L'architecture spatiale du désert est un principe d'unité par lequel se noue d'une façon novatrice, la rencontre de Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, Ibrahim Al Koni et Rachid Boudjedra, au travers de Désert, La Petite Waw et Timimoun. Une telle topographie apparaît dans ces romans, qui prend pour point de départ le désert, lieu de la transparence et d’un possible retour vers un centre mythique d’avant la création. Ce choix permet d'apprécier les perspectives d'une quête initiatique, d'une géopoétique isomorphe de « lieu de l'u‑topie, du non lieu », qui se constitue chez nos auteurs comme un espace originel et original, foyer de création, tentative de dépassement vers un absolu, qui rejoint, d'une certaine manière, le pôle mythologique du « Paradis perdu » dans le contexte d'un imaginaire cosmique. Ce point central, s'inscrit à la fois au plus profond du désert et de l'être, offre en reflet la vision d'un espace qui abolit toutes les limites et englobe le monde entier? Le texte ici, est une réécriture, une épopée inversée, de la Genèse, la négation de son itinéraire? L'étude interroge les lieux vierges évoqués par le désert : qu'en est-il de leur actualisation au fil des œuvres, et aussi, de leur répercussion sur le tissu même de l'écriture? L'écriture est-elle une destinée à assumer et une lumière à atteindre dans l'alchimie du bonheur parfait? Est-ce que ce lieu de l'expérience transfiguratrice, cet espace de la Terre Promise se révèle être une immensité heureuse? Notre démarche s'intéresse aussi, aux images primordiales suscités par ce voyage vers l'origine pour examiner des thèmes très divers, mais qui obéissent à la même structure. En analysant d'une part, la nature de la dualité des couples opposés, complémentaires, insécables (racines-exil, nature-ville, masculinité-féminité, langage-silence, rêve-réalité, vie-mort, instant-éternité) et d'autre part, les éléments invariants qui la sous-tendent et ses trames fécondes (aventures et épreuves, espace-temps particulier, traversée et errance); un portrait plus profond se fait jour. / The spatial architecture of the desert is a principle of unity which is tied by an innovative way of meeting Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, Ibrahim Al Koni and Rachid Boudjedra through Desert, Little Waw and Timimoun. Such topography appears in these novels, which takes as its starting point the desert instead of transparency and a possible return to a mythical center before creation.      This choice allows to assess the prospects for an initiatory quest, a geopoetic isomorphic "instead of utopia, the non-place" which is among our authors as an original space and the original home of creation, attempt to overrun an absolute, which joined in some way, the pole mythological "Paradise Lost" in the context of a cosmic imaginary. This central point fits both deep in the desert and be reflected in the vision provides a space that abolishes all limits and encompasses the whole world? The text here is a rewriting an epic reverse of Genesis, a denial of his route?       The study questions the virgin places mentioned by the desert what about updating them over the works, and also their impact on the fabric of writing? Writing is her destiny to fulfill and achieve a light in the alchemy of perfect happiness? Is this place transfiguring experience this space to the Promised Land is proving to be an immense happy?      Our approach is also interested, the primordial images generated by this journey to examine the origin of very diverse topics, but follow the same structure. By analyzing the one hand, the nature of the duality of opposing pairs, complementary, indivisible (root-exile, nature-city, masculinity-femininity, language, silence, dream-reality, life and death, time-eternity), and on the other hand, the invariant elements that underlie and fruitful fields (adventures and hardships, space-time particular, crossing and wandering), a deeper portrait emerges.

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-01-13T13:50:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Marcos Aurélio Zamith Fernandes.pdf: 1276004 bytes, checksum: f558b72dc2198e6785d76d99ddd20fbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-01-27T12:59:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Marcos Aurélio Zamith Fernandes.pdf: 1276004 bytes, checksum: f558b72dc2198e6785d76d99ddd20fbf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T12:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Marcos Aurélio Zamith Fernandes.pdf: 1276004 bytes, checksum: f558b72dc2198e6785d76d99ddd20fbf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-18 / This work aims at analyzing the character of Satan in the epic work Paradise Lost by the Puritan writer John Milton (1608-1674). More specifically, it aims at offering an answer to the question: in what manner do the traits of the serpent reflect Satan? In order to do that, the analysis was divided into parts. In the first chapter, it was presented the context of the literary production and reception of the work Paradise Lost in order to show features of this corpus and to relate them to other literary works and with its historical moment. In the second chapter, concepts of the narrative theory of Mieke Bal (1997) were applied to the protagonist so that the analysis of Satan in itself and in relation to other elements of the narrative was theoretically based. Finally, in the third chapter, based on a list of features provided by Charlesworth (2010) about the animal serpent (author's expertise), these features were related to the Milton's serpent so that one comprehends traits of the character of the serpent that together relate to Satan. This analysis is justified because many works were found about the Satan of Paradise Lost, nevertheless none whose theme was delimited in that manner. Once a narrative theory and texts from the literary criticism on Milton and of his epic poem pertinent to the current theme were chosen, it is expected that this dissertation allows the reader of Paradise Lost to acquire a more accurate view on the function of the character of Satan in the plot, particularly in the form of the tempting serpent assumed by Satan. / Este trabalho visa a analisar a personagem Satã da obra épica Paradise Lost do escritor puritano John Milton (1608-1674). Mais especificamente, objetiva-se oferecer uma resposta à questão: de que maneira os traços da serpente refletem Satã? Para isso, a análise se dividiu em partes. No primeiro capítulo, apresentou-se o contexto de produção e recepção literárias da obra Paradise Lost com a finalidade de mostrar características desse corpus e relacioná-las com outras obras literárias e com seu momento histórico. No segundo capítulo, aplicaram-se à protagonista conceitos da teoria da narrativa de Mieke Bal (1997) para que fosse fundamentada teoricamente a análise de Satã em si mesmo e em relação a outros elementos da narrativa. Finalmente, no terceiro capítulo, com base numa lista de características fornecidas por Charlesworth (2010) a respeito do animal serpente (especialidade do autor), relacionaram-se essas características com a serpente de Milton de modo que se compreendessem traços da personagem serpente que em conjunto se relacionam com Satã. Esta análise se justifica na medida em que se encontraram vários trabalhos sobre o Satã de Paradise Lost, no entanto nenhum cujo tema fosse delimitado dessa forma. Escolhidos uma teoria da narrativa e textos da fortuna crítica de Milton e de sua épica pertinentes ao presente tema, espera-se que esta dissertação permita que o leitor de Paradise Lost adquira uma visão mais apurada a respeito da função da personagem Satã na trama, em particular da forma de serpente tentadora assumida por Satã.

This study analyses readings and interpretations of the satanic figure in John Milton´s epic Paradise Lost. The study highlights positions from the literature debate about Satan, the main character, and analyses interpretations of Milton´s Satan in order to investigate the critical positions about the relation between text and interpretation. The study has a meta-perspective and analyses the character of Satan in relation to the two main positions that have occupied the debate. The central question for this study is the role of the satanic figure in Paradise Lost. Have the critics read him as a tragic hero or is he being portrayed as the embodiment of evil? By reading which strategies have been used for interpretation by critics in order to come to conclusions about Satan, I have also shown what views exist concerning literary texts and character presentation. The result shows two clear traditions, satanists and anti-satanists, the former interpreting Satan as a positive character and the latter viewing him as a negative one. This study has shown that the debate concerning Satan has touched upon a wide spectrum of subjects where questions concerning authority, revolt and the closeness/distance to a text has been part of the interpretations. The satanic figure has at the same time shown to be an ambivalent 'round' character which makes simple interpretations of him more difficult.

In this paper, I argue that Milton envisions a long view of education in which continual encounters with evil allow created beings to prove themselves and gradually approach a state like God’s—a state marked by constant righteous habits and by a dilation of subjective time with increased access to past and future knowledge. I discuss the roles of opposition in Miltonic education, illustrating how non-examples may result in apophatic revelation about the divine. Acts of rebellion in Paradise Lost demonstrate, however, that the timetable for introducing opposition proves complex, since created beings, the devil among them, act on their own initiative and tinker with the orchestration of Heaven’s agenda. Obedient beings, meanwhile, begin to approach God’s own course of time as they solidify holy habits and respond with constancy to persistent, recurring evils. By establishing a contrast of temporalities experienced between the wise faithful who grow toward God in reason and the foolish fallen who move against him at every turn, Milton’s epic poem suggests a spectrum model of Christian time—intricately ordered for those nearing God and utterly disorganized for those who distance themselves from him. I argue that in Milton’s work, those who obey develop toward the stability of eternity, participating in both cyclical and linear wholes: as the righteous obey with ever more precision, their lives revolve around their King more perfectly even as he marks a sure course onward. Those who oppose God, meanwhile, become subject to extremely chaotic and volatile experiences of time that resist organization into meaningful trajectories. My conclusion analyzes the way these claims might upset some constructions of Miltonic education in existing scholarship and outlines principles for ongoing improvement to the ways educators approach questions of challenge, assessment, repetition, and habit formation.

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Ce projet consiste en une étude comparative de trois traductions de Paradise Lost, l'oeuvre majeure de John Milton, effectuées à trois époques différentes. Le corpus est constitué d'éléments de corpus de la première traduction de Paradise Lost de Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, réalisée en 1729, de la « grande traduction » de Chateaubriand, écrite en 1836, de la version plus contemporaine d'Armand Himy, faite en 2001, et de l'oeuvre originale. L'objectif principal consiste à vérifier si les éléments de corpus contenant des éléments mythologiques et religieux des traductions sont équivalents aux éléments de corpus correspondants dans l'oeuvre originale. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé de façon quantitative l'équivalence et étudié les écarts sémantiques entre les traductions et l'original, dans le but de cerner les projets de traduction de leurs auteurs.

Discipline was an enduring concept in the works of John Milton (1608-1674), yet its meaning shifted over the course of his career: initially he held that it denoted ecclesiastical order, but gradually he turned to representing it as self-willed pious action. My thesis examines this transformation by analysing Milton’s complex engagement in two distinct periods: the 1640s and the 1660s-70s. In Of Reformation (1641), Milton echoed popular contemporary demands for a reformation of church discipline, but also asserted through radical literary experimentation that poetry could discipline the nation too (Chapter 1). Reflecting his dislike for intolerant Presbyterians in Parliament and the Westminster Assembly, the two versions of The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (1643 and 1644) reconsider discipline as a moral imperative for all men, rooted in domestic liberty (Chapter 2). Although written long after this period, the long poetry that Milton composed after the Restoration reveals his continued interrogation of the concept. The invocations of the term ‘discipline’ by Milton’s angels in Paradise Lost (1667) sought to encourage dissenting readers to faithfulness and co-operation (Chapter 3). Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes (1671) advance the concept in the language of ‘piety,’ emphasising that ‘pious hearts’ are the precondition for godly action in opposition to contemporary Anglican ‘holy living’ (Chapter 4). In analysing Milton’s shifting concept of discipline, my thesis contributes to scholarship by showing his sensitivity to contemporary mainstream religious ideas, outlining the Christian—as opposed to republican or Stoic—notions of praxis that informed his ethics, and emphasising the disciplinary aspect of his doctrinal thought. Overall, it holds that in discipline, as word and concept, Milton expressed his faith in the capacity of writing to change its reader, morally and spiritually.

Until recent years, the historical moment of Charles II's return to England was universally accepted as a clear marker of the end of "the Cavalier winter," a welcome victory over theater-hating Puritans. To verify this historical view, literary historians have often glorified the role of King Charles II in the history of the "revival" of drama during the Restoration, whereas they tend to consider the Long Parliament's 1642 closing of the theaters as a decisive manifestation of Puritans' antitheatricalism. This historical perspective based upon what is often known as "the rupture model" has obscured the vibrant development of dramatic forms during the English civil wars and the ways in which the revolutionary energy exploded during this period continued to influence in the Restoration the deployment of dramatic forms and imagination across various social groups. By focusing on the generic development of drama and theatricality during the English civil wars, my dissertation challenges the conventional historiography of the English civil war literature, which has been overemphasizing the discontinuity between the English civil war and the periods before and after it. The first chapter shows how the theatrical energy displaced from traditional cultural domains energized an emerging cheap print market and contributed to the invention of new dramatic forms such as playlets and newsbooks. The second chapter questions the conventional association of Puritanism and antitheatricalism by rehistoricizing antitheatrical writers and their pamphlets and by highlighting the dramatic impulses at work in Puritan iconoclasm during the English civil wars. The final chapter offers the Restoration Milton as a case study to illustrate how the proposed historical perspective replacing "the rupture model" better explains not only the politics of Milton's Paradise Lost but also of Restoration drama.

This thesis is a comparative study between Michelangelo Buonarroti's ceiling frescoes in the Sistine Chapel and John Milton's Paradise Lost. The parallels discussed arise out of the Renaissance humanism shared by both of these artists and expressed their works of art. Beginning with Michelangelo, I will establish the relation of Renaissance humanism to the Sistine Chapel ceiling decoration and define Michelangelo's specific conception of the theories associated with this movement. Subsequently, the same critical approach will be applied to Milton's Paradise Lost, which will be revealed to be notably humanistic despite its positioning at the end of the Renaissance in a Protestant country. After exploring the individual works of Michelangelo and Milton separately, I will then consider the views shared by these two in their treatments of the myth of the Fall of humanity: both artists believe in the ultimate dignity and freedom of humankind, and portray both Adam and Eve as free and autonomous individuals; the Sistine ceiling frescoes and Paradise Lost likewise emphasize the regenerative rather than the damning aspect of the Fall of humanity, expressing the humanistic insistence on the value of human experience; finally, the humanistic notion that art, both literary and visual, instructs its audience while entertaining it, provides the governing artistic theory behind the works of both Michelangelo and Milton. Although the commonalities between Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling and Milton's Paradise Lost are extensive, I will not attempt to claim that Milton was specifically influenced by Michelangelo's frescoes. However, my study will reveal the potential for interart analogies to provide greater insight into the individual works of art and literature being analysed.

No description available.