The Internet allows individuals to make contact with other individuals, without divulging personal details or information. This means that the user has the choice to remain anonymous. Although the Internet has numerous advantages, the anonymity with which it can be used could cause certain problems. The anonymous nature of the Internet makes it extremely difficult to determine who is gaining access to personal information about Internet users. Thus it becomes an ideal avenue for paedophiles to gain access to information about adolescents and to use this information in the process to get close to, and to abuse them. Few parents who allow their children to use the Internet are aware of paedophiles’ activities on the Internet. This dearth of knowledge about the ways in which paedophiles operate, necessitates that parents and guardians should be educated about the potential dangers the Internet could hold for their children. This is especially necessary “as computers are becoming more and more a part of our daily lives, and computer literacy is a necessity in today’s computer driven world” (Haupt, 2001:26). Within this study the qualitative approach has been used. Interviewing was used as a method of data collection. The purpose of the interviews was to probe particular aspects in depth. An interview schedule was used during the interviews as a guide for the interviewer, and contained relevant questions which ensured that all the necessary aspects were covered during the interview. The focus of the interviews was to determine new avenues that paedophiles utilise to approach children for sexual purposes. In addition, the interviewer enquired if the experts have dealt with South African case studies, where an individual used the Internet to gain access to children. The adequacy of current South African legislation regarding child pornography and sexual activities with adolescents via the Internet was explored. Research participants were asked to discuss the existence of preventative measures to curb the use of the Internet for the enticement of adolescents for sexual purposes. Subsequently the existence of awareness campaigns to make parents or caregivers and children more aware of the dangers that the Internet poses for adolescents was discussed. After conducting the interviews, they were transcribed and interpreted. The research findings derived from the interviews were categorised and these categories were discussed. The analysis of the data indicate that the global problem with regards to the use of the Internet as an avenue to initiate sexual activities with adolescents is still vaguely grasped in South Africa. The fact that only one reported case of a child in South Africa that was approached by a paedophile online was identified, accentuates the dearth of knowledge regarding this social problem. Although it is not easily detectable, it is still a serious problem that needs to be attended to, especially when taking into account that more than three million South Africans have access to the Internet. In addition, children spend the majority of their leisure time using computers and being on the Internet (CIA – The world factbook: Communications South Africa, n.d.). Thus, this problem can only become worse in future. The Internet can be the child’s best friend, or worst enemy. Therefore it is the responsibility of all parents, guardians and the community to protect children against the negative aspects of the Internet. / Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / MA / unrestricted

BACKGROUND. Neuropathological processes affecting the left frontotemporal lobes and their connections with subcortical structures have been reported in individuals who sexually assault minors. However, these findings are not necessarily conclusive, and knowledge is limited as to how such factors influence the 'blocking' adult sexual relations, disinhibition, emotional congruence and sexual arousal to children; or indeed if functional disorders are more significant. METHOD. A combination of neuropsychological (LNNB Form II) and personality (MMPI-2) probes where used to ascertain the profiles of male subjects satisfying DSM-III criteria for paedophilia, and a comparison was made with male rapist and homicide offenders to identify a characteristic neuro-behavioural syndrome. All groups were matched for premorbid intelligence, drug/alcohol abuse, socio-economic status and incarceration period. Hypotheses of greater dysfunction localised to the lefthemisphere fronto-temporal lobe areas, and more disturbed personality and psychopathology in the paedophile offenders were tested. The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) was also used to confirm the diagnoses of the sexual offenders and to assess psychosexual functioning. RESULTS. The offender groups were undifferentiated in terms of frequency of overall neuropsychological dysfunction, yet 26.8 per cent had clinically significant cognitive impairment, and a further 23.2 per cent were diagnosed as 'Borderline.' However, pattern of expressive speech and writing deficits in the paedophile group's LNNB-11 profile was consistent with subclinical features of Transcortical Motor Aphasia-Type I syndrome (i.e. non-fluent verbal output - decreased spontaneity of expression and impoverished narrative speech, but with intact comprehension, repetition of spoken language; clumsily produced letters and hypereconomy of written content; and apathy). Damage to the left-hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is known to be associated with this type of aphasia, which in tum increases the probability of dysexecutive syndrome (i.e. limited planning and maintenance of goal-directed behaviour and behavioural flexibility). The impact of this syndrome was clearly reflected by socialdeficit type features found in the paedophile's MMPI-2 48' /84' profile which are consistent with a schizotypal personality disorder (i.e. apathy, social withdrawal, constricted affect, odd speech and behaviour). Additionally, psychosexual functioning, rationalisations and cognitive distortions relating to offence behaviours was found to be more deviant in paedophiles than rapists. CONCLUSION. From a developmental perspective, neuropathology of the circuits connecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with sub-cortical areas, presenting as dysexecutive syndrome, may be significant in explaining the paedophile' s lack of adjustment to, indifference for, and alienation from the adult world; increasing the probability for emotional and sexual dependency on children. Several possibilities for future research are identified and practical uses for the findings of this study are presented.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / In this thesis, the researcher explored the life stories of male perpetrators of child sexual offences. It is argued that this is an area that needs to be addressed because sexual abuse of children has become a global problem, and South Africa is no exception. As in other parts of the world, in South Africa, sexual abuse of children is under reported.It is estimated that only fifteen percent of rapes are reported, and in addition to this only about one in twenty rapes is reported to the police. Sexual abuse has become a great concern to social workers and health practitioners because of the harmful consequences for victims.This study aimed to undertake an exploratory study on sex offenders’ subjective reflections (constructions) of their involvement in the sexual molestation of children. Narratology or narrative analysis enabled the researcher to find out how the offenders portray their sexual engagement with children.The researcher followed the qualitative research approach, utilizing the autobiographical method of inquiry. Data collection was by means of narratives /story-telling. The researcher made use of purposive sampling in the selection of seven participants for the individual interviews and thirty for the focus group interviews. The participants were perpetrators of sexual abuse against children, participating in a community-based program in the Western Cape. Personal interviews were conducted because of the sensitive nature of the information sought.Data was analysed according to an adapted five-step process as proposed by Terreblanche and Durrheim (2006). Data was verified by using the peer review; rich,thick descriptions; external audits; and clarifying research bias, as suggested by Creswell (1998: 197-204).The findings revealed that the offenders’ stories unfolded chronologically, starting from their early childhood. They shared their family life experiences and happenings during their growth to adulthood. The various factors, which exposed and influenced them on the path to becoming adult child sexual offenders were explored.

Nesta tese, traço as principais transformações ocorridas na percepção e sensibilidade sociais a respeito da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes ao longo do século XX no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, apresento a legislação nacional e os principais acordos internacionais (Convenções). Em seguida, discuto o contexto intelectual que reflete a sensibilidade dos diferentes períodos e que, de algum modo, acabou por influenciar as definições legais. Para tanto, analisarei algumas decorrências do positivismo na área médica e jurídica, as discussões em torno da prostituição e da polícia de costumes, sua atuação em conjunto com assistentes sociais e, por fim, a visão das organizações não governamentais e dos psicólogos. No capítulo seguinte, analiso alguns movimentos sociais internacionais – ou ofensivas civilizatórias –, cujo objetivo era combater a violência sexual, e seus desdobramentos no país. Por fim, resgato o que foi publicado em um jornal de grande circulação, O Estado de S. Paulo, a fim de identificar mudanças nas informações transmitidas ao público leigo (leitores), nos tipos de crimes sexuais noticiados e na abordagem ao tema. O argumento defendido é que a violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes não era um problema desconhecido do público leigo, tampouco de especialistas como médicos, juristas, policiais e assistentes sociais. Era, entretanto, entendido como um problema esporádico e relacionado a questões morais. Aproximando-se o final do século, nas mãos das organizações não governamentais nacionais e internacionais, a violência sexual passou a ser entendida como um “fenômeno”, algo recorrente e que deveria ser estudado, quantificado e analisado cientificamente. O que era noticiado casualmente passou a sê-lo recorrentemente, chegando às manchetes dos jornais. A dinâmica que engendrou essas mudanças é encontrada na diminuição da desigualdade na balança de poder entre os sexos e em um aumento na distância social entre adultos e crianças – cada vez mais entendidas como pessoas com necessidades específicas e que devem ser protegidas e cuidadas. A abordagem teórica é a sociologia processual de Norbert Elias. A tese contém ainda um excurso referente às transformações no tocante à violência sexual na Irlanda. As diferenças e semelhanças entre as transformações ocorridas na Irlanda e no Brasil são utilizadas para elucidar os processos sociais que levaram o tema da violência sexual ao centro das atenções no último quartel do século XX. / In this thesis, I describe the main changes in social sensibility towards child sexual violence in 20th century Brazil. First of all, I present the national law and the main international agreements in regard to sexual violence. Following, I will show some expert discourses that reflect different sensibilities over this topic and that, in some way, influenced legal definitions. In order to make this discussion, the following will be analysed: some influences of positivism in the medical and legal areas; some queries and opinions on prostitution and “manners police”; its work along with social workers; and, at last, the understandings of NGOs and psychologists. In the next chapter, I analyse some international social movements – also called civilising offensives – that intended to combat sexual violence, and its consequences in Brazil. Last, it will be shown what one of the most important daily newspapers in the country has published in this connection. Daily news will be used to discuss changes in the information published, in the kind of sexual crime depicted and how it is discussed. The main argument of this work is that child sexual violence was not an invisible problem to lay people nor to experts as physicians, people working in the legal system, police and social workers. Nevertheless, it was seen as an occasional problem related to morality. Towards the end of the 20th century, especially because of national and international NGOs, sexual violence came to be seen as a very recurrent problem and a topic that should be studied, quantified and scientifically analysed. What was occasionally portrayed in the media became a very common issue, reaching the head-lines. These changes can be explained by the shift in the balance of power between the sexes in favour of women and an increase in the social distance between adults and children, now understood as people with special need that should be protected and cared for. The theoretical approach is Norbert Elias’s process sociology. The thesis contains also an excursus, discussing changes in child sexual violence in 20th century Ireland. Differences and similarities between what happened in Ireland and in Brazil will be used to discuss social processes that lead sexual violence to be a topic of great concern in the last quarter of the century.

Nesta tese, traço as principais transformações ocorridas na percepção e sensibilidade sociais a respeito da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes ao longo do século XX no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, apresento a legislação nacional e os principais acordos internacionais (Convenções). Em seguida, discuto o contexto intelectual que reflete a sensibilidade dos diferentes períodos e que, de algum modo, acabou por influenciar as definições legais. Para tanto, analisarei algumas decorrências do positivismo na área médica e jurídica, as discussões em torno da prostituição e da polícia de costumes, sua atuação em conjunto com assistentes sociais e, por fim, a visão das organizações não governamentais e dos psicólogos. No capítulo seguinte, analiso alguns movimentos sociais internacionais – ou ofensivas civilizatórias –, cujo objetivo era combater a violência sexual, e seus desdobramentos no país. Por fim, resgato o que foi publicado em um jornal de grande circulação, O Estado de S. Paulo, a fim de identificar mudanças nas informações transmitidas ao público leigo (leitores), nos tipos de crimes sexuais noticiados e na abordagem ao tema. O argumento defendido é que a violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes não era um problema desconhecido do público leigo, tampouco de especialistas como médicos, juristas, policiais e assistentes sociais. Era, entretanto, entendido como um problema esporádico e relacionado a questões morais. Aproximando-se o final do século, nas mãos das organizações não governamentais nacionais e internacionais, a violência sexual passou a ser entendida como um “fenômeno", algo recorrente e que deveria ser estudado, quantificado e analisado cientificamente. O que era noticiado casualmente passou a sê-lo recorrentemente, chegando às manchetes dos jornais. A dinâmica que engendrou essas mudanças é encontrada na diminuição da desigualdade na balança de poder entre os sexos e em um aumento na distância social entre adultos e crianças – cada vez mais entendidas como pessoas com necessidades específicas e que devem ser protegidas e cuidadas. A abordagem teórica é a sociologia processual de Norbert Elias. A tese contém ainda um excurso referente às transformações no tocante à violência sexual na Irlanda. As diferenças e semelhanças entre as transformações ocorridas na Irlanda e no Brasil são utilizadas para elucidar os processos sociais que levaram o tema da violência sexual ao centro das atenções no último quartel do século XX. / In this thesis, I describe the main changes in social sensibility towards child sexual violence in 20th century Brazil. First of all, I present the national law and the main international agreements in regard to sexual violence. Following, I will show some expert discourses that reflect different sensibilities over this topic and that, in some way, influenced legal definitions. In order to make this discussion, the following will be analysed: some influences of positivism in the medical and legal areas; some queries and opinions on prostitution and “manners police"; its work along with social workers; and, at last, the understandings of NGOs and psychologists. In the next chapter, I analyse some international social movements – also called civilising offensives – that intended to combat sexual violence, and its consequences in Brazil. Last, it will be shown what one of the most important daily newspapers in the country has published in this connection. Daily news will be used to discuss changes in the information published, in the kind of sexual crime depicted and how it is discussed. The main argument of this work is that child sexual violence was not an invisible problem to lay people nor to experts as physicians, people working in the legal system, police and social workers. Nevertheless, it was seen as an occasional problem related to morality. Towards the end of the 20th century, especially because of national and international NGOs, sexual violence came to be seen as a very recurrent problem and a topic that should be studied, quantified and scientifically analysed. What was occasionally portrayed in the media became a very common issue, reaching the head-lines. These changes can be explained by the shift in the balance of power between the sexes in favour of women and an increase in the social distance between adults and children, now understood as people with special need that should be protected and cared for. The theoretical approach is Norbert Elias’s process sociology. The thesis contains also an excursus, discussing changes in child sexual violence in 20th century Ireland. Differences and similarities between what happened in Ireland and in Brazil will be used to discuss social processes that lead sexual violence to be a topic of great concern in the last quarter of the century.

Although  “naming and shaming” paedophiles are growing in Sweden, professionals working with the rehabilitation and treatment of paedophiles describe that the naming and shaming might not prevent child sex abuse. On the opposite naming and shaming alienates the perpetrator from any ordinary life. The alienation could lead them to only having other paedophiles as friends. Previous studies show that professionals are often distancing themselves from working with paedophiles, even if there is competence. Studies also show that paedophiles are seldom seeking help due to of fear of stigmatization. The aim of this study was to describe social workers perception of “paedophiles” and to find out the action contingency among social workers regarding clients that express such feelings. A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews was used. Seven social workers and one psychologist were interviewed. Previous research has been confirmed as many professionals actively choose not to work with perpetrators even though they believe the perpetrators deserve adequate help. The data was analysed referring to Hasenfelds theory of human service organizations and the concept of cognitive dissonance. Organizations that are not specifically built to treat perpetrators and paedophiles are apparently not prepared to help them.

Magister Educationis - MEd / An important aspect of my thesis is the discussion of the various narrators in the novel; Vladimir Nabokov, John Ray Jnr. and Humbert Humbert. The novel, or Humbert’s memoirs, is only published after Lolita has died in order to preserve her dignity. John Ray Jnr. is the psychologist who is charged with editing Humbert's memoirs to ensure that no lewd details are published. This brings problems of their own, as we find that John Ray Jnr. has clear moral perceptions of Humbert as a person. This effectively creates a fiction within a fiction, which is already set in the fictitious genre of the novel. Vladimir Nabokov arguably informs the novel with his own ethics and ethos. This interrogates the reliability of the narrators and calls into question the truth-value of fiction and the inappropriateness of the law to ban fiction that discusses taboo issues. The main aim of my thesis is to discredit Humbert as a reliable narrator and character by analysing the taboo issues of paedophilia, incest, rape and murder. This will be done in order to show how Nabokov proposes alternative morals by deconstructing traditional morality using taboo topics in fiction

Charles University Prague, Czech Rep. Raculty of Philosophy Department of Psychology Doctoral Theses Comparison of Accuracy and Precision of Sexodiagnostic Methods of Penile Plethysmography and Viewing Time Ondřej Trojan, 2017 Abstract The diagnosis of pedophilia denotes (according to ICL 10) the erotic preference for prepubescent or early pubescent children. Penile plethysmography (PPG) measures the reaction of these men in respon- se to either visual stimuli or to erotic narrative stories including child objects. Penile plethysmography is quite an intrusive assessment method, so viewing time (VT) might be a good alternative if it is shown to be compapratively accurate. Several studies in the past have shown inconsistent data, therefore more research is needed to confirm its validity in distinguishing responses to the preferred age category of pedophilic men. Method: Participants were 30 self-referred admitting paedophiles aged between 18 and 55 in the experimental group and 30 heterosexual gynephile men in the comparison group. A set of photographs depicting naked adults in addition to male and female children across 6 age categories ranging from young infants to adolescents was used; the same set of 38 stimuli were used to measure PPG (first) and VT(after). PPG apparatus was used to measure penile...

Diploma thesis "Child sexual abuse in Czech republic" deals with the development and especially with the stage in our republic about this issue. The thesis in the first two parts examine the issue of child sexual abuse from number of points of view, which are the actors how enter to the issue, what does the child sexual abuse mean and which are its forms, analyse the problems during the solution of this issue in Czech republic. In the second part the diploma thesis goes in for the possibilities of solution of the issue in Czech republic. With the help of the evaluation of some options, where as examples are some foreign models, in this thesis there are proposed some proceedings which would be advisable to introduce in Czech republic for the effective solution of the issue.

Föreliggande uppsats kan lokaliseras inom det vetenskapliga område som behandlar stigmatisering av pedofiler och barnsexförbrytare. Med utgångspunkt i en samtida förväxling mellan koncepten pedofil och barnsexförbrytare som tilldelar pedofiler barnsexförbrytarstatus, är studien avgränsad till barnpornografibrottet som en negativ statuskälla för pedofiler. Barnpornografibrottet särbehandlas i svensk lag, i synnerhet sedan brottet flyttades ut ur tryckfrihetsförordningen och yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen 1999. Syftet med uppsatsen är att fördjupa förståelsen för brottets betydelse, särbehandling och vad det innebär för pedofili. Med hänsyn till sådan bakgrund utgår uppsatsen från följande frågeställningar; Vilka underliggande motiv kan utläsas i lagmässig särbehandling av barnpornografibrottet i Sverige, Varför särbehandlas barnpornografibrottet och Vilken betydelse får den lagmässiga särbehandlingen för pedofili? Med hjälp av tematisk analys undersöks två lagförarbeten. Studiens resultat tyder på att barnpornografibrottet till stor del är ett symboliskt brott, att lagmässig särbehandling av brottet upprätthåller en social hierarki mellan barn och vuxna samt att särbehandling av brottet förstärker en annan social hierarki där social status är sammankopplat med hävdat socialt avstånd till barnpornografibrottet. Den senare nämnda hierarkin refereras till som den sociala avståndshierarkin. Konceptet pedofili tolkas kränka den förstnämnda hierarkin, ett koncept som människor kan särskilja sig mot och således stratifiera sig själva, vilket i sin tur producerar stigma och den sociala avståndshierarkin. / The present thesis can be located within the area of scientific research that deals with stigmatization of paedophiles and child sex offenders. Emanating from a contemporary confusion regarding the concepts paedophilia and child sexual offense, in which paedophiles are assigned the social status of child sexual offender, the present study is delimited to the child pornography offense as a negative source of status regarding paedophiles. The child pornography offense receives special treatment in Swedish law, particularly since the offense was moved out from The Freedom of the Press Act and The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression in 1999. The purpose of the study is to deepen the understanding of the meaning of the offense, the special legal treatment and what it entails for paedophilia. With regard to such background, the present study issues the following research questions; What underlaying motives can be identified within legal special treatment of the child pornography offense in Sweden, Why does the child pornography offense receive special treatment and What does the special legal treatment entail for paedophilia? Two legislative documents are investigated using Thematic Analysis. The results of the study indicate that the child pornography offense is to a large part a symbolic crime, that special legal treatment of the crime maintains a social hierarchy between children and adults and that such legal treatment reinforces another social hierarchy where social status is interconnected to asserted social distance to child sexual offenses. The latter hierarchy is referred to as the social distance hierarchy. Paedophilia is interpreted as a concept that violates the social hierarchy between children and adults, a concept which people can distinct themselves from and thus stratify themselves which in turn produces stigma and the social distance hierarchy.