Läckö Castle is an historic building that has never been permanently heated but has been dehumidifiedsince the early 2000s to house museum collections. The purpose of the work was to evaluate thedehumidification performance and compare the climate with the state of preservation of wooden wallpaintings. Compiled climate recordings for different rooms in the castle from 1997 to 2009, before andduring dehumidification, were used and compared to the outside climate. The RH set point value of 70 % for dehumidification was not reached often, especially in winter with high outside RH. Wood painted witha linseed oil paint performed well, whereas paint containing resin was seriously damaged. It is concludedthat microclimatic differences in relation to dominating wind direction are important. The air exchangeof the building is very decisive for dehumidification efficiency.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία ασχολείται με τη μελέτη και την κατασκευή μιας νέας τοπολογίας για τη διασύνδεση ενός φωτοβολταϊκού πλαισίου με το δίκτυο χαμηλής τάσης. Η διάταξη που επιλέχτηκε αποτελεί το πρώτο στάδιο ενός μετατροπέα δύο βαθμίδων που χρησιμοποιείται για την αντιστροφή της τάσης του φωτοβολταϊκού πλαισίου και τη σύνδεση αυτού με το δίκτυο. Η βασική λειτουργία της διάταξης είναι η ανύψωση και σταθεροποίηση της τάσης εισόδου στα επίπεδα των 400 V. Η επιλογή της τοπολογίας στηρίχτηκε στον απλό σχεδιασμό, το υψηλό κέρδος τάσης και την ύπαρξη ενός μόνο διακοπτικού στοιχείου. Το κύκλωμα που μελετήθηκε είναι ένας μετατροπέας Boost σε συνδυασμό με ένα μετατροπέα Flyback με δυο δευτερεύοντα τυλίγματα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το πηνίο του μετατροπέα Boost αντικαθίσταται από το πρωτεύον τύλιγμα του Μ/Σ Flyback, ενώ τα δύο δευτερεύοντα μεταφέρουν τη μαγνητική ενέργεια στην έξοδο με σκοπό την επιπλέον ενίσχυση της τάσης εξόδου που προσφέρει ο Boost. Η κατασκευή του μετατροπέα και του κυκλώματος ελέγχου πραγματοποιήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα επιβεβαίωσαν τη θεωρητική ανάλυση που έγινε και την ορθή λειτουργία του κυκλώματός μας. Ο μετατροπέας επιτυγχάνει υψηλά κέρδη τάσης (μέχρι και 20 φορές), ενώ ο βαθμός απόδοσης κρίνεται αρκετά ικανοποιητικός για επίπεδα ισχύος μέχρι 150 W, αφού μετρήθηκε πάνω από 85%. Ως προέκταση της κατασκευής, θα μπορούσε να υλοποιηθεί βρόχος ανάδρασης με σκοπό τη σταθεροποίηση της τάσης εξόδου στα 400 V καθώς και M.P.P.T. έλεγχος για τη βέλτιστης λειτουργίας της Φ/Β γεννήτριας εισόδου. / --

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία ασχοληθήκαμε με την επίδραση των πραγματικών συνθηκών στις dc παραμέτρους φωτοβολταϊκών πλαισίων άμορφου πυριτίου (a-Si) και την επενέργειά τους στη διαστασιολόγιση φωτοβολταϊκού συστήματος. Συγκεκριμένα οι μετρήσεις έγιναν στο Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών και το πλαίσιο είναι άμορφο πυρίτιο τύπου Scott Solar Gmbh ASi-F 32/12. Ειδικότερα, μετρήσαμε την τάση φωτοβολταϊκού πλαισίου αμόρφου πυριτίου, το ρεύμα, την ηλιακή ακτινοβολία, την θερμοκρασία περιβάλλοντος και τις θερμοκρασίες στην πίσω και τη μπροστινή πλευρά του, σε διαφορετικές ώρες της ημέρας, διαφορετικές κλίσεις και καιρικές συνθήκες. Από τις μετρήσεις αυτές εξάγαμε συμπεράσματα και γραφικές παραστάσεις ρεύματος-τάσης (I-V) και ισχύος-τάσης (P-V) για κάθε μέτρηση. Στην συνέχεια υπολογίσαμε το βέλτιστο συντελεστή απόδοσης του πλαισίου και οδηγηθήκαμε σε συμπεράσματα για την ηλιακή ακτινοβολία η οποία όσο μεγαλύτερη είναι έχουμε και καλύτερη απόδοση του πλαισίου μας. Επίσης, μετρήσαμε τις διαστάσεις του Πανεπιστημιακού γυμναστηρίου και βρήκαμε το βέλτιστο αριθμό πλαισίων και τη βέλτιστη κλίση ώστε να τοποθετηθούν στο χώρο αυτό για να έχουμε τη βέλτιστη απόδοση. γίνεται μελέτη εγκατάστασης φωτοβολταϊκών πλαισίων αμόρφου πυριτίου τύπου Scott Solar Gmbh ASi-F 32/12 στο Πανεπιστημιακό Γυμναστήριο Πατρών και η δυνατότητα λειτουργίας αυτού με πλήρη αυτονομία ή με σύνδεσή του στο δίκτυο της ΔΕΗ. Όσον αφορά την πλήρη αυτονομία οδηγηθήκαμε στο συμπέρασμα ότι υπάρχει μεγάλη διαφορά ανάμεσα στην επιφάνεια που έχουμε και στην επιφάνεια που χρειάζεται για να τοποθετηθούν τα Φ/Β πλαίσια έτσι ώστε να καλύπτεται πλήρως το Πανεπιστημιακό Γυμναστήριο. Στη συνέχεια έπειτα από τη μελέτη για το διασυνδεδεμένο σύστημα με το δίκτυο της ΔΕΗ υπολογίστηκε ότι η ετήσια παραγόμενη ηλεκτρική ενέργεια είναι 51,7 MWh/έτος ή 1115 kWh/έτος/kWp για τα συγκεκριμένα Φ/Β πλαίσια και η απαιτούμενη εγκατεστημένη ισχύς PpΣ=46,4 kWp. Με τη χρήση του προγράμματος PVsol προέκυψε ότι η ετήσια παραγόμενη ηλεκτρική ενέργεια είναι ίση με 46,73 kWh/έτος και ότι η εγκατάσταση θα παράγει τελικά 46,73 kWh/έτος *1450 Φ/Β πλαίσια = 67,7 MWh/έτος ή 1.460 kWh/έτος/kWp . Αξίζει να σημειώσουμε ότι οι πειραματικές μετρήσεις της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης αποτελούν ένα μέρος από τις απαιτούμενες μετρήσεις για την ολοκληρωμένη εφαρμογή με την οποία ασχοληθήκαμε στη παρούσα Διπλωματική εργασία. Τέλος, σειρά έχουν τα συμπεράσματα της διπλωματικής αυτής εργασίας και κατόπιν το παράρτημα όπου εκεί βρίσκονται οι μετρήσεις οι οποίες έγιναν για την δημιουργία των γραφικών παραστάσεων που θα χρησιμοποιηθούν παρακάτω / This diploma thesis dealt with the effect of actual conditions in the dc parameters of solar panels amorphous silicon (a-Si) and their effects on diastasiologisi solar system. Specifically, measurements were made at the University of Patras and the framework is amorphous silicon type Scott Solar Gmbh ASi-F 32/12.Specifically, we measured the voltage of amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel, electricity, solar radiation, ambient temperature and temperatures in the back and front side, at different times of day, different slopes and weather conditions.

This thesis investigates the behaviour of UHPC as a fill material for precast deck panels subjected to negative bending. Two full-scale test specimens were constructed. The transverse joints between the panels, the shear pockets, and the deck haunches were all filled with UHPC. A total of four tests were performed including two static tests to failure and two fatigue tests, one of which was performed to failure. Testing consisted of a loading apparatus acting upwards on the deck soffit in an attempt to impose tensile stresses across the transverse joints, representing the conditions that a transverse joint in the negative moment region of a continuous bridge deck would experience. It was concluded that the transverse UHPC joint performed satisfactorily by transferring bending stresses and shear stresses across the joint from one panel to the adjacent panel. Overall, the test specimens displayed performance levels expected from conventional cast-in-place concrete deck alternatives. / February 2016

abstract: The focus of this investigation is on the renewed assessment of nonlinear reduced order models (ROM) for the accurate prediction of the geometrically nonlinear response of a curved beam. In light of difficulties encountered in an earlier modeling effort, the various steps involved in the construction of the reduced order model are carefully reassessed. The selection of the basis functions is first addressed by comparison with the results of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis. The normal basis functions suggested earlier, i.e. the transverse linear modes of the corresponding flat beam, are shown in fact to be very close to the POD eigenvectors of the normal displacements and thus retained in the present effort. A strong connection is similarly established between the POD eigenvectors of the tangential displacements and the dual modes which are accordingly selected to complement the normal basis functions. The identification of the parameters of the reduced order model is revisited next and it is observed that the standard approach for their identification does not capture well the occurrence of snap-throughs. On this basis, a revised approach is proposed which is assessed first on the static, symmetric response of the beam to a uniform load. A very good to excellent matching between full finite element and ROM predicted responses validates the new identification procedure and motivates its application to the dynamic response of the beam which exhibits both symmetric and antisymmetric motions. While not quite as accurate as in the static case, the reduced order model predictions match well their full Nastran counterparts and support the reduced order model development strategy. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2011

Este trabalho busca alternativas para fabricação de coletores solares planos aplicando técnicas inovadoras em conformação de chapas metálicas. O objetivo é desenvolver um processo de fabricação flexível para placa absorvedora, empregando a técnica da Estampagem Incremental. Esta técnica utiliza uma matriz de suporte de PU, um prensa-chapas e um pequeno punção em conjunto com um centro de usinagem CNC. A Ferramenta utilizada consiste um punção de ponta esférica de fácil fabricação que "desenha" o canal de passagem da água diretamente na chapa, promovendo uma deformação pontual e progressiva. Para compor o canal utilizou-se a técnica de solda por atrito (Friction Stir Welding) com uma ferramenta simples que aproveita o mesmo ferramental da estampagem incremental em um “set-up” rápido da CNC. Foram utilizadas chapas de alumínio de 1mm de espessura. O novo coletor apresenta uma eficiência aprimorada em comparação aos fabricados pelo método tradicional, com uma geometria que favoreça a área de contato com a água. Este processo permite uma formidável flexibilização, viabilizando a produção de pequenos lotes e tornando possível produzir uma enorme variedade de produtos e componentes de geometrias complexas a partir de um ferramental simples e tempos de “set-up” reduzidos. / This work searches alternatives for solar energy collectors manufacture, applying new technologies of sheet metal forming. The objective is to develop a flexible fabrication process for the absorber sheet, using Incremental Sheet Forming. It consists in a PU support die, a blank holder and a small tool, applied in a CNC machine Center. The tool consists in a spherical edge punch of easy fabrication that “draws” the water channel directly into the sheet, promoting a punctual and progressive deformation. To compose the channel, it was used a second sheet jointed by Friction Stir Welding technique, with a simple tool that uses the same tooling of the Incremental Forming in a quick setup of the CNC. Aluminum sheets of 1mm tick were used. It is expected that this new collector panel should improve the thermal efficiency when compared to the traditionally fabricated, and with a geometry that benefits the contact area with the water. This process allows a formidable flexibilization, making the low volume production feasible, allowing the production of a great variety of products and components with complex geometries from simple tooling and reduced setup times.

A demanda por estruturas mais leves implica num ganho em economia, porém o aumento de esbeltez da estrutura pode tornar ela susceptível a instabilidade frente a tensões compressivas estáticas ou dinâmicas. A instabilidade acontece em várias escalas da estrutura analisada e pode interagir com outras formas de colapso como a propagação instável de fissuras, problema governado pela mecânica da fratura, pela plastificacão do material, ou por uma combinação dos efeitos citados. Neste contexto, no presente trabalho, se explora a capacidade do método dos elementos discretizados por barras (LDEM) na simulação de problemas de instabilidade estática e dinâmica devido as tensões de compressão. Este método permite simular o sólido como um arranjo de barras com rigidez equivalente ao contínuo que se quer representar. Leis constitutivas não lineares permitem modelar ruptura de forma simples. A equação de movimento resultante da discretização permite formular uma equação de movimento desacoplada que pode ser integrada no domínio do tempo com um método explícito (Método das Diferencias Finitas Centrais). O fato das barras serem rotuladas nos seus extremos e a solução do problema ser obtida de forma incremental permite capturar problemas com não linearidade geométrica, entre eles a instabilidade estrutural frente a tensões compressivas. Como último exemplo se realiza a análise de um painel sanduiche por flexão em três pontos, que é composto por um núcleo de poliuretano, com duas lâminas externas de material compósito, neste caso a instabilidade estrutural está associada a flambagem da camada da lâmina comprimida. Finalmente a potencialidade da metodologia de análise utilizada é discutida. / The demand for lighter structures implies a gain in economy, but the increase in slenderness of the structure may make it susceptible to instability against static or dynamic compressive stresses. Instability occurs at various scales of the analyzed structure and may interact with other forms of collapse such as unstable crack propagation, problem governed by fracture mechanics, plastification of the material, or a combination of the cited effects. In this context, in the present work, we explore the ability of the discrete elements methods by bars (LDEM) in the simulation of problems of static and dynamic instability due to the compression stresses. This method allows to simulate the solid as an arrangement of bars with rigidity equivalent to the continuum that one wants to represent. Constitutive non-linear laws allow simple modeling of rupture. The equation of motion resulting from the discretization allows us to formulate a decoupled motion equation that can be integrated in the time domain with an explicit method (Central Finite Differences Method). The fact that the bars are labeled at their ends and the solution of the problem is obtained in an incremental way allows to capture problems with geometric non-linearity, among them the structural instability against compressive tensions. The last example, the analysis of a sandwich panel by three-point bending, which is composed of a polyurethane core, with two external blades of composite material, in this case the structural instability is associated with buckling of the layer of the compressed blade . Finally, the potential of the analysis methodology is discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 negrao_wh_me_ilha.pdf: 642707 bytes, checksum: 243a95d042fb4e52687a8d68c5083c35 (MD5) / Este trabalho constitui-se de estudos para confecção e avaliação de painéis aglomerados com quatro espécies de madeiras tropicais: Cedrela odorata (Cedrinho), Cordia goeldiana (Cordia), Ficus insípida (Ficus) e Ceiba pentandra (Paineira). Para confecção dos painéis empregou-se 10 % de adesivo em três traços utilizando-se resina ureia formaldeído, resina poliuretana bicomponente derivado de óleo de mamona e resina poliuretana monocomponente PURBOND HB SB109, respectivamente. A partir da caracterização física e mecânica realizada com base na NBR 14810 e ASTMD-1037, foram determinados valores de Densidades iguais a: 0,65; 0,73 e 0,61g/cm3, Umidade igual a: 7,61; 6,56 e 7,46%, Inchamento após 2h igual a: 12,94; 3,46 e 31,33 %; Absorção após 2h igual a: 54,81; 6,44 e 62,54 %, respectivamente e Módulo de Resistência à Flexão (MOR) igual a: 20,36; 19,49 e 19,30 MPa; Resistência à Tração Perpendicular (RTP) igual a:0,86; 1,17; 0,53 MPa, respectivamente. Os valores de RTP e Densidade foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear, sendo verificado que os coeficientes de determinação da reta tendem para um, possibilitando concluir que as propriedades de adesão interna e densidade estão fortemente correlacionadas e podem propiciar boas qualidades aos painéis / This work consists of studies for fabrication and evaluation of particleboards of four species of tropical woods: Cedrela odorata (Cedrinho), Cordia goeldiana (Cordia), Ficus insípida (Ficus) and Ceiba pentandra (Paineira). To produce the particleboards was used 10% of resin in three stages using formaldehyde urea, polyurethane bicomponent derived from castor bean oil and a monocomponent polyurethane adhesive called PURBOND HB SB109, respectively. From the physical and mechanical characterization performed based on NBR 14810 and ASTM D-1037, were determined values of Density equal to: 0,65; 0,73 and 0,61g/cm³, Humidity equal to: 7,61; 6,56 and 7,46%, Swelling after 2 hours equal to: 12,94; 3,46 and 31,33%; Absorption after 2 hours equal to: 54,81; 6,44 and 62,54%, respectively and Modulus of Resistance to Flexion (MOR) equal to: 20,36; 19,49 and 19,10 MPa; Perpendicular Traction Resistance (RTP) equal to: 0,86; 1,17; 0,53 MPa, respectively. Then the values of RTP and Density were analyzed bilinear regression, being verified that the coefficients of determination of the line tend to one, allowing concluding that the internal adhesion properties and density are strongly correlated and can provide good qualities to the panels

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chamma_pvc_dr_botfca.pdf: 3059180 bytes, checksum: c671f677b2bf95f0d12309c198d7926d (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A problemática dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, industriais ou agroindustriais, representa um grande desafio para a sociedade, pois esses resíduos necessitam obrigatoriamente de tratamento ou reaproveitamento. A conscientização acerca da necessidade de reduzir impactos ambientais tem levado ao aumento de pesquisas para a destinação adequada de resíduos. A comunidade em geral está atenta às questões ambientais e, principalmente, o setor produtivo empresarial que se preocupa com o meio ambiente, sobretudo pela necessidade de obter certificação de qualidade dos seus produtos. O presente trabalho pretendeu cooperar na minimização da problemática do volume atual e crescente de resíduos, analisando materiais alternativos na produção de painéis para uso na arquitetura. Utilizaram-se resíduos de diferentes origens para produzir painéis. Os resíduos sólidos foram divididos, em função de sua origem, em domiciliar, industrial e agroindustrial. O resíduo sólido domiciliar utilizado foi embalagem multilaminada pós-consumo. O resíduo industrial utilizado constituiu-se de aparas de embalagens plásticas para indústrias de alimentos. Os resíduos agroindustriais empregados foram a casca de amendoim e a casca de arroz. Foram feitos diferentes tipos de agrupamento entre esses resíduos, com diferentes proporções que resultaram em dezoito tratamentos diferentes de painéis, todos eles estudados com três repetições. Para a realização dos ensaios físicos e mecânicos nos painéis, atendeu-se à norma para métodos e ensaios da ASTM D1037 (ASTM, 1996) e EN 317 (EN, 1993), referente à chapa de partículas. As propriedades físicas e mecânicas avaliadas foram: módulo de elasticidade (MOE), módulo de ruptura (MOR), tração perpendicular à superfície, inchamento e absorção... / The problems related to urban, industrial and agroindustrial solid residues have represented a great challenge for the society since they obligatorily require treatment or reuse. The understanding about the needs of reducing environmental impacts has led to a growing number of researches on proper residue destination. The community, in general, has been attentive to the environmental issues, mainly the productive section which worries about the environmental problems to obtain the quality certification of products. This work aimed at cooperating to minimize the problem of growing residue volume, analyzing alternative materials in the panel production for architectural utilization. Solid residues were grouped relating to their origin as home, industrial or agro industrial. Postconsume multilaminated packaging, chippings of plastic packaging for food industry as well as rice and peanut peelings were used as home, industrial and agroindustrial solid residues, respectively. Different grouping types were held among these residues with different proportions which provided 18 different treatments of panels, all of them with 3 replications. The physical and mechanical trials complied with the ASTM D1037 (ASTM,1996) and EN 317 (EN,1993) standards concerning particleboard. The following physical and mechanical properties were evaluated: modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), perpendicular traction to plan, swelling and absorption. The ANSI A208-1 (ANSI, 1993) standard, which specifies the necessary properties for particleboard, as well as ANOVA and the Tukey Test were used for data analyses. Better outcomes for panels were obtained from plastic and rice peeling packaging, using 50/50 and 60/40 ratio (matrix/reinforcement). The results from these treatments were in agreement with the ANSI A208-1 (ANSI,1993) standard... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)