urban regions. This work was conducted in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras. The diploma thesis was also partially conducted within the internship at the engineering company Paralos S.A. This project pertains to the sector of Dispersed Power Generation PV systems, especially to Alternating Current Photovoltaic Modules (AC-PV Modules) systems in which a low power dc-ac utility interactive inverter is individually mounted on a PV module. Taking into account that the lifetime of the ac module inverter is shortened because it operates under very high atmospheric temperature, an improved Flyback-type single phase high frequency current source inverter is proposed. The improvement relies on the integration of a power pulsation decoupling circuit which aims at input current smoothing without using electrolytic capacitors and enables employment of film capacitors with small capacitance not only for the dc input line but also for the decoupling circuit. The additional circuit is expected to extend the lifetime of the inverter since the use of electrolytic capacitors under a high temperature environment drastically shortens their life.The proposed inverter circuit has already been presented in the international scientific community but the current thesis mainly analyzes the implementation methodology and investigates the inverter’s performance and behavior. Initially, a thorough theoretical analysis was made on the flyback-type utility interactive inverter’s operation and its circuit configuration. Subsequently, analytical mathematical equations were developed to describe the relationships between the parameters of the proposed inverter. Using these equations, the electric components were selected, as to meet up with the Greek electric utility grid specifications. The next step is the simulation of the topology, which was performed by a specialized on electric circuit simulation computer program (PSpice). The proper behavior of the simulated circuit was confirmed and the precise losses of the components were calculated through the program. Regarding this fact, the components were selected for an optimal design of the inverter. Last but not least, the Flyback-type current source inverter with decoupling capacitor was constructed and its operation was experimentally confirmed. Also, measurements of the inverter’s performance were collected.

Dans un contexte de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de raréfaction des ressources fossiles et fissiles, l'énergie solaire est l'une des sources d'énergie les plus prometteuses. La quantité d'énergie renouvelable dans le futur paysage énergétique dépend de sa disponibilité, de son coût et de son niveau d'efficacité. Plusieurs enjeux limitent actuellement le développement de l'énergie solaire. Parmi eux, l'élévation de la température des cellules induit une dégradation du productible d'environ 12% dans le cas général. En dépit de ce constat, la structure actuel des modules PV n'a pas variée depuis sa création dans les années 70. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les facteurs d’impact qui gouverne l'élévation de la température du module PV en vue d’identifier les moyens de la réduire de manière significative. Un modèle multi-physique est construit pour prédire le comportement du module dans les conditions environnementales de production. Le modèle thermique est basé sur la radiation en milieu semi-transparent. Cette caractéristique conduit à déterminer les équations généralisées de Fresnel pour les milieux absorbants. Cela nous autorise à déterminer la caractéristique spectrale et angulaire de l’émissivité du verre. Le modèle de couplage optique-thermique-électrique est comparé aux mesures en conditions réelles et est capable de prédire le comportement du module sur une période de vingt-quatre heures. Le modèle est en mesure d’évaluer le gain obtenu en optimisant les composants du module. Une étude paramétrique identifie enfin les différentes améliorations permettant d’obtenir une réduction de la température de fonctionnement des modules PV. Cette thèse inclut un état de l'art (chapitre 1), une étude du transfert de chaleur radiative à l'échelle du module PV (chapitre 2), la description détaillée du modèle multiphysique (chapitre 3), l'étude du module PV au travers de la modélisation (chapitre 4), une étude paramétrique (chapitre 5) et une conclusion (chapitre 6). / In the context of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil and fissile resources depletion, solar energy is one of the most promising sources of power. The amount of renewable energies in the future energy mix depends on their availability, on their cost and on their level of efficiency. Various issues still limit the development of the solar energy. Among them, the temperature elevation into the module induces an efficiency degradation of 12% in standard cases. In spite of this statement, the actual solar module structure has not changed since its creation in the seventies, and the technologies are still evaluated at room temperature. The objective of this thesis is to study the impact factors which govern the module temperature elevation in order to identify ways to apply a significant reduction. A multi-physics modeling is built in order to predict the module behavior depending on the environmental conditions. The thermal modeling is grounded on the radiation into participating media. This feature leads to the determination of generalized Fresnel equation for absorbing media. It allows us to determine a spectral and hemispherical value of the glass emissivity. The optical-electrical-thermal modeling has been compared to measurement in real conditions and is able to predict the module behavior over a one-day period. It allows the evaluation of the gain obtained by optimizing the module components. A parametrical study identifies several improvements to lower the module operating temperature. The PhD work includes a state-of-the-art study (chapter 1), a study of the radiation heat transfer at PV module scale (chapter 2), the details of the multiphysics modeling (chapter 3), the study of the PV module through the modeling (chapter 4), a parametrical study (chapter 5) and a conclusion (chapter 6).