Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 19921.pdf: 47132618 bytes, checksum: b71184939835dbeec25c57b525dbc183 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Conversion of tropical forests into oil palm plantations reduces the habitats of many species, including primates, and frequently leads to human–wildlife conflicts. Contrary to the widespread belief that macaques foraging in the forest–oil palm matrix are detrimental crop pests, we show that the impact of macaques on oil palm yield is minor. More importantly, our data suggest that wild macaques have the potential to act as biological pest control by feeding on plantation rats, the major pest for oil palm crops, with each macaque group estimated to reduce rat populations by about 3,000 individuals per year (mitigating annual losses of 112 USD per hectare). If used for rodent control in place of the conventional method of poison, macaques could provide an important ecosystem service and enhance palm oil sustainability.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第21897号 / 地博第243号 / 新制||地||90(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 広祐, 教授 岡本 正明, 教授 高橋 基樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Research shows that the United States of America is losing its competitive stance in the area of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) relative to other countries. One strategy that could solve this problem would be to diversify the field of STEM to include more women of color. The purpose of this narrative, qualitative research study was to explore the lived experiences of Black women with advanced/terminal degrees who are current STEM professionals in Palm Beach County. Fourteen Black women participated in this study, which yielded four major findings that included early exposure to education’s value. importance of a strong sense of self/self-identity, challenges, and discrimination. The hope is that these findings will provide local administrators and elected officials/decision-makers (e.g., the school district, higher education, and government agencies) with information that could advise future practices and policies to close the gap of under-represented Black women in STEM industries. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (PhD)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Handheld computers may hold the possibility for a one-to-one computer: student ratio. The impact of the use of Palm® (Palm, Inc.) handhelds on information acquisition and use by 5th grade students in a North Texas school during a class research project was investigated. Five research questions were examined using observation, interviews, surveys, and document analysis. Are there differences in information gathering and use with the Palm between gifted, dyslexic, and regular learners? What relevance criteria do students use to evaluate a web site to determine whether to download the site to the Palm and afterwards whether to use the downloaded site's information in the report? How do the Palms affect the writing process? Do the animations and concept maps produced on the Palm demonstrate understanding of the intended concepts? Are there significant differences in results (i.e., final products grade) between Palm users and non-Palm users? Three groups of learners in the class, gifted, dyslexic, and regular learners, participated in the study. The regular and dyslexic students reported using Web sites that had not been downloaded to the Palm. Students reported several factors used to decide whether to download Web sites, but the predominant deciding factor was the amount of information. The students used a combination of writing on paper and the Palm in the preparation of the report. Many students flipped between two programs, FreeWrite and Fling-It, finding information and then writing the facts into the report. The peer review process was more difficult with the Palm. Most students had more grammatical errors in this research report than in previous research projects. By creating animated drawings on the Palm handheld, the students demonstrated their understanding of the invention though sometimes the media or the student's drawing skills limited the quality of the final product. Creating the animations was motivational and addressed different learning styles than a written report alone. No statistically significant difference was found in the scores of the three 6+1 Traits categories, however the Palm users didn't meet the page-length requirement for the research project but the majority of the control class did.

O presente trabalho envolve duas espécies de palmeiras produtoras de palmito comestível: o açaí (Euterpe oleracea) e a palmeira real australiana (Archontophoenix alexandrae) tendo por objetivo: medir os caracteres agronômicos, mensurar os caracteres fisiológicos em 3 ambientes de luminosidade, estudar a anatomia dos palmiteiros e avaliar o comportamento das duas espécies em vista de direcionar o produtor, em qual melhor ambiente luminoso deve-se plantar os palmiteiros. A hipótese assumida foi: o crescimento e desenvolvimento em condições de radiação diferente, acarretam em modificações fisiológicas e anatômicas que afetam o desempenho dos palmiteiros e sua produção. O experimento foi realizado em dois locais: Piracicaba (22o42\'11\" latitude Sul e 47o38\'09\" longitude Oeste, altitude 531 m), onde estava cultivado o açaí e em Pirassununga (latitude 21º59\'46\" Sul, longitude 47º25\'33\" Oeste, e altitude 627 m), onde se encontrava a palmeira real australiana, nos dois cultivos as plantas se encontravam com 36 meses de plantio a campo, estabeleceu-se 3 tratamentos: Pleno sol (PS), Meia sombra (MS) e Sombra (S), onde foram realizadas duas medições nos quais foram avaliados: caracteres agronômicos e fisiológicos, obtidos através do IRGA. Para esses caracteres uma análise preliminar dos dados foi desenvolvida para caracterizar a população amostrada. Calculou-se a média, o desvio padrão, o coeficiente de variação e os valores máximo e mínimo. Empregou-se o teste de Tukey adotando-se nível de 5 % de probabilidade. As análises foram complementadas com o estudo de correlações lineares, além das análises histológica e ultraestrutural, o delineamento empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Nos resultados observados em açaí, para o caráter diâmetro tanto o valor do diâmetro da mãe, como nos seus perfilhos (1, 2 e 3), o ambiente MS se mostrou mais adequado para a obtenção de um diâmetro maior. O número de perfilho (CV 32%) para o tratamento PS foi de 7,67, na MS 9,5 e na sombra 5,67, mostrando que existe uma maior tendência em se encontrar maior número de perfilhos em ambientes sombreados. Dentre os caracteres relacionados, os que apresentaram maior variabilidade foram o número de perfilho e número de folhas, com CV variando entre 32 a 29%. Adotando-se o teste de Tukey não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros estudados, mostrando que existe uma tendência em estabilizar as medidas de caráter agronômico, independente de sua luminosidade. Para os caracteres fisiológicos ao longo do período experimental não houve diferença entre as respostas da fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração. Para os resultados da palmeira real australiana obtidos, o caráter número de folhas (CV 7%), observa-se que o número de indivíduos avaliados (40 plantas/ tratamento) foram suficientes para constituir uma amostra representativa da população, parecendo haver pouca variabilidade para ser explorada, isto pode ser devido à base genética restrita da mesma. Os coeficientes de variação estudados variaram de 7 % (número de folhas) a 19% (diâmetro médio da planta). Para os caracteres fisiológicos houve diferença significativa entre os caracteres. Na análise histológica e ultraestrutural houve diferença mostrando que plantas cultivadas a pleno sol possuem maior tamanho de parênquima paliçádico e maior número de estômatos. / The present work involves two species of producing heart of palm: assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) and the king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) with objective: to measure the agronomic and physiological characters, in 3 environments of luminosity, to study the anatomy of the palm and to evaluate the behavior of the two species in sight to direct the producer, in better luminous surrounding which must be planted the species. The assumed hypothesis was: the growth and development in conditions of different radiation, cause physiological and anatomical modifications that affect the performance of the plants and its production. The experiments were carried out in two places: the assai palm was carried out in Piracicaba (22o42\'11\"S and 47o38\'09\"W, 531 altitude m), and king palm was in Pirassununga (21º59\'46\"S, 47º25\'33\" W, and 627 altitude m). The crops were with 36 months of plantation in the field, there were established 3 treatments: full sun (PS), half shade (MS) and shade (S), in the plants populations there were made agronomic and physiological evaluations. For these characters a preliminary analysis of the data was developed to characterize the population used. It was calculated average, standard desviation and the coefficient of variation and the values maximum and minimum. The Tukey test was used adopting 5 % of mistake probability. The analyses had been complemented with the study of linear correlations, beyond the analyses histological and ultrastructural, the completely randomized delineation was used to evaluate the results. In the results observed in assai palm, for the character diameter of the trunk and palm girth (1, 2 and 3), the environment MS showed more adequate for a bigger diameter. The number of palm girth (CV 32%) for treatment PS was of 7,67, in MS 9,5 and shade 5,67, showing that it exists a bigger trend to find more number of girth in environments with more shade. Among the related characters, the ones that had presented greater variability had been the number of palm girth and leaf number, with CV 32 29%. Adopting the Tukey test it did not have significant difference in the studied parameters, showing that a trend in stabilizing the measures of agronomic character exists, independent of its luminosity. For the physiological characters during the experimental period it did not have difference enters the answers of the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. For the results of the king palm gotten the character leaf number (CV 7%), it is observed that the number of evaluated individuals (40 plants treatment) had been enough to constitute a representative sample of the population, having seemed to have little variability to be explored, this can have the restricted genetic base of the same one. The studied coefficients of variation had varied of 7 % (leaf number) 19% (average diameter of the plant). For the physiological characters it had significant difference between the characters. In the histological and ultrastructural analysis it had difference showing that cultivated plants at full sun environment have bigger parenchyma and bigger number of stomata.

O presente trabalho envolve duas espécies de palmeiras produtoras de palmito comestível: o açaí (Euterpe oleracea) e a palmeira real australiana (Archontophoenix alexandrae) tendo por objetivo: medir os caracteres agronômicos, mensurar os caracteres fisiológicos em 3 ambientes de luminosidade, estudar a anatomia dos palmiteiros e avaliar o comportamento das duas espécies em vista de direcionar o produtor, em qual melhor ambiente luminoso deve-se plantar os palmiteiros. A hipótese assumida foi: o crescimento e desenvolvimento em condições de radiação diferente, acarretam em modificações fisiológicas e anatômicas que afetam o desempenho dos palmiteiros e sua produção. O experimento foi realizado em dois locais: Piracicaba (22o42\'11\" latitude Sul e 47o38\'09\" longitude Oeste, altitude 531 m), onde estava cultivado o açaí e em Pirassununga (latitude 21º59\'46\" Sul, longitude 47º25\'33\" Oeste, e altitude 627 m), onde se encontrava a palmeira real australiana, nos dois cultivos as plantas se encontravam com 36 meses de plantio a campo, estabeleceu-se 3 tratamentos: Pleno sol (PS), Meia sombra (MS) e Sombra (S), onde foram realizadas duas medições nos quais foram avaliados: caracteres agronômicos e fisiológicos, obtidos através do IRGA. Para esses caracteres uma análise preliminar dos dados foi desenvolvida para caracterizar a população amostrada. Calculou-se a média, o desvio padrão, o coeficiente de variação e os valores máximo e mínimo. Empregou-se o teste de Tukey adotando-se nível de 5 % de probabilidade. As análises foram complementadas com o estudo de correlações lineares, além das análises histológica e ultraestrutural, o delineamento empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Nos resultados observados em açaí, para o caráter diâmetro tanto o valor do diâmetro da mãe, como nos seus perfilhos (1, 2 e 3), o ambiente MS se mostrou mais adequado para a obtenção de um diâmetro maior. O número de perfilho (CV 32%) para o tratamento PS foi de 7,67, na MS 9,5 e na sombra 5,67, mostrando que existe uma maior tendência em se encontrar maior número de perfilhos em ambientes sombreados. Dentre os caracteres relacionados, os que apresentaram maior variabilidade foram o número de perfilho e número de folhas, com CV variando entre 32 a 29%. Adotando-se o teste de Tukey não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros estudados, mostrando que existe uma tendência em estabilizar as medidas de caráter agronômico, independente de sua luminosidade. Para os caracteres fisiológicos ao longo do período experimental não houve diferença entre as respostas da fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração. Para os resultados da palmeira real australiana obtidos, o caráter número de folhas (CV 7%), observa-se que o número de indivíduos avaliados (40 plantas/ tratamento) foram suficientes para constituir uma amostra representativa da população, parecendo haver pouca variabilidade para ser explorada, isto pode ser devido à base genética restrita da mesma. Os coeficientes de variação estudados variaram de 7 % (número de folhas) a 19% (diâmetro médio da planta). Para os caracteres fisiológicos houve diferença significativa entre os caracteres. Na análise histológica e ultraestrutural houve diferença mostrando que plantas cultivadas a pleno sol possuem maior tamanho de parênquima paliçádico e maior número de estômatos. / The present work involves two species of producing heart of palm: assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) and the king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) with objective: to measure the agronomic and physiological characters, in 3 environments of luminosity, to study the anatomy of the palm and to evaluate the behavior of the two species in sight to direct the producer, in better luminous surrounding which must be planted the species. The assumed hypothesis was: the growth and development in conditions of different radiation, cause physiological and anatomical modifications that affect the performance of the plants and its production. The experiments were carried out in two places: the assai palm was carried out in Piracicaba (22o42\'11\"S and 47o38\'09\"W, 531 altitude m), and king palm was in Pirassununga (21º59\'46\"S, 47º25\'33\" W, and 627 altitude m). The crops were with 36 months of plantation in the field, there were established 3 treatments: full sun (PS), half shade (MS) and shade (S), in the plants populations there were made agronomic and physiological evaluations. For these characters a preliminary analysis of the data was developed to characterize the population used. It was calculated average, standard desviation and the coefficient of variation and the values maximum and minimum. The Tukey test was used adopting 5 % of mistake probability. The analyses had been complemented with the study of linear correlations, beyond the analyses histological and ultrastructural, the completely randomized delineation was used to evaluate the results. In the results observed in assai palm, for the character diameter of the trunk and palm girth (1, 2 and 3), the environment MS showed more adequate for a bigger diameter. The number of palm girth (CV 32%) for treatment PS was of 7,67, in MS 9,5 and shade 5,67, showing that it exists a bigger trend to find more number of girth in environments with more shade. Among the related characters, the ones that had presented greater variability had been the number of palm girth and leaf number, with CV 32 29%. Adopting the Tukey test it did not have significant difference in the studied parameters, showing that a trend in stabilizing the measures of agronomic character exists, independent of its luminosity. For the physiological characters during the experimental period it did not have difference enters the answers of the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. For the results of the king palm gotten the character leaf number (CV 7%), it is observed that the number of evaluated individuals (40 plants treatment) had been enough to constitute a representative sample of the population, having seemed to have little variability to be explored, this can have the restricted genetic base of the same one. The studied coefficients of variation had varied of 7 % (leaf number) 19% (average diameter of the plant). For the physiological characters it had significant difference between the characters. In the histological and ultrastructural analysis it had difference showing that cultivated plants at full sun environment have bigger parenchyma and bigger number of stomata.