Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a treatment method that involves inhalation of 100% oxygen, and under higher pressure than the atmospheric. Blood has the ability to deliver more oxygen authorities. Treatment takes place in facilities called the hyperbaric chamber. During treatment, patients must adhere to certain principles that are given by the doctors and nurses working in these workplaces.The main objectives of this thesis were to map the influence of preparation on the course of treatment in a hyperbaric chamber and to determine how the patients are instructed by nurses during treatment in the hyperbaric chamber. Three research questions were set up to clarify how the preparation affects the patient during treatment in a hyperbaric chamber, as the patient is educated before treatment and what output the patient receives after leaving the hyperbaric chamber. In order to fulfill the objectives qualitative research methods were done, using a semi structured interview. The survey was conducted in two selected hospitals, in the České Budejovice Hospital, and at the University Hospital Plzeň - Lochotin. An individual, semi-structured interview was used as data collection technique, which was initially recorded on a cell phone and then transcribed into written form. At the beginning of the research interviews were conducted with nurses, who gave a comprehensive view of their job description. These conversations only complement the research. We included the brochure with basic information in our research and that was supplemented by information obtained from these interviews. The sample included patients treated in a hyperbaric chamber. They were subsequently divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of chronic patients, the second subgroup of patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the first time and who got the booklet with background information before their first exposure and in the third were also new patients but who were given a booklet after their first exposure. The survey was conducted in January and February 2015. Analyzed data formed four categories. Careful preparation of the patient is an essential part of treatment in a hyperbaric chamber, largely because of the specificity of this treatment, which consists mainly of placing the patient in an enclosed space, the need for a breathing mask and the inability to quickly leave the hyperbaric chamber without health risks. Therapy in a hyperbaric chamber alone is, in compliance with the indication, contraindication and dosing schedules and well-executed preparation, relatively safe and simple. From the above mentioned reasons it is necessary that the nurses in the area are sufficiently educated and that the patient who enters the hyperbaric chamber is properly prepared. Nurses educate each patient just before their first exposure, but also before every following one. There is very much information given to patients during preparation for entry into a hyperbaric chamber. The research showed that almost all the respondents had difficulty to remember all the details. Nurses tell them about hyperbaroxy essence, indications, contraindications, the exposure pattern, they select a breathing mask with them, and teach the patients to equalize the pressure in their ears, check their clothes and what they have with them. The nurses also check whether they are greased with creams, makeup and other cosmetics, and in the case of wounds if they are treated using a moist treatment instead of greasy. Before each exposure, the patient is asked about their health (a cold is a contraindication), their blood pressure is measured and the necessary nasal drops are applied. Precisely because of the considerable amount of information that patients get at their first exposure, we decided to include the booklet, which contains basic information for patients who are treated in a hyperbaric chamber for the first time, in our research.

There are still large migrations of populations taking place, which are also reflected in the Czech healthcare system. The number of patients cared for foreigners from various close and distant countries is increasing. Currently, there is an increasing number of foreigners, mostly from Arab countries. This is partially due to the current political situation in these countries. The theoretical part is divided into several sections. The first section deals with the Arab states. The last section of this chapter explains the history of Arab healthcare. Another section focuses on Muslims in the Czech Republic, The next chapter describes the specifics of treating Muslim patients. The afore mentioned specifics are followed by a chapter on multicultural nursing and general nurses. Therefore, the last theoretical chapter covers the ethical aspects of multicultural nursing. The thesis has four objectives. The main objective is to: Determine the experiences of Arab patients with the provided care within the Czech healthcare system. The partial objectives are then: Objective 1: To find the most common problems in treating Arab patients from the perspective of a nurse. Objective 2: To determine the experience of Arab patients, who have been in contact with medical personnel. Objective 3: To determine the differences between the healthcare delivered in the Czech Republic and in the Arab countries. The main research question is: What are the experiences of Arab patients with the provided care within the Czech healthcare system? SQ 1: What are the most common problems in treating Arab patients from the nurses' perspective? SQ 2: What are the experiences of Arab patients who have been in contact with medical personnel? SQ 3: What are the biggest differences between the healthcare delivered in the Czech Republic and in the Arab countries? In order to achieve the objectives and to answer the research questions, a qualitative investigation was conducted using semi-structured interviews with Arab patients and also with general nurses. The snowball method was used to obtain the required respondents. The criterion for selecting the respondents was that they were from an Arab country and that at the same time they had experienced Czech healthcare. Overall, 17 respondents were obtained. The criterion for selecting the nurses was that they had, during their professional conduct, provided nursing care to patients from Arab countries. The interview was conducted with 10 general nurses. The interviews were copied verbatim into Microsoft Office Word 2007. A pictogram was then created for each area using the XMind 6 program. The results of the survey show that the respondents' overall assessment of Czech healthcare is very positive. From the nurses' perspective the language barrier and the lack of familiarity with the specifics of the cultures is the major concern. A positive finding is that nurses are willing to accommodate some of the special needs of these patients. Mostly these include serving meals without pork, being treated by a person of the same gender, ensuring privacy while praying, or being accompanied by relatives during examinations. The respondents also reported, in line with the nurses, that the biggest problem is the language barrier. The fundamental difference between the Czech and Arab healthcare systems is especially seen by the respondents in the absence of health insurance in the Arab countries. Furthermore, the respondents praised the clean hospitals in the Czech healthcare system, quality equipment and well-educated medical staff. Compared to the care in their homeland it is incomparably better. The results of the research have been presented at the National Student Scientific Conference of bachelor and master non-medical degree courses in Pardubice, 23. 4. 2015. Furthermore, they will be published in the form of an article in a professional journal in order to inform the public about the lessons learned.

Even though the health care services in the Czech Republic are of high international standards and accessible to majority of the population, some drawbacks may be noticed in terms of the approach of health care providers to patients and patient rights. Until 2011, the Act No. 20/1966 Coll., on Public Health Care, had regulated the health care provision and patient rights in a complex way. Gradually, it became clear that the main part of regulations did not consider the patient-specific needs adequately. Legislators' efforts to bring the patient rights in conformity with the principles of the Constitution, Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, and the Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine have led to the Act No. 372/2011 Coll., on Healthcare Services, which has replaced the Act on Public Health. The new foundation of patient rights guarantees that the failure to fulfil may be rectified as only the rights defined by law can be effectively enforced. The prerequisite for a patient to exercise and demand his/her rights to be fulfilled is their knowledge. This dissertation aims to provide a concise overview of the progression of patient rights and their origins within the international and national context, to outline some rights of an insured person and a health care user more in-depth, to introduce the protection of patient rights, and to verify the knowledge of selected rights among the patients in the South Bohemian region. Based on my own research which took place in outpatient and inpatient facilities in the South Bohemian region by the questionnaire form I wanted to find how are patiens informed about theirs rights and whether they are actively interested in them. I chose two hypothesis. The first hypothesis was verified claims than the patiens over the age of 50 have more knowlidges about their rights than the patiens to the age of 50. From the results of statistical data exploration it shows implies that the patiens over the age of 50 have really more knowlidges than the patiens of the second age category, therefore the hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis should confirm whether the patiens are passive at getting informations about the patiens rights. The survey shows that the patiens are active and they are interested in finding out informations. The second hypothesis didn´t confirmed. My purpose wasn´t describe in detail all patient rights. I wanted compile basic patient rights and rights of an insured person and a health care user which can be used to more patient know-how, for use of health professionals utilization or to teaching students of the Social and health faculty of South Bohemian University.

Currently there are noticable changes in nursing concepts, shifts in thinking and attitude towards nursing. Unlike in the past, when nursing care was provided in accordance with the biomedical model, current nursing shows attempts at greater use of interaction models reflecting a holistic approach and humanism. This fact was pointed out in the 1960's by Joyce E. Travelbee, a New Orleans psychiatric nurse, educator and nursing theoretician. The disseration intituled 'Joyce E. Travelbee's Inspiration for Nursing' is of theoretical character with the aim of analysing the legacy of Joyce E. Travelbee as a nursing history personality and her work with a tendency to express her significance for nursing. It is concieved as a historical-analytical study and a zpracována formou studia literárního odkazu a jeho analýzy s následným vypracováním interpretativního textu. In connection with the study of literary legacy and its analysis questions, for which the answers were sought, were asked: How did Joyce E. Travelbee reflect current nursing practice? What suggestions did she make in changing current attitude towards patients? What is key to longterm contribution of Joyce E. Travelbee as a theoretitian to the nursing concept? Which of Joyce E. Travelbee's ideas and literary legacies are inspirational for nursing? The contents and meaning of some terms are set out in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 reflects the development of nursing as a theory, science and practice in a chronological order and also on a national and international level, especially the period, in which Joyce E. Travelbee (1926-1973) lived and formulated her ideas. The chapter was conceived in the sense of referring to the ideas and work of individual nursing theoreticians in connection with contributions to nuring theory and practice. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the personality Joyce E. Travelbee, her biography, publishing activity and specialist texts relating to her person and work bases. Chapter 4 interprets the work of Joyce E. Travelbee. The chapter is divided into four sub-chapters with the aim of illustrating the logical sequence in the development of ideas in Joyce E. Travelbee's work. The first part deals with nursing from Joyce E. Travelbee's point of view, in the second part space is given to introduced concepts in Joyce E. Travelbee's work, the third part focusses on the explanation of the human-to-human relationship concept and the fourth part deals with nursing supervision as a tool for forging human relationships. The fifth chapter was concieved with the aim of pointing out the fact that Joyce E. Travelbee's work has been an inspiration for the authors of many publications, research studies, dissertations, contributions on web pages, and for international scientific conferences participants. Interpretation analysis of primary and secondary text sources showed that an inspirational change in nursing is that of nurse-patient and patient-nurse attitudes and the emphasis on satisfying patients' needs as well as nurses' needs. Changes in attitude can be seen in nursing education which should prepare nurses for satisfying patients' emotional and spiritual needs with an emphasis on empathy, sympathy and rapport. One of the possibilities of achieving this change in nurses' education is to include more communicative exercises, philosophy, psychology and the clarification of values in nursing educational programmes the training of nurses in self reflection, critical thinking and carrying out of supervision.

The thesis titled "The Level of Awareness and Analysis of Mistakes in the Use of Inhalation Systems in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Diseases" maps the present problems of the care of patients with chronic diseases with bronchial obstruction whose medication contains some inhalation preparation. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empiric parts. The theoretical part deals generally with the issue of the care of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, with focus on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, who formed the biggest part of the research sample of patients. It also focuses on their treatment and the principles of proper administration of medicines by means of inhalation systems. The empiric part focuses on the patients' awareness and skills and on their attitude to their own skills in these terms.

Thesis: The role of the nurse in the nutrition of cancer patients. Nutritional issues concerning cancer patients are often discussed in recent years and they are still a current theme of debates. The results from surveys of recent years show the seriousness of the situation and urge to its fast solution. The situation is not favourable: the nutritional care in oncology is still underestimated, even though it forms significant foundation for the general success of treatment

The dissertation thesis deals with the issue of violence during mutual contact of a patient and a nurse in the Czech Republic. Its main aim is to map violence which appears only during mutual contact between general nurses and patients. The secondary aims were to identify the most common problems in these situations, and to find possibilities to solve them. The aims were tested by four hypotheses and one research question. Mixed design - a combination of quantitative methods, qualitative in-depth interviews, and ex-post evaluation of my own teaching method - was used in this research. The quantitative sample included 896 respondents (500 general nurses, 92 doctors, 151 paramedics, 25 ambulance drivers, 60 physiotherapists, 18 safety workers and 50 auxiliary health care workers). Qualitative research is based on ten in-depth interviews with nurses (from various departments including outpatient care and emergency pre-hospital care) who have experienced a violent incident (analyzed by coding according to Glaser and Strauss). Unlike quantitative research, in-depth interviews are carried out on a smaller sample of respondents. Originally, there were 50 interviews carried out, but some attributes were being repeated, thus only 10 interviews were chosen to show the most important aspects. Ex-post evaluation included evaluation of practical training of 550 non-medical health care workers (general nurses, porters, auxiliary workers) in 14 workshops that were organized during 11 months. The total number of non-medical health care workers in the project was 550. After 12 months, 239 questionnaires were returned (42 % response rate). The first hypothesis, that both female and male health care workers alike experience violence in providing nursing care in the Czech Republic, was verified. The second hypothesis proved that general nurses in the Czech Republic are the professional group that is most exposed to verbal violence. Violence in health care in the Czech Republic is thus mostly a problem of nursing care. The third hypothesis proved that nurses with secondary education are exposed to violence more often than nurses with tertiary education. Qualitative analysis discovered a new dimension of violence in nursing - nurses' behaviour adds significantly to conflict escalation and is one of the causes of violence. The fourth hypothesis proved that it is possible to prepare nurses for dealing with a violent patient and prevent violence by choosing the correct style of communication.

This thesis looks into reasons for devaluation of patient by medical staff. Main objective of the paper is to point at risk factors and summarize present knowledge about devaluation in hospitals. Devaluation manner is behavior, which decreases patient personality and his self-confidence, ignores his needs, opinions and requirements. Actually we had three main tasks in this thesis. To find out, if patients are more devaluated by mistakes in direct medical care and more specifically, if they are more often victims of denying taking care about their biological needs and if patients older than 60 years are more frequent devaluated than others. We focused on demarcation of single characteristics and aspects of this well known risk in behavior, mainly occurred by secondary medical staff. Essential knowledge of this topic are in the theoretical part, which assign attainment about devaluation and evaluation from other researches. Exploration survey was done by two methods. First was statistical research, in which medical staff answers about questions in non-standardized questionnaire. Outcome of this survey was making of tables and after their elaboration into column and sector graphs. Second research method was directed structured interview with hospitalized patients. For elaboration was used Q-methodology and answers of respondents were summarized into graphs. We had three hypotheses. H1: Hospitalized patients are more devaluated by mistakes in direct medical care than by badly interpreted communication. H2: If there are mistakes in direct medical care more often is devaluation by denying taking care about biological needs. H3: Devaluation is more problem of patients older than 60 years. Thank to research we know that hospitalized patients are not more devaluated by making mistakes in direct medical care. However if this mistakes appears denying of taking care about patient biological needs is more often type of devaluation. Third and last hypothesis didn't prove that patient older than 60 years are more frequently devaluated than others. Main benefits of this thesis are summary of knowledge about this behavior and deeper look into this problematic. Simultaneously findings that main devaluation in providing direct care is denying taking care about patient biological needs, which formulate in 1943 A. H. Maslow, is crucial. Legacy of this American psychologist is more than recent and shouldn't be ignored in today's medical practice. Overall thesis collects information from different Czech and foreign resources and completely and clearly describes risks and consequences of devaluation.

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the possibilities of the chronic renal failure treatment. Its advantage is that the patient is treated alone in his home environment. The main indication of this method is the inability to secure vascular access for hemodialysis. Contraindications include damage to the peritoneum and adhesions in the abdominal cavity. The principle of the method is the exchange of solutes between blood and dialysis solution filled into the peritoneal cavity. Timely and proper education by the nurse is the most important precondition for successful treatment with peritoneal dialysis. The thesis is focused on the role of nurses in the education of patients with peritoneal dialysis. It deals mainly with issues of patient education in connection with the occurrence of complications during their treatment. The first section describes the problems of peritoneal dialysis, including technical aspects, complications and their treatment. Furthermore, the attention is focused on the automated peritoneal dialysis, which takes place mostly at night and therefore the patient has more time to care about his normal daily activities. The second section of the theoretical part is devoted to education. The first target of the research was the examination of the effect of educational activities on the occurence of complications. Before starting treatment, patients have always been educated about the issues of this kond of treatment. The informative materials about the treatment and its related complications were also provided. Some of them did look up the information on the internet, and they discussed it further with the nurse. All of the respondents were able to name and describe the symptoms of complications occurring at the beginning and during the therapy. The second goal was to compare awareness among patients with frequent complications compared to those with the least complications. We did not find any benchmark to determine, whether the inconvenience was caused y the degree of unawareness of the patients, or their attitude to the treatment. The discussion will reflect on the question, which errors did subsequently led to the complications. The third objective was to compare the incidence of complications on patients with APD compared to patients on CAPD. With CAPD, the patient opens and closes the transfer set at least 4 times a day, thereby increasing the risk of infection through the peritoneal catheter. The research shows that among respondents undergoing the APD treatment method, the number of complications is lower. It is not possible to determine, whether the numer of complications on APD is lower due to minimal use of the peritoneal catheter, or because some patients on CAPD have already suffered the complications and have been instructed to approach the APD more responsibly. The empirical part of the thesis is presented by a qualitative research. The survey was carried out in the form of non-standardized interview based on prepared questions, which were extended during interviews. The research group consists of ten patients from dialysis clinics in Tabor, Ceske Budejovice and Jindrichuv Hradec. The patients on CAPD and APD were of different ages and with different duration of treatment. Peritoneal dialysis is the elimination method of replacing the kidneys function, and it is performed by the patient himself, in their own social environment. A prerequisite for successful treatment is high-quality patient education, which is mainly provided by the nurse. This introductory education continues with ongoing reeducation. The results of this thesis may be used as the basis for further research. They can also be used as study material for students of nursing fields. Created brochure can help the patients to decide, how to select the treatment method, or mastering the problems of this treatment.

Basic theoretical background: Stoma as a part of the surgical treatment of digestive tract diseases usually radically affects the life of the patient and his relatives. The patient has to face not only the severe diagnosis but also the result of the surgery concerning one of the most intimate human spheres. A significant part in the return to a full life is the acceptance of the stoma by the patient and his ability of being active when taking care of stoma. The theoretical part in the introduction describes the Theory of self-care deficit. The second part of the theoretical work summarizes basic information regarding the issue of derivation of intestinal stoma and the issue of acceptance of the changed body image and self-care. Objectives and hypotheses: The aim of this work is to find out differences in the acceptance of stoma and care for stoma among patients after intestinal surgery. To achieve the objective of the work, there were set three hypothesis. H1: Patients with a permanent stoma experience major changes in the psychosocial area than patients with temporary stoma. H2: In the postoperative period, women approach practising the stoma care differently than men. H3: Patients under 55 have more information about living with stoma than older patients. Methodology: The research part of the work has been carried out through quantitative research. The form of data gathering was an anonymous questionnaire. The only criterion of the selection of the respondents was the state of health after the intestinal surgery with the subsequent stoma. During the search of the respondents were addressed organizations joining the patients with stoma, stoma and proctologic ambulances of selected hospitals, hospices and homes for elderly people. The obtained data were processed by descriptive statistics in graphs by the help of Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Further on, the statistical evaluation of hypotheses was carried out. Hypotheses were tested by chi-square test in a PivotTable, the average values were compared by T-test. The chosen significance level was 5 %. Conclusion: The work provides a comprehensive look at the issue of acceptance of stoma self-care after intestinal surgery. Creating of stoma, regardless of age or sex of the patient and also regardless of its eventual duration radically influences the patient's life. This is necessary to remember all the time from the long lasting preoperative preparation to aftercare when the stoma patient should be provided by comprehensive care by nurses. The nurse should also help the patient to return to a normal life.